0

Exam 201-450
LPIC-2 Exam 201 Part 1 of 2 version 4.5
Version: 9.0

[ Total Questions: 161 ]

spends in the state of wa?

Tasks: 193 total, 1 running, 190 sleeping, 2 stopped, 0 zombie

Cpu(s): 0.5%us, 0.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 98.2%id, 1.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st

A. Processes waiting for user interaction.

B. Processes that were already closed and are waiting to be launched again.

C. Processes that have not been scheduled yet because they haven't been fully loaded into RAM or are in

swap.

D. Processes waiting for IO operations to complete.

Answer: D

2. When is historical data of resource usage important? (Select THREE correct answers.)

A. Predicting when resources will need to be increased.

B. Selecting a computer vendor.

C. Identifying processes killed during out of memory occurrences.

D. Diagnosing capacity problems.

E. Troubleshooting a software problem.

Answer: ADE

3. Which of the following is a side effect of extensive usage of swap space?

A. The root filesystem may become full because swap space is always located on the system root partition.

B. The overall system performance may degrade because of heavy hard disk use and memory

reorganization.

C. Since processes always exist completely in either RAM or swap, regular RAM may become unused if the

kernel does not move processes back from the swap space to memory.

D. The memory may become fragmented and slow down the access to memory pages. However, this can

be kept to a minimum by the regular use of memfrag -d.

E. Applications need to restart because their virtual memory addresses change to reflect memory relocation

to the swap address area.

Answer: B

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4. Which commands below are useful to collect data about remote filesystem connections? (Choose TWO

correct answers.)

A. pidstat

B. nfsiostat

C. sadf

D. cifsiostat

Answer: BD

5. Which command will report information on memory usage, paging and block input/output?

A. free

B. memshow

C. ps

D. top

E. vmstat

Answer: E

6. What mechanism does collectd use to gather monitoring information on systems?

A. It uses a library of plugins.

B. A master server connects to a collectd service on each machine to retrieve the information.

C. It collects its own information on each server and sends that to a master server.

D. It makes SNMP queries to the clients being monitored.

Answer: A

7. In the following output, what percentage of time was the CPU waiting for pending I/O?

# vmstat 1 100

procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- ----cpu----

r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa

0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 100 0

0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1007 359 0 0 100 0

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0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1117 577 0 0 100 0

0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1007 366 0 0 100 0

A. 0

B. 100

C. 35.9

D. 57.7

E. 36.6

Answer: A

8. When planning a web server which of the following choices will impact system sizing? (Choose THREE

correct answers.)

A. How many concurrent users are expected.

B. Which hardware vendor has better Linux support.

C. What type of content will be served.

D. What scripting languages will the web server support.

E. Will the OS install be CD, DVD or network based.

Answer: ACD

9. In this example output, which descriptions match the purpose of the free, buff and cache columns?

(Choose THREE correct answers.)

# vmstat 1 100

procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- ----cpu----

r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa

0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 100 0

0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1007 359 0 0 100 0

0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1117 577 0 0 100 0

0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1007 366 0 0 100 0

A. Used swap space

B. RAM available for filesystem buffers

C. Available free RAM

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D. RAM used for buffers

E. RAM used for filesystem cache

Answer: CDE

10. Which of the following commands will provide the PIDs of the processes sorted by which are using the

most CPU cycles on the Linux system?

A. top

B. uptime

C. ps aux

D. vmstat

E. freemem

Answer: A

11. In the below example output, which columns detail the percent of time the CPU spent running

non-kernel code and the percent of time the CPU spent running kernel code? (Choose TWO correct

answers.)

# vmstat 1 100

procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- ----cpu----

r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa

0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 100 0

0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1007 359 0 0 100 0

0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1117 577 0 0 100 0

0 0 0 282120 134108 5797012 0 0 0 0 1007 366 0 0 100 0

A. id

B. us

C. wa

D. sy

Answer: BD

12. What option in the collectd configuration file is required in order to define what to start monitoring?

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A. LoadModule

B. Module

C. Plugin

D. LoadPlugin

Answer: D

13. In capacity planning exercises, which tools assist in listing and identifying processes of interest?

(Choose TWO correct answers.)

