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SAT Math F Lecture 1 Upd

This document provides a comprehensive guide to understanding and solving linear equations, including definitions, steps for solving, and examples. It covers identifying linear equations, using inverse operations, translating word problems, understanding slope and y-intercept, and real-world applications. Additionally, it explains how to find slope from two points and describes the characteristics of different types of slopes in graphs.

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3 views7 pages

SAT Math F Lecture 1 Upd

This document provides a comprehensive guide to understanding and solving linear equations, including definitions, steps for solving, and examples. It covers identifying linear equations, using inverse operations, translating word problems, understanding slope and y-intercept, and real-world applications. Additionally, it explains how to find slope from two points and describes the characteristics of different types of slopes in graphs.

Uploaded by

linda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linear Equations: Step-by-Step Learning and Practice

A linear equation is a math statement that says two expressions are equal, and the
highest power of any variable is 1. We use linear equations to solve problems and
model real situations, like tracking time, temperature, or money.

To solve a linear equation:


1.​ Eliminate any fractions.
2.​ Collect and combine like terms.
3.​ Use inverse operations to isolate the variable.
4.​ Do the same thing to both sides to keep the equation balanced.

Section 1: Identifying Linear Equations

A linear equation is an equation where the variable has the highest power of 1.
Example 1:​
𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 5 → This is linear.

Example 2:​
3𝑥 − 4 = 10 → This is linear.

Example 3:​
𝑦 = 7 → This is linear.

Non-examples:​
2
𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1 (highest power is 2, not linear)​
𝑥
𝑦 = 2 (exponent is a variable, not linear)

Which of these is a linear equation?


​
a) 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 2​
2
b) 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 1​
𝑥
c) 𝑦 = 2 ​
1
d) 𝑦 = 𝑥
Section 2: Using Inverse Operations

To solve for a variable, use the opposite operation (inverse operation) to “undo”
what has been done to it.

Addition/Subtraction Examples:

●​ Example 1: 𝑥 + 4 = 9 → Subtract 4 from both sides: 𝑥 = 5


●​ Example 2: 𝑦 − 6 = 3 → Add 6 to both sides: 𝑦 = 9
●​ Example 3: 𝑛 + 12 = 20 → Subtract 12 from both sides: 𝑛 = 8

Multiplication/Division Examples:

𝑥
●​ Example 1: 5
= 7 → Multiply both sides by 5: 𝑥 = 35
●​ Example 2: 4𝑦 = 16 → Divide both sides by 4: 𝑦 = 4
𝑛
●​ Example 3: 2
= 10 → Multiply both sides by 2: 𝑛 = 20

What is the inverse operation of multiplication?

a) Addition​
b) Subtraction​
c) Division​
d) Multiplication

Section 3: Steps to Solve Linear Equations


Follow these steps to solve for the variable.
Example 1:​
𝑥 + 7 = 12​
Subtract 7 from both sides: 𝑥 = 5
Example 2:​
5𝑥 = 20​
Divide both sides by 5: 𝑥 = 4

Example 3:​
𝑦 − 8 = 2​
Add 8 to both sides: 𝑦 = 10

​
Solve 𝑥 − 6 = 13. Show your steps.

Section 4: Solving Equations with Fractions


First, get rid of fractions by multiplying both sides by the denominator.
Example 1:​
𝑥
3
= 7​
Multiply both sides by 3: 𝑥 = 21
Example 2:​
𝑦
4
= 2​
Multiply both sides by 4: 𝑦 = 8
Example 3:​
𝑛
6
= 5​
Multiply both sides by 6: 𝑛 = 30

𝑥
Solve 5
= 9. Show your steps.
Section 5: Translating Word Problems into Equations

Use keywords to build equations:

●​ "is," "equals" means =


●​ "sum," "plus," "increased by" means +
●​ "difference," "minus," "decreased by" means -
●​ "product," "times" means ×
●​ "divided by," "per" means ÷

Example 1:​
"The sum of a number and 8 is 20."​
Equation: 𝑥 + 8 = 20

Example 2:​
"Three times a number is 27."​
Equation: 3𝑥 = 27

Example 3:​
"A number divided by 2 is 6."​
𝑥
Equation: 2
= 6​

Translate: "Twice a number minus 5 is 9."


​

Write the equation: _______________

Section 6: Understanding Slope and Y-Intercept


The slope-intercept form is 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏:

●​ 𝑚 is the slope
●​ 𝑏 is the y-intercept

Example 1:​
In 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 3, slope is 4, y-intercept is -3.

Example 2:​
In 𝑦 = − 2𝑥 + 7, slope is -2, y-intercept is 7.

Example 3:​
In 𝑦 = 5𝑥, slope is 5, y-intercept is 0.

What is the slope and y-intercept in 𝑦 = 7𝑥 − 1?

​
Slope: ________​
Y-intercept: ________

Section 7: Finding Slope from Two Points


𝑦2 − 𝑦1
Slope formula: 𝑚 = 𝑥2 − 𝑥1

Example 1:​
Points: (1, 2) and (5, 10)​
10 − 2 8
𝑚 = 5−1
= 4
= 2

Example 2:​
Points: (2, 3) and (6, 11)​
11 − 3 8
𝑚 = 6−2
= 4
= 2
Example 3:​
Points: (0, 0) and (4, 8)​
8−0 8
𝑚 = 4−0
= 4
= 2

What is the slope between (3, 7) and (7, 15)?

Section 8: Real-World Linear Equations

Linear equations can model things like cost, distance, or temperature.

Example 1:​
If you earn $10 per hour, total pay 𝑃 = 10ℎ, where ℎ his hours worked.

Example 2:​
If a taxi ride costs 3 𝑝𝑙𝑢𝑠 2 per mile, cost 𝐶 = 2𝑚 + 3, where 𝑚 is miles
traveled.

Example 3:​
If a movie ticket costs $8 each, total price 𝑇 = 8𝑛, where 𝑛 is the number of
tickets.

Write an equation for the cost 𝐶 if each ticket costs $5 and you buy 𝑡 tickets.
Section 9: Graphs and Slopes

●​ Positive slope: line goes up (left to right)


●​ Negative slope: line goes down
●​ Zero slope: horizontal line
●​ Undefined slope: vertical line

Example 1:​
𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 1 is a line with positive slope (goes up).

Example 2:​
𝑦 = − 3𝑥 is a line with negative slope (goes down).

Example 3:​
𝑦 = 0 is a horizontal line (zero slope).
​

What kind of line is 𝑥 = 4? (Choose: horizontal, vertical, diagonal) Show a


rough sketch of the graph.

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