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Research Important 1

The document provides a comprehensive overview of key concepts in research methodology, including definitions of research, literature reviews, research gaps, and the characteristics of good research. It also covers applied research, sampling methods, types of data, and the importance of questionnaires and referencing in report writing. Additionally, it discusses statistical software used in social sciences and the significance of conclusions in research reports.

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11 views3 pages

Research Important 1

The document provides a comprehensive overview of key concepts in research methodology, including definitions of research, literature reviews, research gaps, and the characteristics of good research. It also covers applied research, sampling methods, types of data, and the importance of questionnaires and referencing in report writing. Additionally, it discusses statistical software used in social sciences and the significance of conclusions in research reports.

Uploaded by

sayantikatheceleb
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Research Methodology most important question-answer :- 1

Q:1) Explain the meaning of Research.

Research is defined as the creation of new knowledge and/or the use of existing knowledge in a new
and creative way so as to generate new concepts, methodologies and understandings. This could include
synthesis and analysis of previous research to the extent that it leads to new and creative outcomes.

Q:2) What is literature review?

The literature review situates the current work within the larger scholarly conversation and emphasizes
how that particular scholarly work contributes to the conversation on the topic. The literature review
portion may be as brief as a few paragraphs focusing on a narrow topic area.

Q:3) Why do you mean by Research Gap?

A research gap is a question or a problem that has not been answered by any of the existing studies or
research within your field. Sometimes, a research gap exists when there is a concept or new idea that
hasn't been studied at all.

Q:4) Point out two features of a good research.

1. Empirical - based on observations and experimentation

2. Systematic - follows orderly and sequential procedure.

3. Controlled - all variables except those that are tested/experimented upon are kept constant.

4. Employs hypothesis - guides the investigation process

5. Analytical - There is critical analysis of all data used so that there is no error in their
interpretation

6. Objective, Unbiased, & Logical - all findings are logically based on empirical.

7. Employs quantitative or statistical methods - data are transformed into numerical measures and
are treated statistically.

Q:5) Define applied research.

Applied research is a type of examination looking to find practical solutions for existing problems. These
can include challenges in the workplace, education and society. This research type uses empirical
methodologies, such as experiments, to collect further data in an area of study.

Q:6) What is sampling?

Sampling is the method of selecting a small section of a larger group in order to estimate the
characteristics of the entire group. Obtaining information from a large data set can be time-consuming,
so taking sample data can be quicker and provides similar results.

Q: 7) What do you mean by nominal scale?


A Nominal Scale is a measurement scale, in which numbers serve as “tags” or “labels” only, to identify or
classify an object. This measurement normally deals only with non-numeric (quantitative) variables or
where numbers have no value. Example of Nominal level of measurement.

Please select the degree of discomfort of the disease:

• 1-Mild

• 2-Moderate

• 3-Severe

In this particular example, 1=Mild, 2=Moderate, and 3=Severe. Here numbers are simply used as tags
and have no value.

Q: 8) what is random sampling?

Random sampling is a type of probability sampling in which the researcher randomly selects a subset of
participants from a population. Each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
Data is then collected from as large a percentage as possible of this random subset.

Q:9) What is a hypothesis?

A hypothesis states researcher’s predictions about what researcher will find. It is a tentative answer to
the research questions that has not yet been tested. For some research projects, researchers might have
to write several hypotheses that address different aspects of the research questions.

Q:10) what is Secondary data?

Secondary data is the data that has already been collected through primary sources and made readily
available for researchers to use for their own research. It is a type of data that has already been
collected in the past.

Q:11) write two examples of primary data source:-

Examples of primary sources: Diaries, letters, memoirs, autobiographies. Interviews, speeches, oral
histories, personal narratives. Scientific data and reports.

Q:12) What do you mean by a questionnaire?

A questionnaire is a list of questions or items used to gather data from respondents about their
attitudes, experiences, or opinions. Questionnaires can be used to collect quantitative and/or qualitative
information. Questionnaires are commonly used in market research as well as in the social and health
sciences.

Q: 13)What is type-I error?

A type I error (false-positive) occurs if an investigator rejects a null hypothesis that is actually true in the
population. For example, a type I error would convict someone of a crime when they are actually
innocent.

Q:14) Explain Various Types of Statistical Software Used in Social Sciences:-


1. SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences)
2. Stata
3. R
4. SAS (Statistical Analysis Software)
5. MATLAB (MATrix LABoratory)

Q:15) What is referencing in report writing?

Referencing is used to tell the reader where ideas from other sources have been used in an assignment.
There are many reasons why it is important to reference sources correctly: It shows the reader that
researcher can find and use sources to create a solid argument.

Q: 16) What constitutes ‘end pages’ of a research report?

Instead, researcher’s conclusion should restate main points and provide closure. Researcher may also
offer suggestions on how his/her research can be expanded or improved. The conclusion is intended to
help the reader understand why your research should matter to them after they have finished reading
the paper. A conclusion is not merely a summary of your points or a re-statement of your research
problem but a synthesis of key points.

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