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 CONSTITUTIONAL LAW I
1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW

A. The 1987 Constitution

1. Nature and concept of a Constitution
Relevant Cases:
● In Re: Joaquin T. Borromeo, A.M. No. 93-7-696-0, February 21, 1995
● Conducto vs. Monzon, A.M. MTJ-98-1147, July 02, 1998
● Republic vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 104768, July 21, 2003

PH
● Manila Prince Hotel vs. GSIS, G.R. No. 122156, February 03, 1997

2. Parts of a Constitution

3. Methods of Interpreting the Constitution

Relevant Cases:
T.
● Manila Prince Hotel vs. Gsis, G.R. No. 122156, February 03, 1997
● Endencia vs. David, G. R. Nos. L-6355-56, August 31, 1953
● Francisco, Jr. vs. House Of Representatives, G.R. Nos. 160261, 160262,
ES

160263, 160277, 160292, 160295, 160310, 160318, 160342, 160343,

160360, 160362, 160370, 160376, 160392, 160397, 160403 & 160405,
November 10, 2003
● In Re Supreme Court Judicial Independence vs. Judiciary
Development Fund, UDK-15143, January 21, 2015
IG

● Nitafan vs. Commissioner Of Internal Revenue, G.R. No. 78780,

July 23, 1987
● Filoteo vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 79543, October 16, 1996
● J.M. Tuason vs. Land Tenure Administration, G.R. No. L-21064,
February 18, 1970
D

B. Amendments and Revisions (1987 CONST., art. XVII, secs. 1-4; R.A. No. 6735)
Relevant Cases:
● Santiago vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 127325, March 19, 1997
● Lambino vs. Comelec, G.R. NO. 174153, October 25, 2006
● Gonzales vs. Comelec, G.R. No. L-28196 & L-28224, November 09, 1967
● Tolentino vs. Comelec, G.R. No. L-34150, October 16, 1971
● Planas vs. Comelec, G.R. No. L-35925, January 22, 1973
● Javellana vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. Nos. L-36142, L-36164, L-36165,
L-36236 & L-36283, March 31, 1973

C. Basic Concepts
1. Sovereignty

1
 Relevant Cases:
● Nicolas vs. Romulo, G.R. No. 175888, February 11, 2009
● Macariola vs. Asuncion, Adm. Case No. 133-J, May 31, 1982
● People vs. Perfecto, G. R. No. 18463, October 04, 1922
● Reagan vs. CIR, G.R. No. L-26379, December 27, 1969
● Air Canada vs. Cir, G.R. No. 169507, January 11, 2016

2. State immunity
Relevant Cases/Law:
● Section 10-11, Book I, Administrative Code of 1987 (Executive Order
No. 292)
● Republic vs. Feliciano, G.R. No. 70853, March 12, 1987
● Merritt vs. Government Of Philippines, G.R. No. 11154, March

PH
21, 1916
● Philippine Agila vs. Lichauco, G.R. NO. 134887, July 27, 2006
● Minucher vs. Ca, G.R. No. 142396, February 11, 2003
● GTZ vs. CA, G.R. No. 152318, April 16, 2009
● Vigilar vs. Aquino, G.R. No. 180388, January 18, 2011
● Arigo vs. Swift, G.R. No. 206510, September 16, 2014
T.
● Segovia vs. Climate Change Commission, G.R. No. 211010, March
07, 2017
ES

3. Separation of powers
Relevant Cases:
● In Re Laureta vs. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. L-68635, May
14, 1987
● Demetria vs. Alba, G.R. No. 71977, February 27, 1987
IG

4. Theory and Justification of Judicial Review

Relevant Case: Angara vs. Electoral Commission, G. R. No. 45081, July 15,
1936
D

5. Justiciable and Political Questions

Relevant Cases:
● Miranda vs. Aguirre, G.R. No. 133064, September 16, 1999
● Francisco, Jr. vs. House Of Representatives, G.R. Nos. 160261, 160262,
160263, 160277, 160292, 160295, 160310, 160318, 160342, 160343,
160360, 160362, 160370, 160376, 160392, 160397, 160403 & 160405,
November 10, 2003
● Torrecampo vs. Mwss, G.R. No. 188296, May 30, 2011

6. Judicial Review
i. Actual Case or Controversy Prematurity
ii. Proper Party

2
 iii. Earliest Opportunity
iv. Lis Mota

Relevant Cases:
Actual Case
● Pacu vs. Secretary Of Education, G.R. No. L-5279, October 31, 1955
● Mariano vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 118577, March 07, 1995
● Montesclaros vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 152295, July 09, 2002
● Philippine Constitution Association vs. Philippine Government, G.R.
No. 218406, November 29, 2016
● Atlas Fertilizer vs. Dar Secretary of Agrarian Reform, G.R. No.
93100, June 19, 1997
● Lacson vs. Perez, G.R. Nos. 147780, 147781, 147799 & 147810, May

PH
10, 2001
● Sanlakas vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 159085, February 03,
2004