A. acpid

B. lsof

C. pstree

D. telinit

Answer: BC

14. In the following output, what is the 5 minute load average for the system?

# uptime

12:10:05 up 18 days, 19:00, 2 users, load average: 0.47, 24.71, 35.31

A. 0.47

B. 24.71

C. 35.31

D. There is no 5 minute interval. It is some value between 0.47 and 24.71.

E. There is no 5 minute interval. It is some value between 24.71 and 35.31.

Answer: B

15. In the following output, the load averages represent the system load averages for what time frames?

12:10:05 up 18 days, 19:00, 2 users, load average: 0.47, 24.71, 35.31

A. 1, 5 and 15 minutes

B. 1, 15 and 30 minutes

C. 1, 15, and 30 seconds

D. 15, 30 and 60 minutes

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E. 15, 30 and 60 seconds

Answer: A

16. Which of the following tools are used to measure memory usage? (Choose THREE correct answers.)

A. mpstat

B. pstree

C. sar

D. top

E. vmstat

Answer: CDE

17. Which command is used to unload a single module currently loaded by the kernel without unloading any

modules that it depends upon? (Specify the command with or without path information)

Answer:

rmmod, /sbin/rmmod

18. Which commands are used to load modules into the Linux kernel? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

A. insmod

B. loadmod

C. kernload

D. modprobe

E. probemod

Answer: AD

19. How is the source code for the main Linux kernel modules distributed?

A. It is included with the Linux kernel source code.

B. The kernel modules are downloaded on demand as they are used during compilation.

C. The kernel modules have their own release cycle and can be maintained separately from the Linux

kernel source.

D. It is provided as a separate download alongside the Linux kernel source code of the same version.

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Answer: A

20. A database application requires a maximum shared memory segment (shmmax) of 2GB (2147483648

Bytes). Which configuration file should be modified to set this kernel parameter permanently? (Specify the

full name of the file, including path.)

Answer:

/etc/sysctl.conf

21. Which directory contains the system-specific udev rule files? (Specify the absolute path including the

directory name)

Answer:

/etc/udev/rules.d, /etc/udev/rules.d/

22. On a server running the 3.4.50-11 Linux kernel, which file in the /boot directory contains the kernel

configuration parameters?

A. config-linux-3.4.50-11

B. config-3.4.50-11

C. system-3.4.50-11

D. vmlinuz-3.4.50-11

E. rc.config-3.4.50-11

Answer: B

23. According to the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS), what is the path to the Linux kernel source and

may be a symbolic link to the real Linux source code? (Please specify the full path with no version

information.)

Answer:

/usr/src/linux, /usr/src/linux/

24. What is the correct parameter to pass to the kernel at boot time to force it to use only one of the

available processors?

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A. maxcpus=1

B. usecpus=1

C. smpcpus=1

D. vcpumx=1

Answer: A

25. What is the purpose of the command udevadm monitor?

A. It listens to kernel events produced by a udev rule and print information to the console.

B. It monitors the /dev directory for new devices.

C. It monitors the udev process and prints performance statistics to the console.

D. It communicates with D-Bus to setup new devices.

Answer: A

26. A new kernel version needs to be compiled to use a new feature. If the old kernel configuration file is

available, which make target creates a configuration file for the new kernel based on the configuration of the

old kernel?

Answer:

oldconfig, make oldconfig

27. How can the kernel parameter for the maximum size of the shared memory segment (shmmax) be

changed to 2GB (2147483648 Bytes) on a running system? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

A. Edit /etc/shmmax and set the parameter to 2147483648.

B. sysctl shmmax=2147483648

C. sysctl kernel.shmmax=2147483648

D. echo 2147483648 > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax

E. export kernel.shmmax=2147483648

Answer: CD

28. What is a key difference between a zImage and bzImage kernel image?

A. zImage is compressed using gzip, bzImage is compressed using bzip2.

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B. zImage is for 2.6 series kernels, bzImage is for 3.x series kernels.

C. zImage is limited to 64k, bzImage has no such restriction.

D. zImage gets loaded completely into low memory. bzImage will load into high memory once low memory

is full.

Answer: D

29. After configuring a new kernel, what file under /usr/src/linux/ contains the configuration?

Answer:

/usr/src/linux/.config, .config

30. Which archive format is used to create an initramfs image?

A. gzip

B. tar

C. RAR

D. cpio

E. bzip2

Answer: D

31. Which of the following command sequences can be used to extract files contained in a initramfs file

(/boot/initramfs) which is used by the kernel at boot time?

