CONECTORES REDACCIONES

In these days and age Hoy en día

EMPEZAR It is a fact that Es una realidad que
Over the past years, it seems En los últimos años, parece
that que…
Due to/owing to Debido a
In contrast/otherwise Por el contrario
Nevertheless/nonetheless No obstante
Not only…. But also No solo… sino también
Besides/moreover/furthermore Además
Although aunque
Consequently En consecuencia
For instance/for example/such Por ejemplo o como
as
This means that Esto significa que
DESARROLLO It seems unlikely that Parece poco probable que
This could be a result of…
This may be due to…

MAY: DESEOS
MIGHT/MAY/COULD:
PROBABILIDAD
As has been said Como se ha dicho
As we have seen Como hemos visto
CONCLUSIÓN In a nutshell En resumidas cuentas
To sum up/In summary En resumen
To conclude Para concluir

En vez de “first of all” empezar con un condicional:

- If we want to improve our environment, we should first focus on reducing pollution in

big cities because peoples’ health is at stake

- However: sin embargo

- Although: a pesar de/aunque
- Whereas: mientras que
- Besides, furthermore, moreover…
- However/Nevertheless/nonetheless: sin embargo (2 ideas opuestas)
 TIPOS ESTRUCTURA
1. Saludo inicial
2. Introducción
Carta formal/ Carta 3. Desarrollo
informal. 4. Despedida
5. Saludo final
Título
Historia Intro- desarrollo - conclusión

Título
Essay (formal) Intro- desarrollo - desenlace
/article/review(informal)

TITULO
Report (formal) /proposal Subpárrafos
Carta informal

1. SALUDO INICIAL:
a. Hi, Susan! How is it going? It’s great hearing from you! It’s so good to have
news from you!
2. INTRODUCCIÓN:
a. I’m so excited about our plans together!
3. DESARROLLO:
a. Idioms: is not my cup of tea (lo que suelo hacer o gustarme)
4. DESPEDIDA:
a. I’m really looking forward to seeing you! Can’t wait to see you again” I’m so
pumped up! (entusiasmado)
5. Best regards, Maria

Carta formal

• Usar would, may, could….

• No hacer contracciones
• Relative clauses: who/which/that/whose/whom
• Evitar tiempos continuos en formal (i write mejor que I am writing)
• Condicional y pasiva

1. SALUDO INICIAL:
a. Dear Mr Jones (Mr, Mrs o Miss)
b. Si no sabemos: To whom it may concern,
2. INTRODUCCIÓN:
a. My name is Karen MOLLA, the spokesperson (portavoz) for ACNUR
b. I contact you….
i. Because of
ii. To let you know
iii. In regards to (en referencia de)
iv. On behalf of (de parte de)
3. DESARROLLO:
a. Hablar puntos que nos piden por párrafos:
i. I would like to point out that
ii. I would like to posit (sugerir)
iii. In addition, I would like to bring your attention to the fact that
iv. I strongly believe we should address (deberiamos ocuparnos de)
v. I am afraid I have to/ must… (estoy en la obligacion de)
4. DESPEDIDA:
a. Should you have any further questions/ concerns (preocupación)/ enquires
(pregunta) / doubts please do not hesitate to let me know.
b. Thank you for your time/patience/cooperation/consideration…
c. I greatly appreciate your help in this matter (asunto)
5. Respectfully, Karen
Review: opinión personal de un libro, peli, evento, restaurante… (crítica positiva o negativa)

• Muchos adjetivos: scrumptious (deliciosa)

1. TÍTULO
2. INTRODUCCIÓN
3. DESARROLLO:
a. Destacas aspectos y sobre ellos das la opinión y dices como te sientes
4. CONCLUSIÓN:
a. Resumen i opinión global.

Article (como una revista o blog: informar de algo interesante y entretener)

- Informal: idioms
- Evitar pasiva: imperativos y preguntas directas
- Preguntas retoricas
- Terminar con pregunta abierta:
o Can you recommend any other cool sports to practice? Leave your comments
below!
- Cercano: People who practice sports not only live better but, according to some
studies, even longer. It sounds like a win-win to me, right?

1. TITULO
2. INTRODUCCIÓN: couch potato
3. DESARROLLO
a. No lenguaje formal como nebertheless, as fas as I am concerned…
4. CONCLUSIÓN
a. No es un resumen
b. Cerrar con preguntas retóricas
i. I hope you find inspiration in this article to start working out asap (lo
antes possible) because the benefits surely exceed the downsides
(superan). Whether you do it to be healthier, spend some quality time
with your family or friends or simply to stay fit and youthful (joven),
there’s a right reason for you.
Essay: escrito fomal: argumentative (elegir y defender una de las dos ideas) discursive (valorar
2 puntos de vista, puntos positivos y negativos de cada uno)

- Impersonal
o According to experts
o It is certainly true that
o Recent research has shown…
o There is evidence to suggest
o Needless to say that (no hace falta decir que)
- Formal