Legal Standing
● Joya vs. PCGG, G.R. No. 96541, August 24, 1993
T.
● Commission On Human Rights Employees vs. Commission On
Human Rights, G.R. No. 155336, November 25, 2004
● Automotive Industry vs. Romulo, G.R. NO. 157509, January 18,
ES

2005
● Tañada vs. Tuvera, G.R. No. L-63915, April 24, 1985
● Chavez vs. Public Estates Authority, G.R. No. 133250, July 09, 2002
● Kilusang Mayo Uno vs. Garcia, G.R. No. 115381, December 23, 1994
● Integrated Bar Of Philippines vs. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August 15,
IG

2000
● Executive Secretary vs. CA, G.R. No. 131719, May 25, 2004
● Gma Network vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 205357, September 02, 2014
● Information Technology Foundation vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 159139,
D

January 13, 2004

● Tolentino vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 148334, January 21, 2004
● Ople vs. Torres, G.R. No. 127685, July 23, 1998
● People vs. Vera, G. R. No. 45685, December 22, 1937
● Resident Marine Mammals Of Protected Seascape Tanon Strait vs.
Secretary Angelo Reyes, G.R. No. 180771, April 21, 2015

Necessity of Deciding Constitutional Questions

● Arceta vs. Mangrobang, G.R. No. 152895, June 15, 2004
● Angara vs. Electoral Commission, G. R. No. 45081, July 15, 1936

7. Checks and balances

Relevant Cases:

3
 ● Araneta vs. Dinglasan, G.R. No. L-2044, L-2756, L-3054, L-3055, L-3056,
August 26, 1949
● Senate Of The Phils. vs. Ermita, G.R. Nos. 169777, 169659, 169660,
169667, 169834 & 171246, July 14, 2006
● Belgica vs. Ochoa, G.R. Nos. 208566, 208493 & UDK 14951, September
10, 2013
● Belgica vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 210503, October 08, 2019
● Ople vs. Torres, G.R. No. 127685, July 23, 1998
● Kilusang Mayo Uno vs. Director-general, G.R. Nos. 167798 & 167930,
April 19, 2006
● Silverio vs. Republic, G.R. NO. 174689, October 19, 2007
● Falcis Iii vs. Civil Registrar General, G.R. No. 217910, September 03,
2019

PH
● Republic vs. Hon. Gingoyon, G.R. NO. 166429, December 19, 2005
● Estipona, Jr. vs. Lobrigo, G.R. No. 226679, August 15, 2017
● Echegaray vs. Secretary Of Justice, G.R. No. 132601, January 19, 1999
● Pulido vs. People, G.R. No. 220149, July 27, 2021
● Commission On Audit vs. Pampilo, Jr., G.R. Nos. 188760, 189060 &
189333, June 30, 2020
T.
8. Delegation of powers
Relevant Cases:
ES

● Sema vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 177597, July 16, 2008

● Department Of Trade And Industry vs. Steelasia Manufacturing Corp.,
G.R. No. 238263, November 16, 2020
● PDP-Laban vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 225152, October 05, 2021
● Eastern Shipping Lines vs. POEA, G.R. No. 76633, October 18, 1988
IG

9. Fundamental powers of the State

i. Police power
ii. Eminent domain
D

iii. Taxation

Relevant Cases:
● Republic vs. Pryce Corp., Inc., G.R. No. 243133, March 08, 2023
● Pimentel vs. Legal Education Board, G.R. Nos. 230642 & 242954
(Notice), March 12, 2019
● Zabal vs. Duterte, G.R. No. 238467, February 12, 2019
● Carlos Superdrug vs. Dswd, G.R. NO. 166494, June 29, 2007
● Drugstores Association vs. National Council On Disability Affairs, G.R.
No. 194561, September 14, 2016
● Mirasol vs. Dpwh, G.R. NO. 158793, June 08, 2006
● Quezon City vs. Ericta, G.R. No. L-34915, June 24, 1983
● Fernando vs. St. Scholastica's College, G.R. No. 161107, March 12,

4
 2013
● Department Of Transportation vs. Spouses Abecina, G.R. No. 206484,
June 29, 2016
● Pnoc Alternative Fuels Corp. vs. National Grid Corporation Of The
Philippines, G.R. No. 224936, September 04, 2019
● More Electric And Power Corp. vs. Panay Electric Co., Inc., G.R. Nos.
248061 & 249406, September 15, 2020
● Solicitor General vs. Ayala Land, G.R. No. 177056, September 18, 2009
● Philippine Healthcare Providers vs. Cir, G.R. No. 167330, September
18, 2009
● Reyes vs. Almanzor, G.R. Nos. L-49839-46, April 26, 1991
● CIR vs. San Miguel, G.R. Nos. 205045 & 205723, January 25, 2017

PH
10. Parens Patria
Relevant Case: Spark vs. Quezon City, G.R. No. 225442, August 08, 2017

THE PREAMBLE
T.
ARTICLE 1 - THE NATIONAL TERRITORY

A. Scope (Terrestrial, Aerial, and Fluvial Domains)

ES

B. Archipelagic Doctrine
Relevant Cases:
● Magallona vs. Ermita, G.R No. 187167, August 16, 2011
Republic vs. Provincial Government Of Palawan, G.R. Nos. 170867 & 185941,
IG