A. cp /boot/initramfs /tmp/initramfs.gz; gzip -c /tmp/initramfs.gz; mkdir /tmp/initramfs.dir ; cd

/tmp/initramfs.dir ; cpio -i < /tmp/initramfs

B. cp /boot/initramfs /tmp/initramfs.gz; gunzip /tmp/initramfs.gz; mkdir /tmp/initramfs.dir ; cd

/tmp/initramfs.dir ; cpio -i < /tmp/initramfs

C. cp /boot/initramfs /tmp/initramfs.gz; gunzip /tmp/initramfs.gz; mount /tmp/initramfs /mnt/ -o loop -t

initramfs

D. cp /boot/initramfs /tmp/initramfs.gz; gunzip /tmp/initramfs.gz; mkdir /tmp/initramfs.dir ; cd

/tmp/initramfs.dir ; cpio -e /tmp/initramfs

E. cp /boot/initramfs /tmp/initramfs.gz; gunzip /tmp/initramfs.gz; mount /tmp/initramfs /mnt/ -o loop -t initrd

Answer: B

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32. After installing a compiled kernel, it can not find any modules that are needed to be loaded. What make

target was likely missed while installing the kernel?

Answer:

make modules_install, modules_install

33. Which of the following terms are used to describe 3.x kernel releases? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

A. beta

B. final

C. longterm

D. prerelease

E. stable

Answer: CE

34. What information does the file modules.dep provide?

A. A list of all modules, compiled or not, that are available to the kernel.

B. A list of modules trusted by the installed kernel.

C. A list of devices and their module name.

D. A list of all compiled modules and their dependencies.

E. A list of modules the kernel needs to run.

Answer: D

35. Which keyword is used in the /etc/inittab file to define the SysV-init default system runlevel?

Answer:

initdefault

36. What happens if the Linux kernel can't mount the root filesystem when booting?

A. An error message is shown and the administrator is asked by the kernel to specify a valid root filesystem

to continue the boot process.

B. An error message is shown and the system reboots after a keypress.

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C. An error message is shown and the system boots in maintenance mode.

D. An error message is shown showing which device couldn't be mounted or informing that init couldn't be

found.

E. An error message is shown stating that the corresponding kernel module couldn't be loaded.

Answer: D

37. Which file tells GRUB the paths of the filesystem partitions in both Linux format and in the GRUB syntax?

(Specify the file name only with no path information)

Answer:

device.map

38. Which command is used to install a new LILO boot loader?

A. lilo

B. lilo-config

C. lilo-install

D. install-lilo

Answer: A

39. Which option to the update-rc.d command will cause the removal of all symlinks to /etc/rcX.d/*test2

even when the script /etc/init.d/test2 still exists?

A. -d

B. -f

C. -n

D. -r

Answer: B

40. Please enter the complete path to the main SysV init process configuration file.

Answer:

/etc/inittab

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41. A Linux server is running in single user mode for regular maintenance. Which commands are used to

restore the server to its usual runlevel? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

A. telinit 0

B. shutdown -r now

C. sync

D. shutdown -h now

E. reboot

Answer: BE

42. A server requires a GRUB2 boot option which will always boot to runlevel 1. Which line of a GRUB2

configuration file starts the beginning of the settings needed to make this new choice available?

A. initrd

B. linux

C. menuentry

D. runlevel

Answer: B

43. In case the file containing the Linux kernel is lost, what happens when the system is booting?

A. The system starts normally since the bootloader copies the kernel to the master boot record of the hard

disk.

B. Instead of the kernel, the initramfs is loaded and instructed to mount the root filesystem and reinstall the

kernel from the original package or from source.

C. The bootloader mounts the root filesystem read-only and launches /bin/sh directly in order to allow the

administrator to reinstall the kernel.

D. Without a kernel a system cannot boot and, depending on the bootloader, an error is displayed.

Answer: D

44. Where is the LILO boot loader code typically installed on a system with only a single Linux installation

and no other operating systems?

A. In the master boot record.

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B. In the boot sector.

C. In the /boot directory.

D. At the start of the kernel.

Answer: A

45. What is the full path to the directory which contains the scripts (or links to the original scripts) to run

while the system boots to SysV-init runlevel 2?

Answer:

/etc/rc2.d, /etc/rc2.d/, /etc/init.d/rc2.d, /etc/init.d/rc2.d/

46. After changing the default runlevel in the SysV-init configuration file, the system boots in a different than

intended runlevel. Where else could this different runlevel be defined?

A. In the /etc/sysctl.conf

B. In the boot loader configuration file

C. In the /etc/runlevel file

D. In the /boot/initramfs file

E. In the /etc/rc.d/rc.local file

Answer: B

47. A system with SysV-init has a service installed called apache2. Which file controls the start and stop of

this service and is referenced by the various runlevel directories?

A. /etc/init.d/apache2

B. /etc/rc2.d/70apache2

C. /etc/rc2.d/apache2

D. /etc/rc2.d/apache2.start

Answer: A

48. Why is the root file system mounted read-only during boot and remounted with write permission later

on?

