International Journal of Recent Development in Engineering and Technology

Website: www.ijrdet.com (ISSN 2347-6435(Online) Volume 8, Issue 6, June 2019)

Object Oriented Application Paradigms and Software

Development Processes
Girma Yohannis Bade1, Fetenech Meskele2
1,2
Department of Computer Science, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita, Ethiopia
Abstracts-- The origin of the OOSE in evaluation and Classes
design of the software has expanded much and is now
A class represents an abstraction of a class of objects
considered as one of the software integration processes. The
Object Oriented Software Development is a set of the in the real world; it is the set of all Class objects sharing
Object Oriented Analysis (OOA) models, Object Oriented certain common properties. And in fact a class is a type
Design (OOD) and the Object Oriented Programming in most programming languages. Once a class has been
(OOP) which provide powerful framework for abstracted from the real world, the attributes and methods
development of the software. The main goal of the OOSE is belonging to it are identified. Method is a common name
the increasing the reusability capacity of the software, for a procedure which belongs to an object, another
reducing the complexity and the software systems Method name popular with the C++ community is
maintenance costs. This paper discuss Object oriented member function.
application paradigms and software development process.
The application paradigms are specification, analysis and B. key features of the object oriented approach
design, programming, and user interfaces which also
consists software developmental processes like requirement Encapsulation
specification, system analysis, design, implementation, The data is grouped together with the procedures
deployment and maintenances. In both case class and object working on them. Ideally, there is only an interface
play a central role to ensure that software development is through which the data can be accessed comprising
object oriented.
several procedures, but no direct access to the data. This
Key terms: Application paradigm, software, object is called data hiding. The procedures should not reveal
oriented, software development process the implementation used to manipulate the data. The
whole concept is called information hiding.
I. INTRODUCTION Inheritance
Late in three decades the creation and application of Inheritance means that one class stands lower in a
the software has progressed a lot. Now, the software hierarchy than another, having all the attributes and
industry is so widely extended that the structured methods of the class standing higher, thereby inheriting
methods can no more analyze and design the complex them. The class that stands higher is called the superclass
software systems. The object oriented models make us or the base class, whilst the class inheriting is called
defeat the software design and analysis in short time. subclass or derived class. The two classes stand in a is-a
OOSE is a relatively new method for designing and relationship to each other, i. e. we say the subclass is a
implementing the software systems. The main goal of the (kind of the) super class.
OOSE is the increasing the reusability capacity of the
software, reducing the complexity and the software Polymorphism
systems maintenance costs[1]. Object oriented was first Polymorphism is supported when we can use one class
suggested for the development of the software in 1960 where another is expected. This is sensible when the
and developers of the software focused on object oriented class which is actually provided has at least the one
in 1980s, and the method got to be used vastly in the feature which is used in the context that the expected
software society [7]. class did have. Polymorphism is achieved when it is
possible to use a subclass of a class instead of that
II. METHODOLOGY Polymorphism class itself.
A. Object oriented thinking
III. APPLICATION P ARADIGM O F OBJECT ORIENTED
An object SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
An object is an abstraction of something which exists
A. Programming
in the real world or in our minds which belongs to the
system we want to model and which we want to store In the late 1960s the first OOPL was developed:
information about. Simula 67.

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 International Journal of Recent Development in Engineering and Technology
Website: www.ijrdet.com (ISSN 2347-6435(Online) Volume 8, Issue 6, June 2019)
An OOPL supports all the key concepts enumerated in Testing:-Ensures that the code meets the requirements
the previous section. If a language does not support them, specification and weeds out bugs. An independent team
it is not object-oriented[2]. of software engineers not involved in the design and
implementation of the project usually conducts such
B. Analysis and design
testing.
Even later than object-oriented programming object-
oriented analysis and design were developed. Whilst Deployment
object-oriented programming is accepted and widely Deployment makes the project available for use. For a
used, analysis is often carried out in more conventional Java applet, this means installing it on a Web server; for
ways. a Java application, installing it on the client's computer.
C. Specification Maintenance
Object-orientation is used to master the complexity, to Maintenance is concerned with changing and
break the problem into smaller units and to tackle them improving the product. A software product must continue
one after another. to perform and improve in a changing environment. This
requires periodic upgrades of the product to fix newly
D. User interfaces
discovered bugs and incorporate changes.
One of the things that has most often been claimed to
be object-oriented is the user interface. Most are not even Requirement
aware of what object-orientation means. But object- Specification

oriented user interfaces can, in fact, make sense. System

Analysis

IV. OBJECT ORIENTED SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT System

P ROCESSES Design

Requirement specification Implementation

A formal process that seeks to understand the problem
and document in detail what the software system needs to Testing
do is known as requirement specification. This phase
involves close interaction between users and designers. Deployment
Most of the examples in this paper are simple, and their
requirements are clearly stated. In the real world, Maintenance
however, problems are not well defined. You need to
study a problem carefully to identify its requirements.
Figure 1: Iterative based OOSD processes [5]
System analysis
It Seeks to analyze the business process in terms of V. CONCLUSION
data flow, and to identify the system’s input and output. The object-oriented approach is nearer to the systems
Part of the analysis entails modeling the system’s it has to model. The structure of the problem domain can
behavior. The model is intended to capture the essential be directly represented. This has the advantage of
elements of the system and to define services to the increased understanding and is therefore less error-prone.
system. Due to the strong encapsulation the object oriented
System design approach proposes, software reuse is facilitated. Reuse
means to use something again which has been used
The process of designing the system’s components.
before. The simplest form is to ‘copy &paste’ code
This phase involves the use of many levels of abstraction
fragments from other programs. Its simplicity at the
to decompose the problem into manageable components,
beginner level, enabling students of programming to
identify classes and interfaces, and establish relationships
easily grasp the concepts; modularity for objects,
among the classes and interfaces [3].
providing software programmers with the opportunity to
Implementation code without too much trial and error; and efficiency[4].
The process of translating the system design into The disadvantages include more complicated
programs. Separate programs are written for each programming for back-end development; the
component and put to work together. This phase requires programming is less efficient when not used in
the use of a programming language like Java. The conjunction with procedural programming, and the fact
implementation involves coding, testing, and debugging. that the coding itself can be repetitive and cumbersome.

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 International Journal of Recent Development in Engineering and Technology
Website: www.ijrdet.com (ISSN 2347-6435(Online) Volume 8, Issue 6, June 2019)
Software engineers still have to learn a new, and [3] An Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design and
Iterative Development by C. Larman. 3rd edition. Prentice
likewise managers face considerable problems since the
Hall/Pearson, 2005.
methodology used is often not suitable for a strictly
[4] https://www.bestcomputersciencedegrees.com/faq/what-is-object-
managed process [6]. oriented-software-development/
[5] https://cs.nyu.edu/courses/spring07/V22.0101-002/11
REFERENCES
[6] Bernd Bruegge, Allen H. Dutoit Object-Oriented Software
[1] Michaelpiefel, coursework ‘information engineering’1996/97 Engineering: Using UML, Patterns and Java, 3rd Edition
[2] Systems Analysis and Design Kendall and Kendall Fifth Edition [7] https://www.academia.edu/9790955/Object_Oriented_Software_E
ngineering_Models_in_Software_Industry