●
January 21, 2020

C. Maritime Zones
D

ARTICLE 2 - DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES AND STATE POLICIES

Relevant Cases:
● Tondo Medical Center Employees Association vs. Ca, G.R. NO. 167324, July 17, 2007
● Ocampo vs. Rear Admiral, G.R. Nos. 225973, 225984, 226097, 226116, 226117,
226120 & 226294, November 08, 2016
● Imbong vs. Ochoa, G.R. No. 204819, April 08, 2014
● Oposa vs. Factoran, G.R. No. 101083, July 30, 1993
● Accfa vs. Cugco, G.R. No. L-21484, November 29, 1969
● Veterans Federation vs. Reyes, G. R. NO. 155027, February 28, 2006
● Funa vs. Manila Economic And Cultural Office, G.R. No. 193462, February 04, 2014
● Manila International Airport Authority vs. Ca, G.R. NO. 155650, July 20, 2006

5
● Philippine Society For Prevention Of Cruelty To Animals vs. Coa, G.R. No. 169752,
September 25, 2007
● Republic vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 104768, July 21, 2003
● Tañada vs. Angara, G.R. No. 118295, May 02, 1997
● PHCAP vs. Secretary Duque, G.R. NO. 173034, October 09, 2007
● Mijares vs. Ranada, G.R. NO. 139325, April 12, 2005
● Pangilinan vs. Cayetano, G.R. Nos. 238875, 239483 & 240954, March 16, 2021
● Knights Of Rizal vs. Dmci, G.R. No. 213948, April 25, 2017
● Integrated Bar Of Philippines vs. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August 15, 2000
● Spark vs. Quezon City, G.R. No. 225442, August 08, 2017
● Garcia vs. Drilon, G.R. No. 179267, June 25, 2013
● Arigo vs. Swift, G.R. No. 206510, September 16, 2014
● Paje vs. CasiÑo, G.R. No. 207257, February 03, 2015

PH
● West Tower Condominium Corporation v. FPIC, G.R. No. 194239, 16 June 2015
● Garcia vs. Board Of Investments, G.R. No. 92024, November 09, 1990
● Pamatong vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 161872, April 13, 2004
● Philippine Savings Bank v. Senate Impeachment Court, G.R. No. 200238, 25 March
2008
T.
ARTICLE 6 - THE LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT
ES

A. Congress: Senate and House of Representatives

1. Composition and Qualifications (Secs. 2-14, Art. VI)
2. Election
3. Quorum, Voting Majorities, and Discipline of Members (Sec. 16, Art. VI)
4. Journal and Record
IG

i. The Enrolled Bill Theory

ii. Probative Value of the Journal
iii. Matters to be entered in the Journal
iv. Journal Entry Rule v. Enrolled Bill Theory
D

v. Congressional Record
5. Privileges and Inhibitions (Secs. 10-11 and 13-14, Art. VI)
i. Salaries
ii. Freedom from Arrest
iii. Speech and Debate Clause
iv. Disqualifications
v. Duty to Disclose

Relevant Cases:
● Atong Paglaum v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 203766, 02 April 2013
● Abang Lingkod v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 206952, 22 October 2013
● Ang Ladlad v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 190582, 08 April 2010
● Dayao vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 193643, January 29, 2013
● Lokin vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 193808, June 26, 2012

6
 ● Lico vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 205505, September 29, 2015
● Senior Citizens Party-list vs. Comelec, G.R. Nos. 206844-45, July 23, 2013
● Cocofed vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 207026, August 06, 2013
● Araro vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 192803, December 10, 2013
● Aksyon Magsasaka-partido Tinig Ng Masa vs. Comelec, G.R. No.
207134, June 16, 2015
● Aquino vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 120265, September 18, 1995
● Romualdez-marcos vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 119976, September 18, 1995
● Torayno vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 137329, August 09, 2000
● Tolentino vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 148334, January 21, 2004
● Defensor-santiago vs. Guingona, G.R. No. 134577, November 18, 1998
● Baguilat vs. Alvarez, G.R. No. 227757, July 25, 2017
● Avelino v. Cuenco, G.R. No. L-2821, 04 March 1949

PH
● Pacete vs. Secretary Of Justice, G.R. No. L-25895, July 23, 1971
● Arroyo vs. CIR, G.R. No. 127255, August 14, 1997
● Alejandrino vs. Quezon, G.R. No. 22041, September 11, 1924
● OsmeÑa vs. Pendatun, G.R. No. L-17144, October 28, 1960
● Pobre vs. Defensor-Santiago, A.C. No. 7399, August 25, 2009
● Pimentel vs. Senate Committee Of Whole, G.R. No. 187714, March 08, 2011
T.
● Casco Philippine Chemical vs. Gimenez, G.R. No. L-17931, February 28, 1963
● Philippine Judges Association vs. Prado, G.R. No. 105371, November 11, 1993
● United States vs. Pons, G.R. No. 11530, August 12, 1916
ES