A. Because if problems with the root file system are detected during the boot, fsck can be run, without risk

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of damage.

B. Because this way crackers cannot collect information about root with boot sniffers.

C. To avoid writing to the disk, unless the root password is known.

D. To avoid other operating systems overwriting the Linux root partition.

E. Because the disk has its own write protection that cannot be changed by the operating system.

Answer: A

49. If all of the following files and/or symlinks exist in a SysV-init runlevel directory, which of the following

will be executed first when booting the system directly into the runlevel?

A. S99lpi

B. K99lpi

C. PRE-S99lpi

D. S98lpi

E. S99a-lpi

Answer: D

50. What are the main network services used by the PXE protocol? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

A. DNS

B. DHCP

C. HTTP

D. TFTP

E. NFS

Answer: BD

51. During booting, when the Linux kernel loads an initramfs file, which command from the initramfs will be

executed first, if present?

A. /init

B. /initrd

C. /linuxrc

D. /rc.local

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E. /sbin/init

Answer: A

52. What is the functionality that PXE provides?

A. The ability to boot a computer using its network interface.

B. The ability to launch an remote X11 desktop on a computer.

C. The ability to verify a system's configuration after completing the boot process.

D. The ability to verify a system's configuration before completing the boot process.

Answer: A

53. The main configuration file for autofs has this entry:

Answer:

/home /etc/auto.home

54. What is the meaning of the /etc/auto.home file?

A. It has the indirect maps for the mounting of file systems.

B. It has configuration information, such as passwords and keys, for the remote file server.

C. It has configuration information on settings for the /home mount point.

D. It is the holds the SSL key to allow authentication to the remote file server.

Answer: A

54. What is the purpose of the smartd daemon?

A. It is a user space daemon used for reading smart cards and integrated circuit chips.

B. It attempts to automatically repair file systems upon a failed file system check.

C. It monitors process activity and helps the kernel decide which processes to kill when the kernel

overcommits.

D. It monitors certain disk drives and attempts to predict when they will fail.

Answer: D

55. What keyword is missing in the following line from /etc/fstab in order to make a USB flash device

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writeable by the user fred when mounted:

/dev/sda1 /mnt/usbflash vfat defaults,users, _____ =fred,umask=022, 0 0 (Provide the option name only

without any settings)

Answer:

uid

56. How can the label root be added to the ext2 filesystem on /dev/sda1?

A. relabel /dev/sda1 root

B. tune2fs -L root /dev/sda1

C. echo 'root' > /proc/fs/sda1/label

D. labelfs --device /dev/sda1 root

Answer: B

57. Which of the following are common Linux filesystem types used for root partitions? (Choose THREE

correct answers.)

A. ext4

B. VFAT

C. NTFS

D. XFS

E. Btrfs

Answer: ADE

58. Due to extreme system use, a Linux system requires some additional swap space. To initialize 5GB of

additional swap space, which combination of commands should be used?

A. dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/swapfile bs=1024 count=5120000; mkswap /tmp/swapfile; mount /tmp/swapfile

B. dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/swapfile bs=1024 count=5120000; swapon /tmp/swapfile

C. dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/swapfile bs=1024 count=5120000; mkswap /tmp/swapfile; swapon/tmp/swapfile

D. touch -5G /tmp/swapfile; swapon /tmp/swapfile

E. mkswap /tmp/swapfile 512000; swapon /tmp/swapfile

Answer: C

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59. Which of the following best describes the format of the /etc/fstab file?

A. device name; filesystem type; mount point; mount options; dump filesystem; fsck order

B. device name; mount point; filesystem type; mount options; dump filesystem; fsck order

C. device name; mount point; mount options; filesystem type; dump filesystem; fsck order

D. mount point; filesystem type; device name; mount options; dump filesystem; fsck order

E. mount point; device name; filesystem type; mount options; dump filesystem; fsck order

Answer: B

60. Which command turns an existing ext2 filesystem non-destructively into an ext3 filesystem? (Specify

ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)

Answer:

/sbin/tune2fs, tune2fs

61. After a lot of write operations, the administrator want to ensure that the kernel flushes the file system

buffers to disk. Which command will accomplish this? (Specify ONLY the command without any path or

parameters.)

