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This cheat sheet covers essential concepts in linear algebra, including subspaces, matrices, determinants, eigenvalues, and diagonalization. Key theorems such as the Rank-Nullity theorem and the Invertible Matrix Theorem are highlighted, along with definitions of basis and dimension. It also addresses orthogonality and projections in vector spaces.

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3 views1 page

linear_algebra_cheat_sheet_unicode

This cheat sheet covers essential concepts in linear algebra, including subspaces, matrices, determinants, eigenvalues, and diagonalization. Key theorems such as the Rank-Nullity theorem and the Invertible Matrix Theorem are highlighted, along with definitions of basis and dimension. It also addresses orthogonality and projections in vector spaces.

Uploaded by

modinas608
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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====================== LINEAR ALGEBRA CHEAT SHEET ======================

1. SUBSPACES
- Subspace Test: 0 ∈ W; closed under addition and scalar multiplication
- Span = all linear combinations
- Linear independence: c■v■ + ... + c■v■ = 0 ⇒ all c■ = 0

2. MATRICES & SYSTEMS


- Rank = # pivot cols; Nullity = # free vars = n − rank
- Solution types (Ax = b):
- Unique: full rank, no free vars
- Infinite: ≥1 free var
- None: inconsistent row (e.g. [0 0 ... | 1])
- Parametric vector form: x = p + t■v■ + ... + t■v■

3. KEY THEOREMS
- Rank–Nullity: rank(A) + nullity(A) = n
- Invertible Matrix Theorem (for square A): all ⇔
- A invertible
- det(A) ≠ 0
- rank(A) = n
- null(A) = {0}
- Ax = b has unique sol ∀ b

4. DETERMINANTS
- det(A) = 0 ⇒ A not invertible
- det from cofactor expansion: along row i:
det(A) = ∑ a■■ (−1)■■■ det(M■■)
- Row swap → sign flip; zero row → det = 0

5. EIGENVALUES & EIGENVECTORS


- A v = λ v ⇒ λ eigenvalue, v ≠ 0 eigenvector
- Find λ: det(A − λI) = 0
- Eigenspace E_λ = null(A − λI)

6. DIAGONALIZATION
- A = P D P■¹ if A has n independent eigenvectors
- D: diag matrix of eigenvalues; P: cols = eigenvectors

7. BASIS & DIMENSION


- Basis: linearly independent spanning set
- dim(V) = # vectors in a basis
- Standard basis of ■■: e■, ..., e■

8. COLUMN & NULL SPACE


- null(A) = { x : Ax = 0 }, a subspace of ■■
- col(A) = span of columns of A, subspace of ■■

9. ORTHOGONALITY (if needed)


- v ⊥ w ⇔ v ⋅ w = 0
- proj_u(v) = [(v ⋅ u)/(u ⋅ u)] u

========================================================================

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