1. TITULO
2. INTRODUCCIÓN:
a. Presentar el tema
3. DESARROLLO
4. CONCLUSIÓN
a. Both science and languages will help our children to shape a better future
(forjar un future major), increasing their chance of employment in an ever
challenging society (cada vez mas desafiante). Given that acquiring a new
language is harder as we grow older but science is not, it is in their best
interest (lo mejor para ellos) to promote languages at early stages of
education.
1. ------. However,…….
2. The main problem we have in Valencia is……
3. Another problem that worries the citizens is….
4. To sum up, to conclude, as a conclution, all in all…
Report (informe)

- Objetivo: No podemos dar nuestra opinión

- Formal
- Dirigido a una figura de autoridad
- Pasiva
- TITULOS Y SUBTITULOS

1. TITULO
2. INTRODUCCIÓN
a. 1 PÁRRAFO:
i. The aim of this report is to highlight /consider/inform/examine..
3. DESARROLLO
a. 2 PÁRRAFO: pequeño resumen
i. Titulo: Executive Summary
b. SIGUIENTES:
c. Titulo en cada sección: ADVANTAGES, OBSTACLES, BUDGET, ISSUES,
SUGGESTIONS..
i. According to…
ii. As fas as authorities/students… are concened,
4. CONCLUSION:
a. 1er párrafo: recomendaciones generals
i. As it can be inferred from this repost
ii. It is highly advisable to…
iii. Therefore, it can be concluded that…
b. 2o párrafo: conclusion y valoración general
i. In conclusión, this report demonstrates that…
ii. From the research, one can conclude that…
iii. From the evidence exposed, it can be concluded that…
Historia

FRASES QUE ME GUSTAN:

1. The icing of the mochi-cake (guinda del pastel) is the staff. They will go the extra mile
(un esfuerzo adicional) to make you feel at home.
2. It is just impossible to order something you will regret (arrepentirse) at Sushiya.
3. Also, it’s advisable (recommendable) to book (reservar) a table —just a few hours in
advance (de antelación) is enough.
4. Practicing sports has never been trendier (nunca ha estado más de moda).
5. We are all aware of (conscientes) the benefits of working out regularly, but who has
the time? How do you manage to schedule time to hit the gym in the middle of the
day? Well, here’s how I do it. And if a lazy couch potato like myself can, you sure do.
6. Setting your mind to perform something is halfway (Poner tu mentee n realizar algo es
la mitad del camino)
7. Falsely committing (compormeterse falsamente) yourself to one hour every day
8. You can even try the Japanese way of starting off with just five minutes and carry on
devoting more and more time (seguir dedicando mas y mas tiempo) as you feel
confident with your skills.
9. Especially if you also want to unwind and leave everyday cares behind (dejar atrás las
preocupaciones cotidianas
10. It is common knowledge (es bien sabido) that children’s education is nothing but (no
es nada mas que) preparing them for the future. A future which is more and more
competitive and globalized with each passing day (cada dia mas).
11. Needless to say that (no hace falta decir que) business and international relations are
usually conducted in languages different from our mother tongue.
INGLES FORMAL:

- Evitar los tiempos continuos

o Informal: I am writing to
o Formal: I write to
- Si un tiempo puede ir seguido de infinitivo o gerundio, mejor infinitivo.
o Informal: I started working in a bar
o Formal: I started to work in a bar
- Usar frases largas:
o Con relative clauses (who/which/whose/that)
▪ The idea wich I would like to promote…
▪
o Condicionales
o Pasiva:
▪ Informal: We should promote healthy habits at an early age
▪ Formal: Healthy habits should be promoted at an early age
- No contraer
o Informal: He’s a friendly man
o Formal: He is such a friendly man
- Sinónimos cultos
o Go on / continue
o Deep /profound
o Feelings/sentiments
- Los pharsal verbs son informales
o Find out/ discover
o Get in/ enter
o Get off /finish
o Ge tinto /involve
o Get well /improve
RELATIVE CLAUSES: https://whatsup.es/blog/relative-clauses-who-which-whose-or-that

PASIVA:

- Sports should be practiced on a regular basis.

VOCABULARIO:
1. Cuts short: reduce

2. Tirelessly: incansablemente

3. Generous ≠ stingy

a. Honest ≠ dishonest

4. Behaviour: comportamiento
a. Gate: Puerta principal
i. Door: cualquier Puerta
5. Orchard: campo
6. Looking back: echando la vista atrás
7. Make a deal: Hacer un trato
8. Employment: trabajo
9. The main aim: objetivo principal
10. Achievements (logros) achieve (conseguir)
11. Fuel: combustible
12. Bike lane: carril bici (como por la ciudad que hay tambien para coche)
13. Bike path: carril bici pero que solo hay uno (como por el rio)
14. Flat: plana (Valencia is completely flat)
15. Pedestrian area: area peatonal
16. Pedestrian crossings: paso de peatones
17. Get around the city by bike: moverse por la ciudad con la bici
18. Steep: empinado (contrario a flat)
19. Narrow (estrecho) wide (ancho) streets
PRONUNCIACIÓN

No siempre poner because (as/since)

CONDICIONALES

- Se puede hacer: If I could work as a teacher, I would be happy

FORMAS DE DECIR “POR EJEMPLO”

- I always know what is happening in the world using social media such as Instagram or
twitter
PARTE ORAL:

How about…? + ing

What about? Ing

What do you think of

What if we…?

Would you like to….?