Answer:

sync

62. What component of a system does smartd monitor?

A. CPU

B. RAM

C. Hard drives

D. Ethernet traffic

Answer: C

63. Which files are updated as devices are mounted and unmounted to provide information on the currently

mounted devices and the options used? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

A. /proc/dtab

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B. /etc/mtab

C. /etc/fstab

D. /proc/mounts

E. /proc/devices

Answer: BD

64. What is the main template file used by autofs?

A. default.maps

B. auto.conf

C. auto.master

D. autofs.master

Answer: C

65. Which directory in /dev/disk/ can be used to determine the UUID of a connected hard disk?

Answer:

/dev/disk/by-uuid, by-uuid, /dev/disk/by-uuid/

66. What does a 0 in the last field (fsck order) of /etc/fstab indicate about the filesystem?

A. The filesystem should be checked before filesystems with higher values.

B. The filesystem should be checked after filesystems with higher values.

C. The filesystem check counter is ignored.

D. The filesystem has been disabled from being checked and mounted on the system.

E. The filesystem does not require an fsck check when being mounted.

Answer: E

67. Which of the following is a CD-ROM filesystem standard?

A. OSI9660

B. ISO9660

C. SR0FS

D. ISO8859

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E. ROM-EO

Answer: B

68. Consider the following /etc/fstab file:

/dev/hda1 swap swap defaults 0 0

/dev/hda2 / ext2 defaults 1 1

/dev/hda3 /home ext2 defaults 1 2

none /proc proc defaults 0 0

/dev/sdb1 /media/usb0 vfat user,noauto 0 0

What is one of the possible commands that an ordinary (non-root) user can use to mount the /dev/sdb1

partition on the /media/usb0 mount point? (Please enter the command with all parameters and/or options

but without any file system type options.)

Answer:

mount /dev/sdb1, mount /media/usb0, /bin/mount /dev/sdb1, /bin/mount /media/usb0, mount /media/usb0/,

/bin/mount /media/usb0/

69. Where would fsck put any unreferenced file or file fragments on a ext4 filesystem?

A. recover

B. lost+found

C. back

D. lost

Answer: B

70. Which command is used to create a ISO9660 filesystem? (Specify ONLY the command without any

path or parameters.)

Answer:

mkisofs, genisoimage

71. The main configuration file for autofs has this entry:

/home /etc/auto.home

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What is the meaning of the /etc/auto.home file?

A. It has the indirect maps for the mounting of file systems.

B. It has configuration information, such as passwords and keys, for the remote file server.

C. It has configuration information on settings for the /home mount point.

D. It is the holds the SSL key to allow authentication to the remote file server.

Answer: A

72. Which file in /proc contains information on the status of local software RAID devices?

A. /proc/raidstat

B. /proc/mdstat

C. /proc/raidstatus

D. /proc/mdstatus

E. /proc/raid/status

Answer: B

73. The correct command sequence to create and mount logical volumes on a Linux system is:

A. lvcreate, pvcreate, vgcreate, mkfs, mount

B. pvcreate, vgcreate, lvcreate, mkfs, mount

C. vgcreate, lvcreate, pvcreate, mount, mkfs

D. mkfs, pvcreate, vgcreate, lvcreate, mount

E. pvcreate, lvcreate, vgcreate, mkfs, mount

Answer: B

74. Where would fsck put any unreferenced file or file fragments on a ext4 filesystem?

A. recover

B. lost+found

C. back

D. lost

Answer: B

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75. What is the minimum number of disks required in a fully redundant RAID5 array?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

E. 5

Answer: C

76. Which directory in /dev/disk/ can be used to determine the UUID of a connected hard disk?

Answer:

/dev/disk/by-uuid, by-uuid, /dev/disk/by-uuid/

77. A system has one hard disk and one CD writer which are both connected to SATA controllers. Which

device represents the CD writer?

A. /dev/hdb

B. /dev/sdd

C. /dev/scd1

D. /dev/sr0

E. /dev/sr1

Answer: D

78. What mount option must be used in /etc/fstab when mounting an iSCSI target?

A. _santarget

B. iscsi

C. waitiscsi

D. _netdev

Answer: D

79. How can the label root be added to the ext4 filesystem on /dev/sda1?

A. relabel /dev/sda1 root

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B. tune2fs -L root /dev/sda1

C. echo 'root' > /proc/fs/sda1/label

D. labelfs --device /dev/sda1 root

Answer: B

80. What keyword is missing in the following line from /etc/fstab in order to make a USB flash device

writeable by the user fred when mounted:

/dev/sda1 /mnt/usbflash vfat defaults,users, ______ =fred,umask=022, 0 0

(Provide the option name only without any settings)

Answer:

uid

81. Which of the following is a CD-ROM filesystem standard?

A. OSI9660

B. ISO9660

C. SR0FS

D. ISO8859

E. ROM-EO

Answer: B

82. What is the purpose of the command vgextend?

A. Extend a volume group's footprint on disk.

B. Add physical volumes to an existing volume group.

C. Increase the number of days between scheduled error checking.

D. Create a volume group which uses all available space on disk.

Answer: B

83. Which of the following best describes the format of the /etc/fstab file?

A. device name; filesystem type; mount point; mount options; dump filesystem; fsck order

B. device name; mount point; filesystem type; mount options; dump filesystem; fsck order

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C. device name; mount point; mount options; filesystem type; dump filesystem; fsck order

D. mount point; filesystem type; device name; mount options; dump filesystem; fsck order

E. mount point; device name; filesystem type; mount options; dump filesystem; fsck order

Answer: B

84. Due to extreme system use, a Linux system requires some additional swap space. To initialize 5GB of

additional swap space, which combination of commands should be used?

A. dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/swapfile bs=1024 count=5120000; mkswap /tmp/swapfile; mount /tmp/swapfile

B. dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/swapfile bs=1024 count=5120000; swapon /tmp/swapfile

C. dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/swapfile bs=1024 count=5120000; mkswap /tmp/swapfile; swapon/tmp/swapfile

D. touch -5G /tmp/swapfile; swapon /tmp/swapfile

E. mkswap /tmp/swapfile 512000; swapon /tmp/swapfile

Answer: C

85. Which of the following is an example path to a Linux software RAID array?

A. /dev/raid0

B. /dev/rd1

C. /dev/pr0

D. /dev/md1

Answer: D

86. What component of a system does smartd monitor?

A. CPU

B. RAM

C. Hard drives

D. Ethernet traffic

Answer: C

87. What command will remove a physical volume from a volume group? (Specify ONLY the command

without any path or parameters.)

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Answer:

vgreduce, /sbin/vgreduce

88. What command is used to make an exact copy, at a single point in time, of a logical volume for backup

purposes?

A. lvsnap

B. lvsnapshot

C. lvcreate

D. lvcopy

E. lvclone

Answer: C

89. Which single command will simulate a failed device within a RAID 5 array?

A. mdadm --remove /dev/md0 /dev/sdd1

B. mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sdf3

C. mdadm --force-fault /dev/md2 /dev/sde2

D. mdadm --fail /dev/md0 /dev/sdc1

E. mdadm /dev/md0 --offline /dev/sdc1

Answer: D

90. Which of the following commands is used to set up a RAID volume?

A. makerd

B. mdadm

C. mkfs.raid

D. makeraid

E. rdconfig

Answer: B

91. Which RAID level value must be used with Linux software RAID in order to create an array of mirrored

devices?

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A. 1

B. 5

C. 6

D. container

E. mirrorstripe

Answer: A

92. Which two LVM commands are missing from the following sequence which is used to create a logical

volume and make use of it on a Linux system?

pvcreate, _____, ______, mkfs, mount

A. lvcreate, mdadm

B. lvcreate, vgcreate

C. lvmcreate, vgcreate

D. vgcreate, lvcreate

E. vgcreate, mdadm

Answer: D

93. The IDE hard drive /dev/hda does not have DMA enabled. Which command must be run to enable DMA

on it?

A. hdparm -d /dev/hda

B. hdparm --dma /dev/hda

C. hdparm --dma /dev/hda1

D. hdparm -d /dev/hda1

E. hdparm -d 1 /dev/hda

Answer: E

94. What action should be performed after increasing the size of a logical volume?

A. Run vgresize.

B. Increase the size of the filesystem used for the logical volume.

C. Run lvresize.

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D. Remount the logical volume.

Answer: B

95. What are the options to node.startup in the iscsid.conf file? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

A. login

B. initiate

C. manual

D. discover

E. automatic

Answer: C E

96. Under which of the following circumstances would the command ping output the string (DUP!)?

A. When the ICMP packets are send to a broadcast address and multiple hosts respond.

B. When the host being sent ICMP packets is on a different network.

C. When the router responds to the ICMP packet in addition to the host receiving the ICMP packets.

D. When the host sending the ICMP packet is the same host as the one receiving the ICMP packets.

Answer: A

97. Which program lists information about files and network connections opened by processes? (Specify

ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)

Answer:

lsof, /usr/bin/lsof

98. Which of the following commands can be used to script interactions with various TCP or UDP services?

A. ftp

B. nc

C. tcpdump

D. strings

E. wget

Answer: B

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99. Considering the following kernel IP routing table below, which of the following commands must be used

to remove the route to the network 10.10.1.0/24? (Select TWO answers)