● Astorga vs. Villegas, G.R. NO. L-23475, April 30, 1974

● Morales vs. Subido, G.R. No. L-29658, February 27, 1969
● PHILCONSA vs. Mathay, G. R. No. L-25554, October 04, 1966
● Ligot vs. Mathay, G.R. NO. L-34676, April 30, 1974
● People v. Jalosjos, G.R. No. 132875-76, 03 February 2000
IG

● Jimenez vs. Cabangbang, G.R. No. L-15905, August 03, 1966

● Adaza vs. Pacana, G.R. No. 68159, March 18, 1985
● Puyat vs. De Guzman, Jr., G.R. No. 51122, March 25, 1982
● Liban vs. Gordon, G.R. No. 175352, July 15, 2009
D

● Liban vs. Gordon, G. R. No. 175352, January 18, 2011

B. Law-Making Process (Secs. 26-27, Art. VI)

1. Nature of Legislative Powers
2. Plenary Character
3. Limitations of Legislative Power
4. Limitations on Revenue, Appropriations, and Tariff Measures
5. Presidential Veto and Congressional Override
6. Non-legislative Functions
7. Informing Function

Relevant Cases:
● Sema vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 177597, July 16, 2008

7
 ● Torralba vs. Sibagat, G.R. No. 59180, January 29, 1987
● Abakada vs. Secretary Purisima, G.R. No. 166715, August 14, 2008
● Pimentel vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 158088, July 06, 2005
● Bayan Muna vs. Romulo, G.R. No. 159618, February 01, 2011
● Saguisag vs. Ochoa, Jr., G.R. Nos. 212426 & 212444, January 12, 2016
● Saguisag vs. Ochoa, G.R. No. 212426, July 26, 2016
● Wilson vs. Ermita, G.R. No. 189220, December 07, 2016

Legislative Process
● Lidasan vs. Comelec, G.R. No. L-28089, October 25, 1967
● Cruz vs. Paras, G.R. No. L-42571-72, July 25, 1983
● Giron vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 188179, January 22, 2013
● Demetria vs. Alba, G.R. No. 71977, February 27, 1987

PH
● Guingona vs. Carague, G.R. No. 94571, April 22, 1991
● Philippine Constitution Association vs. Enriquez, G.R. No. 113105, August 19,
1994
● Lawyers Against Monopoly And Poverty vs. Secretary Of Budget, G.R. No.
164987, April 24, 2012
● Belgica vs. Ochoa, G.R. No. 208566, November 19, 2013
T.
● Araullo vs. Aquino Iii, G.R. No. 209287, July 01, 2014
● Pichay vs. Office Of Deputy Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 196425, July 24,
2012
ES

● Nazareth vs. Villar, G.R. No. 188635, January 29, 2013

● Tolentino vs. Secretary Of Finance, G.R. No. 115455, August 25, 1994
● Lung Center vs. Quezon City, G.R. No. 144104, June 29, 2004
● Bengzon vs. Drilon, G.R. No. 103524, April 15, 1992
● Miller vs. Mardo, G.R. No. L-15138, July 31, 1961
IG

● Kida vs. Senate, G.R. No. 196271, October 18, 2011

Effectivity of Laws
● Tañada vs. Tuvera, G.R. No. 63915, December 29, 1986
D

● Tañada vs. Tuvera, G.R. No. L-63915, April 24, 1985

C. Appropriation (Secs. 24-25 and 29, Art. VI)

D. Legislative Inquiries and Oversight Functions (Secs. 21-22, Art. VI)

Relevant Cases:
● Arnault vs. Nazareno, G.R. No. L-3820, July 18, 1950
● Arnault vs. Balagtas, G.R.No. L-6749, July 30, 1955
● In Re: Sabio vs. Gordon, G.R. NO. 174340, October 17, 2006
● Bengzon vs. Senate Blue, G.R. No. 89914, November 20, 1991
● Senate vs. Ermita, G.R. NO. 169777, April 20, 2006
● Gudani vs. Senga, G.R. NO. 170165, August 15, 2006
● Neri vs. Senate Committee, G.R. No. 180643, September 04, 2008

8
 ● Garcillano vs. House Of Representatives, G.R. No. 170338, December 23,
2008
● Akbayan vs. Aquino, G.R. No. 170516, July 16, 2008

E. Declaration of Existence of State of War (Sec. 23, Art. VI)

F. Power to Revoke/Extend the Suspension of the Privilege of the Writ of Habeas

Corpus and Declaration of Martial Law (Sec. 18, Art. VII)

G. Power of Impeachment (Sections 2-3, Art. XI)

1. Impeachment Procedure
2. Effects of impeachment
3. Removal of an impeachable officer through quo warranto proceedings

PH
Relevant Cases:
● Gutierrez vs. House Of Representatives, G.R. No. 193459, February 15, 2011
● Corona vs. Senate, G.R. No. 200242, July 17, 2012

