Name ……………………………………………………… Index No.

………………………………………

Candidate’s signature………………………………………

Date ……………………………………………………

231/1
BIOLOGY
Paper 1
(Theory)
July/August 2018
Time 2 hours

KAHURO FORM FOUR JOINT EVALUATION

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
BIOLOGY
Paper – 231/1
July/August 2018
Time: 2 hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

 Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above
 Sign and write the date of the examination in the spaces provided above.
 Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.

EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE

1 - 27 80

This paper consist of 9 printed pages

Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all the printed
Pages are printed as indicated and no questions are missing.

1. The diagram below represent a bacterium cell

1 FORM 4- BIOLOGY-1
 1. (a) Name the kingdom to which the bacterium belong (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(b) State two distinguishing characteristics of the members of the kingdom named above. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. a) Name one element found in proteins but not in carbohydrates. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) State two functional roles of proteins in the body. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. The diagram below shows a type of epithelial tissue.

a) State the possible function of the hair-like processes on the tissue (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Name two mammalian organs where this type of epithelium is found. (2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2 FORM 4- BIOLOGY-1
 4. State the major role of the following features of the mammalian vertebra.
i. Odontoid process (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
ii. Neural canal (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………..………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
iii. Vertebraterial canal (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. a) In which phase of photosynthesis are carbohydrates formed? (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Explain the biological disadvantage of growing some aesthetic plants in the living rooms.(2marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. A certain organ K was surgically removed from a rat. It was later found that there was a drastic
increase in glucose level in the blood. When substance Q was injected into the animal the glucose in
the blood went back normal. Identify
i) Organ K (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii) Substance Q (1 mark)
……….…………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. When the tip of a plant is cut, lateral branches develop.
a) What name is given to this phenomenon? (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Which plant hormone is responsible for the phenomenon above (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. The table below represents certain aspect of the circulatory system in certain animals. Fill in the
missing spaces. (3 marks)
3 FORM 4- BIOLOGY-1
 Heart No. of atrium No. of ventricle Type of circulation
A 2 2
B 2 11
C 1 1

9. Name the tissue that carry out the following function in mammals.
a. Blinds and supports various organs in the body (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. Transport oxygen throughout the body (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c. Contract and relax to bring about movement (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
10. The apparatus shown below was set up by form two students in a certain school.

a) Name the gas X (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Write a word equation for the reaction which produces the gas. (I mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Where in the body does this type of reaction occur (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. a) ……………………………………………………. is the basic unit of the DNA (1 mark)
b) Explain why it is genetically unwise for sisters to marry brothers or father to marry their daughter.
(3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. The diameter of the field of view of a microscope was found to be 6mm. there were 8 cells across
the diameter of the field of view.
4 FORM 4- BIOLOGY-1
 a. Calculate the size of one cell in micrometer. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b. State two differences between an electron microscope and a light microscope. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. a) Name two components of the enamel of teeth. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Name the diseases of the teeth characterized by
i. Formation of cavities in the teeth (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
ii. Gums become soft and flabby and bleeding of the gums occur. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
14. a) Name three defects of the eye. (3 marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Which structure in the ear detect:
i. Change in posture (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. Sound waves. (1 mark)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. What is the importance of a pooter to an ecologist? (I mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

16. The red blood cells lack mitochondria

a) How is this of advantage to red blood cells? (1 mark)
5 FORM 4- BIOLOGY-1
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Apart from the reason stated above, give one other reason. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c) State two other characteristics of the red blood cell. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
17. If a solution 0.9% salt solution is isotonic to a certain type of animal cell, explain what happens
when the animal cell is placed in a solution of 1.2 % salt solution. (3 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. Two glucose molecules combine to form the disaccharide sucrose. The molecular formula of glucose
is C6H12O6 while a single sucrose molecule has the molecular C12H22O11. Account for the observation.
(3marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
19. How is the dark stage of photosynthesis dependent to light stage. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

20. A horse has 64 chromosomes in its somatic cells while a donkey had 62. A mule is produced when a
horse mates with a donkey. However a mule is sterile.
a) Work out the number of chromosomes in a mule. Show your working. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6 FORM 4- BIOLOGY-1
 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Why is the mule sterile? (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
21. Name the three processes that takes place in the liver to bring about difference in composition of
blood in hepatic portal vein and hepatic vein. (3 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
22. Explain why the rate of transpiration is reduced when humidity is high. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
23. The diagram below shows part of the plant tissue.

a) Name the cell labeled X and part labeled W. (2 marks)

X ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
W ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) State two adaptations of cell labeled X to its function. (2 marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
24. The diagram below represents part of a mammalian respiratory system.

7 FORM 4- BIOLOGY-1
 a) Name the structure (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) State two observable ways in which the structure is suited to its function (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
25. a) Define Eutrophication (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) List two effects of Eutrophication in aquatic ecosystem (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
26. Below is a simplified diagram of a flower

i. Suggest its agent of pollination (1 mark)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

ii. Name the type of ovary shown above (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8 FORM 4- BIOLOGY-1
 iii. Explain the observable mechanism that will hinder self-pollination and fertilization in the above
flower (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
27. State two functions of muscles found in the reproductive system in females (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9 FORM 4- BIOLOGY-1