Kernel IP routing table

Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface

203.0.113.162 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ppp0

172.16.87.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0

192.168.246.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1

10.10.1.0 192.168.246.11 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1

127.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 lo

0.0.0.0 203.0.113.162 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ppp0

A. ip net delete 10.10.1.0/24 B. route del 10.10.1.0/24

C. route del -net 10.10.1.0/24

D. route del 10.10.1.0/24 gw 192.168.246.11

E. ip route delete 10.10.1.0/24

Answer: CE

100. What should be done after updating the configuration file for syslogd in order to make the changes

become effective? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

A. No action is required, syslogd will notice the updated configuration file after a few minutes.

B. Send the HUP signal to the syslogd process.

C. Restart the syslogd service.

D. Run the command syslogd -u.

Answer: BC

101. A correctly formatted entry has been added to /etc/hosts.deny to prevent certain clients from

connecting to a service but this is having no effect. What could be the cause of this? (Choose TWO correct

answers.)

A. tcpd needs to be sent the HUP signal.

B. The service needs to be restarted.

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C. The machine needs to be restarted.

D. There is a conflicting entry in /etc/hosts.allow.

E. The service does not support tcpwrapper.

Answer: DE

102. What should be done to ensure a client machine uses the recursive nameserver running on the IP

address 192.168.1.1 ? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

A. Add nameserver 192.168.0.1 to /etc/resolv.conf.

B. Run route add nameserver 192.168.0.1.

C. Run ifconfig eth0 nameserver 192.168.0.1.

D. Ensure that the dns service is listed in the hosts entry in the /etc/nsswitch.conf file.

E. Run bind add nameserver 192.168.0.1.

Answer: AD

103. Which of the following filter keywords for tcpdump specify the transfer direction for network packets?

(Choose TWO correct answers.)

A. source

B. src

C. dest

D. src or dst

E. both

Answer: BD

104. A network client has an ethernet interface (eth0) configured with an IP address in the subnet

192.168.0.0/24. This subnet has a router, with the IP address 192.168.0.1, that connects this subnet to the

Internet. What needs to be done on the client to enable it to use the router as its default gateway? (Choose

TWO correct answers.)

A. route add default gw 192.168.0.1 eth0

B. ifconfig eth0 defaultroute 192.168.0.1

C. ip route add default via 192.168.0.1 dev eth0

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D. echo defaultroute 192.168.0.1 >> /etc/resolv.conf

E. route add defaultgw=192.168.0.1 if=eth0

Answer: AC

105. Which /etc/hosts.allow entries will permit access to sshd for users from the 192.168.1.0/24 subnet?

(Choose TWO correct answers.)

A. sshd : 192.168.1. B. sshd : 192.168.1

C. sshd : 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0

D. sshd : 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0

E. sshd : 192.168.1.0

Answer: AD

106. The users of the local network complain that name resolution is not fast enough. Enter the command,

without the path or any options, that shows the time taken to resolve a DNS query.

Answer:

dig, time dig, time host, time nslookup

107. Which command can be used to scan a specified network looking for IP addresses that appear to be in

use?

A. nmap

B. tcpdump

C. ip

D. netscan

E. hostdiscover

Answer: A

108. Which of the following commands will list the IPv4 neighbors of the current system? This includes IP

and MAC addresses. (Choose TWO correct answers.)

A. arp

B. ifconfig -lv eth0

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C. netstat -al

D. ip neigh show

Answer: AD

109. Which of the following commands can be used to list IPv4 addresses and MAC addresses for IP

devices that the system has seen on the local network?

A. arp

B. ifconfig

C. ipadm

D. iwlist

Answer: A

110. Running tcpdump -nli eth1 'tcp' shows the following output:

14:41:53.694538 IP 10.1.52.145.51738 > 24.215.7.162.143: Flags [.], ack 33051, win 1002, options

[nop,nop,TS val 36789130 ecr 1746004159], length 0

What is the source IP address of this packet? (Please specify the answer in digits and dots ONLY.)

Answer:

10.1.52.145

111. The following is an excerpt from the output of tcpdump -nli eth1:

13:03:17.277327 IP 192.168.123.5.1065 > 192.168.5.112.21: Flags [.], ack 1 (truncated)

13:03:17.598624 IP 192.168.5.112.21 > 192.168.123.5.1065: Flags [P.], seq (truncated)

Which network service or protocol was used?

A. FTP

B. HTTP

C. SSH

D. DNS

E. DHCP

Answer: A

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112. According to the tcpdump output below, what is the IP address of the client host?