H. Electoral Tribunals (Section 17, Art. VI)

T.
1. Composition
2. Powers and Jurisdiction
ES

Relevant Cases:
● Abbas vs. Senate Electoral Tribunal, G.R. No. 83767, October 27, 1988
● Bondoc vs. Hret, G.R. No. 97710, September 26, 1991
● Codilla vs. De Venecia, G.R. No. 150605, December 10, 2002
● Reyes vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 207264, June 25, 2013
IG

● Velasco vs. Belmonte, G.R. No. 211140, January 12, 2016

● Pimentel vs. HRET, G.R. No. 141489, November 29, 2002
● Abayon vs. HRET, G.R. No. 222236, May 03, 2016
● David vs. Senate Electoral Tribunal, G.R. No. 221538, September 20, 2016
D

I. Commission on Appointments (Sec. 18, Art. VI; Sec. 16, Art. VIl; Sec. 8, Art. Vlll)
1. Public Officers subject to Confirmation

Relevant Cases:
● Daza vs. Singson, G.R. No. 86344, December 21, 1989
● Coseteng vs. Mitra, G.R. No. 86649, July 12, 1990
● Guingona vs. Gonzales, G.R. No. 106971, October 20, 1992
● Drilon vs. De Venecia, G.R. No. 180055, July 31, 2009

Other Relevant Cases:

● Rubi v. Provincial Board of Mindoro, G.R. No. L-14078, 07 March 1919

9
● Social Justice Society v. Dangerous Drugs Board, G.R. No. 157870, 03 November
2008
● Alyansa Para Sa Bagong Pilipinas, Inc. vs. Energy Regulatory Commission, G.R. No.
227670, May 03, 2019
● La Suerte Cigar vs. Ca, G.R. No. 125346, November 11, 2014
● Department Of Transportation vs. Philippine Petroleum, G.R. No. 230107, July 24,
2018
● Beltran v. Secretary of Health, G.R. No. 133640, 25 November 2005
● Kilusang Mayo Uno v. Aquino III, G.R. No. 210500, 02 April 2019
● People v. Dacuycuy, G.R. No. L-45127, 05 May 1989
● Acosta v. Ochoa, G.R. No. 211559, 15 October 2019
● Philippine Coconut v. Republic, G.R. No. 177857, 24 January 2012
● Bagabuyo c. COMELEC, G.R. No. 176970, 08 December 2008

PH
● Mariano v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 118577, 07 March 1995
● Montejo v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 118702, 16 March 1995
● Aldaba v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 188078, 25 January 2010
● Aquino v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 189793, 07 April 2010
● BANAT v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 179271, 08 July 2009
● Phil. Guardians v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 190529, 29 April 2010
T.
● Magdalo v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 190793, 19 June 2012
● Bengson III v. HRET, G.R. No. 142840, 07 May 2001
● Domino v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 134015, 19 July 1999
ES

● Fernandez v. HRET, G.R. No. 187478, 21 December 2009

● Perez v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 133944, 28 October 1999
● Tolentino v. Commission on Elections, G.R. No. 148334, 21 January 2004
● Trillanes v. Pimentel, G.R. No. 179817, 27 June 2008
● Trillanes v. Castillo-Marigomen, G.R. No. 223451, 14 March 2018
IG

● Pimentel v. Joint Committee, G.R. No. 163783, 22 June 2004

● Avelino v. Cuenco, G.R. No. L-2821, 04 March 1949
● Santiago v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 128055, 18 April 2001
● Negros Oriental II Electric Cooperative, Inc. v. Sangguniang Panlungsod, G.R. No.
D

72492, 05 November 1987

ARTICLE 7 - EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT

A. The President
1. Qualifications, election, term, and oath
2. Privileges and salary
3. Succession
i. In case of vacancy of the beginning of term
ii. In case of vacancy during term
iii. In case of temporary disability
4. Removal
5. Prohibitions

10
 6. Exceptions to prohibition from holding another office

Relevant Cases:
● Pormento vs. Estrada, G.R. No. 191988, August 31, 2010
● Republic vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 152154, July 15, 2003
● Marcos vs. PCGG, G.R. No. 189434, March 12, 2014
● Estrada vs. Desierto, G.R. Nos. 146710-15 & 146738, April 03, 2001
● Civil Liberties Union vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 83896, February 22,
1991
● Cruz vs. COA, G.R. No. 138489, November 29, 2001
● National Amnesty Commission vs. COA, G. R. No. 156982, September 08,
2004

PH
B. Powers and Functions of the President
1. Executive Power
Relevant Cases:
● Marcos vs. Manglapus, G.R. No. 88211, September 15, 1989
● Province Of North Cotabato vs. Government Of Republic Peace Panel,
G.R. No. 183591, October 14, 2008
T.
● DENR vs. DENR Region 12 Employees, G.R. No. 149724, August 19,
2003
● Banda vs. Ermita, G.R. No. 166620, April 20, 2010
ES

● Biraogo vs. Philippine Truth Commission Of 2010, G.R. Nos. 192935 &
193036, December 07, 2010

2. Control of executive departments

Relevant Cases:
IG

● Blaquera vs. Alcala, G.R. No. 109406, September 11, 1998

● Hutchison Ports vs. Sbma, G.R. No. 131367, August 31, 2000
● NEA vs. COA, G. R. No. 143481, February 15, 2002
D

3. General supervision over local governments/autonomous regions

Relevant Cases: Pimentel vs. Aguirre, G.R. No. 132988, July 19, 2000

4. Power of Appointment
Relevant Cases:
● Bermudez vs. Secretary, G.R. No. 131429, August 04, 1999
● Sarmiento Iii vs. Mison, G.R. No. L-79974, December 17, 1987
● Calderon vs. Carale, G.R. No. 91636, April 23, 1992
● Manalo vs. Sistoza, G.R. No. 107369, August 11, 1999
● Soriano vs. Lista, G.R. No. 153881, March 24, 2003
● Pimentel vs. Ermita, G.R. NO. 164978, October 13, 2005
● General vs. Urro, G.R. No. 191560, March 29, 2011
● In Re: Valenzuela, A.M. No. 98-5-01-SC, November 09, 1998

11
 ● De Castro vs. JBC, G. R. No. 191002, March 17, 2010
● De Rama vs. CA, G.R. No. 131136, February 28, 2001
● Velicaria-Garafil vs. Office Of The President, G.R. No. 203372, June 16,
2015
● Matibag vs. Benipayo, G.R. No. 149036, April 02, 2002
● Larin vs. Secretary, G.R. No. 112745, October 16, 1997
● Funa vs. COA, G.R. No. 192791, April 24, 2012
● Funa vs. Agra, G.R. No. 191644, February 19, 2013
● Funa vs. Civil Service Commission, G.R. No. 191672, November 25,
2014
● Gonzales vs. Office Of President, G.R. No. 196231, September 04, 2012
● Gonzales vs. Office Of President, G.R. No. 196231, January 28, 2014

PH
5. Executive Clemency
Relevant Cases:
● Barrioquinto vs. Fernandez, G.R. No. L-1278, January 21, 1949
● Vera vs. People, G. R. No. L-18184, January 31, 1963
● Cristobal vs. Labrador, G.R. No. 47941, December 07, 1940
● Monsanto vs. Factoran, G.R. No. 78239, February 09, 1989
T.
● Torres vs. Gonzales, G.R. No. 76872, July 23, 1987
● Risos-Vidal vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 206666, January 21, 2015
ES

6. Commander-in-Chief
Relevant Cases:
● Integrated Bar Of Philippines vs. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August 15,
2000
● Ampatuan vs. Puno, G.R. No. 190259, June 07, 2011
IG

● Sanlakas vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 159085, February 03, 2004
● Fortun vs. Macapagal-Arroyo, G.R. No. 190293, March 20, 2012
● Lagman vs. Medialdea, G.R. No. 231658, July 04, 2017
● Padilla vs. Congress Of Philippines, G.R. No. 231671, July 25, 2017
D

● Olaguer vs. Military Commission, G.R. Nos. 54558; 69882, May 22,
1987
● Navales vs. Abaya, G.R. Nos. 162318 & 162341, October 25, 2004
● In Re: Writ Of Habeas Corpus For Reynaldo De Villa Reynaldo De Villa
vs. Director, G.R. No. 158802, November 17, 2004
● General vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 198554, July 30, 2012

7. Emergency Powers
Relevant Cases: David vs. Arroyo, G.R. NO. 171396, May 03, 2006

8. Contracting and guaranteeing foreign loans

Relevant Cases: Spouses Constantino vs. Cuisia, G.R. NO. 106064, October
13, 2005

12
 9. Foreign Affairs
Relevant Cases:
● Nicolas vs. Romulo, G.R. No. 175888, February 11, 2009
● Commissioner Of Customs vs. Eastern Sea Trading, G.R. No. L-14279,
October 31, 1961
● Go Tek vs. Deportation Board, G.R.No. L-23846, September 09, 1977

10. Legislation
i. Address Congress
ii. Preparation and Submission
iii. Veto Power
iv. Emergency Powers

PH
11. Immunity from Suit
Relevant Cases:
● Soliven vs. Makasiar, G.R. No. 82585, November 14, 1988
● Gloria vs. CA, G.R. No. 119903, August 15, 2000
T.
C. Vice President
1. Qualifications, election, term and oath
2. Privileges and salary
ES

3. Prohibitions
4. Succession

ARTICLE 8 - JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT

IG

A. Judicial Power

B. The Supreme Court

D

1. Composition

2. Mode of Sitting
Relevant Case: People vs. Gacott, G.R. No. 116049, July 13, 1995

3. Appointments and qualifications

Relevant Case: Kilosbayan vs. Ermita, G.R. NO. 177721, July 03, 2007

4. No non-judicial work judges

Relevant Cases:
● Meralco vs. vs. Pasay Transportation, G. R. No. 37878, November 25,
1932
● Garcia vs. Macaraig, Adm. Case No. 198-J, May 31, 1971

13
 5. Salary
Relevant Case: Nitafan vs. Commissioner Of Internal Revenue, G.R. No.
78780, July 23, 1987

6. Tenure

7. Removal
Relevant Case: In Re: Gonzales, Adm. Matter No. 88-4-5433, April 15, 1988

8. Fiscal Autonomy
Relevant Cases:
● Re: COA Opinion On Computation Of Appraised Value Of Properties
Purchased By Supreme Court Justices, A.M. No. 11-7-10-SC, July 31,

PH
2012
● Re: In The Matter Of Clarification Of Exemption From Payment Of All
Court And Sheriff's Fees Of Cooperatives Duly Registered In
Accordance With Republic Act No. 9520 Otherwise Known As The
Philippine Cooperative Code Of 2008, Perpetual Help Community
Cooperative (phcci), Petitioner,, A.m. No. 12-2-03-0, March 13, 2012
T.
9. Jurisdiction
Relevant Case: Felipe vs. Leuterio, G.R. No. L-4606, May 30, 1952
ES

10. Deliberations
Relevant Cases:
● Prudential Bank vs. Castro, A.C. No. 2756, March 15, 1988
● Consing vs. CA, G.R. No. 78272, August 29, 1989
IG

● In Re Production Of Court Records And Documents And The

Attendance Of Court Officials & Employees, Notice, February 14, 2012

11. Voting
D

Relevant Case: Cruz vs. Denr, G.R. No. 135385, December 06, 2000

12. Requirements as to decisions

Relevant Cases:
● Miguel vs. JCT Group, G.R. NO. 157752, March 16, 2005
● Nunal vs. COA, G.R. No. 78648, January 24, 1989
● People vs. Bugarin, 110817-22, June 13, 1997
● Hernandez vs. CA, G.R. No. 104874, December 14, 1993
● Yao vs. CA, G.R. No. 132428, October 24, 2000

13. Petition for Review . Motion for Reconsideration

Relevant Cases:
● Tichangco vs. Enriquez, G.R. No. 150629, June 30, 2004

14
 ● Martinez vs. CA, G.R. No. 123547, May 21, 2001

14. Periods for deciding cases

Relevant Cases:
● Re: Problem Of Delays In Cases Before Sandiganbayan., A.M. No.
00-8-05-SC, January 31, 2003
● OCA vs. Fuentes III, A.M. No. RTJ-13-2342, March 06, 2013

C. President Electoral Tribunal

Relevant Case: Macalintal vs. PET, G.R. No. 191618, June 01, 2011

D. Administrative powers
1. Supervision of lower courts

PH
2. Temporarily assign judges to other stations in public interest
3. Order a change of venue or place of trial to avoid miscarriage of justice
4. Appointment of officials and employees of entire judiciary
5. Promulgate rules concerning the enforcement and protection of
constitutional rights
6. Promulgate Rules Concerning Pleading, Practice and Procedure
T.
7. Admission to the Practice of Law
8. Integration of the Bar
9. Legal Assistance to the Underprivileged
ES

i. Report on the Judiciary

Relevant Cases:
● In Re: Demetria, A.M. No. 00-7-09-CA, March 27, 2001
● Caoibes vs. Ombudsman, G.R. No. 132177, July 19, 2001
IG

● Re: Conrado Vasquez, Jr., A.M. No. 08-8-11-CA, September 09, 2008
● People vs. Pilotin, G.R. Nos. L-35377-78, July 31, 1975
● Mondiguing vs. Abad, G.R. No. L-41313, November 06, 1975
● People vs. Sola, G.R. No. 56158-64, March 17, 1981
D

● In The Matter Of The Petition For The Writ Of Amparo And Habeas Data In
Favor Of Rodriguez, G.R. Nos. 191805 & 193160, November 15, 2011
● Dolot vs. Paje, G.R. No. 199199, August 27, 2013
● Caram vs. Segui, G.R. No. 193652, August 05, 2014
● Zaldivar vs. Gonzales, G.R. Nos. 79690-707, October 07, 1988
● Baguio Market Vendors vs. Cabato-cortes, G.R. No. 165922, February 26,
2010
● Aguirre vs. Rana, B. M. No. 1036, June 10, 2003
● In Re: Ong, A.M. No. SB-14-21-J [Formerly A.M. No. 13-10-06-SB], September
23, 2014
● Zoleta vs. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 185224, July 29, 2015
● In Matter Of Ibp Membership Dues Delinquency Of Atty. Marcial A. Edillon,
A.C. No. 1928, December 19, 1980

15
 ● In Matter Of Inquiry Into 1989 Elections Of Integrated Bar Of Philippines., Bar
Matter No. 491, October 06, 1989

E. Lower Courts
1. Qualification and appointment
2. Tenure

Relevant Case: De La Llana vs. Alba, G.R. No. 57883, March 12, 1982

F. The Judicial and Bar Council

Relevant Cases:
● Chavez vs. JBC, G.R. No. 202242, April 16, 2013
● Jardeleza vs. Sereno, G.R. No. 213181, August 19, 2014

PH
● Villanueva vs. Judicial And Bar Council, G.R. No. 211833, April 07, 2015
● Aguinaldo vs. Aquino, G.R. No. 224302, November 29, 2016

G. Automatic release of appropriation for the judiciary

Relevant Case: Bengzon vs. Drilon, G.R. No. 103524, A.M. No. 91-8-225-CA, April 15,
1992
T.
ARTICLE 9 - CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSIONS
ES

A. Commission on Elections
Relevant Case: Legaspi vs. Comelec, G.R. No. 216572, April 19, 2016

B. Civil Service Commission

IG

Relevant Case: Trade And Investment Development vs. Csc, G.R. No. 182249, March
05, 2013

C. Commission on Audit
D

Relevant Cases:
● Gaminde vs. Coa, G. R. No. 140335, December 13, 2000
● DBP vs. COA, G.R. No. 88435, January 16, 2002
● Special Audit Team, Commission On Audit vs. CA, G.R. No. 174788,
April 11, 2013

D. Constitutional Safeguards to Ensure Independence

E. Common Provisions
F. Powers, Functions, and Jurisdiction
G. Composition and Qualifications of Members
H. Prohibited Offices and Interests
I. Judicial Review of Final Orders, Resolutions, and Decisions
J. Rendered in the Exercise of Quasi-Judicial Functions
K. Rendered in the Exercise of Administrative Functions

16
Other Relevant Cases:
● De Los Santos vs. Mallare, G.R. No. L-3881, August 31, 1950
● Secretary Of Justice vs. Bacal, G.R. No. 139382, December 06, 2000
● Buklod Ng Kawaning EIIB vs. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 142801-802, July
10, 2001
● Flores vs. Drilon, G.R. No. 104732, June 22, 1993
● Funa vs. Manila Economic And Cultural Office, G.R. No. 193462, February
04, 2014
● Goh vs. Bayron, G.R. No. 212584, November 25, 2014
● Funa vs. Civil Service Commission, G.R. No. 191672, November 25, 2014
● Funa vs. Coa, G.R. No. 192791, April 24, 2012
● Career Executive Service Board vs. Civil Service Commission, G.R. No. 197762, March

PH
07, 2017
● Civil Service Commission vs. Department Of Budget And Management, G.R. NO.
158791, February 10, 2006
● Philippine Association Of Detective And Protective Agency Operators vs.
Commission On Elections, G.R. No. 223505, October 03, 2017
● Binga Hydroelectric Plant vs. Coa, G.R. No. 218721, July 10, 2018
T.
● Department Of Foreign Affairs vs. Commission On Audit, G.R. No. 194530, July 07,
2020
● Madera vs. Commission On Audit, G.R. No. 244128, September 08, 2020
ES

● Star Special Corporate Security Management, Inc. vs. Commission On Audit, G.R. No.
225366, September 01, 2020
● Boy Scouts vs. Coa, G.R. No. 177131, June 07, 2011

ARTICLE 10 - LOCAL GOVERNMENT

IG

ARTICLE 11 - ACCOUNTABILITY OF PUBLIC OFFICERS

D

ARTICLE 12 - NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY

A. Regalian Doctrine
Relevant Cases:
● Ocampo vs. Macapagal-arroyo, G.R. No. 182734, January 10, 2023
● Resident Marine Mammals Of Protected Seascape Tanon Strait vs. Secretary
Angelo Reyes, G.R. No. 180771, April 21, 2015

B. Public Trust Doctrine

Relevant Case: Maynilad Water Services, Inc. vs. Secretary Of The Department Of
Environment And Natural Resources, G.R. Nos. 202897, 206823 & 207969, August
06, 2019

17
C. New Public Services Act

D. Nationalist and Citizenship Requirement Provisions

Relevant Cases:
● Heirs Of Gamboa vs. Teves, G.R. No. 176579, October 09, 2012
● Roy vs. Herbosa, G.R. No. 207246, November 22, 2016
● Manila International Ports Terminal, Inc. vs. Philippine Ports Authority, G.R.
Nos. 196199 & 196252, December 07, 2021
● Associated Communications vs. Ntc, G.R. No. 144109, February 17, 2003
● Metropolitan Cebu Water District (mcwd) vs. Adala, G.R. NO. 168914, July 04,
2007
● Board Of Medicine vs. Ota, G.R. No. 166097, July 14, 2008

PH
● Philippine Contractors Accreditation Board vs. Manila Water Co., Inc., G.R. No.
217590, March 10, 2020

E. Exploration, Development, and Utilization of Natural Resources

Relevant Cases:
● La Bugal-b’laan Tribal Association vs. Victor O. Ramos, G.R. No. 127882,
T.
January 27, 2004
● Republic vs. National Commission On Indigenous Peoples, G.R. No. 208480,
September 25, 2019
ES

● Ideals vs. Psalm, G.R. No. 192088, October 09, 2012

● Narra Nickel vs. Redmont Consolidated, G.R. No. 195580, January 28, 2015

F. Acquisition, Ownership, and Transfer of Public and Private Lands

Relevant Cases:
IG

● Hulst vs. Pr Builders, Inc., G.R. No. 156364, September 25, 2008
● Simundac-keppel vs. Keppel, G.R. No. 202039, August 14, 2019
D

18