02:12:40.511381 IP 192.168.246.11.1045 > 192.168.246.1.22: S 3838532429:3838532429(0) win 5840

<mss

1460,sackOK,timestamp 31325740,nop,wscale 2>

02:12:40.511540 IP 192.168.246.1.22 > 192.168.246.11.1045: S 1209330085:1209330085(0) ack 383853

2430 win 5792 <mss 1460,sackOK,timestamp 11553457 3132574,nop,wscale 0>

02:12:40.511755 IP 192.168.246.11.1045 > 192.168.246.1.22: . ack 1 win 1460 <nop,nop,timestamp 3

132574

11553457>

02:12:40.515122 IP 192.168.246.1.22 > 192.168.246.11.1045: P 1:26(25) ack 1 win 5792

<nop,nop,timestamp

11553460 3132574>

02:12:40.515511 IP 192.168.246.11.1045 > 192.168.246.1.22: . ack 26 win 1460 <nop,nop,timestamp

3132578 11553460>

02:12:40.515952 IP 192.168.246.11.1045 > 192.168.246.1.22: P 1:23(22) ack 26 win 1460

<nop,nop,timestamp 3132578 11553460>

Answer:

192.168.246.11

113. The following is an excerpt from the output of tcpdump -nli eth1 'udp': 13:03:17.277327 IP

192.168.123.5.1065 > 192.168.5.112.53: 43653+ A? lpi.org. (25)

13:03:17.598624 IP 192.168.5.112.53 > 192.168.123.5.1065: 43653 1/0/0 A 198.51.100.42 (41)

Which network service or protocol was used?

A. FTP

B. HTTP

C. SSH

D. DNS

E. DHCP

Answer: D

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114. Which of the following wireless tools can be used to check the wireless network link quality? (Choose

TWO correct answers.)

A. iwconfig

B. iwlink

C. iwscan

D. iwifi

E. iw

Answer: AE

115. What is incorrect about these entries in /etc/hosts which could be causing host name lookup problems

with host2?

host1 192.168.1.12

host2 192.168.1.12

A. Two host names are using the same IP address.

B. The server doing the query is on a different subnet.

C. The fields are out of order.

D. host2 is not a fully qualified domain name.

Answer: C

116. Which of the following files are used to resolve hostnames to IP addresses? (Choose TWO correct

answers.)

A. /etc/systems

B. /etc/hosts

C. /etc/network

D. /etc/dns.conf

E. /etc/resolv.conf

Answer: BE

117. What is the command to add another IP address (192.168.1.2) to a network interface (eth0) that

already has (at least) one IP address in the 192.168.1.0/24 subnet?

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A. ip add addr 192.168.1.2/32 dev eth0

B. ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.255

C. ip addr add 192.168.1.2/32 dev eth0

D. ipconfig eth0 192.168.1.2

Answer: C

118. Which of the following commands will erase the contents of the /dev/sdb3 partition?

A. rm /dev/sdb3

B. dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb3

C. dd of=/dev/zero if=/dev/sdb3

D. umount /dev/sdb3

Answer: B

119. Which of the following are common backup systems used in Linux? (Choose TWO correct answers.)

A. Amanda

B. Bacula

C. DrBackup

D. BREWBackup

E. SARcheck

Answer: AB

120. What does the -p3 option to the patch command do?

A. It will strip off path information from each file mentioned in the patch file up to and including the third /

character.

B. patch continues execution as long as there are three or fewer errors.

C. It instructs patch to look up to three lines of context before or after the declared line in the original file for

a match.

D. patch will keep three previous versions of each file in the output to prevent loss of change history.

E. It instructs patch to conform more strictly to the POSIX standard.

Answer: A

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121. Which of the following commands will securely copy the directory ./fyf/ to /var/tmp/ on the remote host

deltaur using the remote user account kevin?

A. rsync -a -e ssh kevin@deltaur:/var/tmp/ fyf/

B. rsync -a -u kevin -e ssh fyf/ deltaur:/var/tmp/

C. rsync -a -u kevin -e ssh deltaur:/var/tmp/ fyf/

D. rsync -a -e ssh fyf/ kevin@deltaur:/var/tmp/

Answer: D

122. What is the device name for the first SCSI tape drive on a system when used without automatic

rewinding after each write operation? (Please specify the full path to the device.)

Answer:

/dev/nst0

123. Which file contains the text message that is displayed after logging into the console? (Specify the full

name of the file, including path.)

Answer:

/etc/motd

124. A regular user, joe, has just run:

./configure && make && make install

to build and install a program. However, the installation fails. What could be done to install the program?

(Choose TWO correct answers.)

A. Install the binaries manually with suinstall.

B. Run make install with root privileges.

C. Do not run ./configure in order to maintain the default configuration for correct installation.

D. Rerun ./configure with a --prefix option where the user has permissions to write.

E. Run make install_local to install into /usr/local/.

Answer: BD

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125. When a makefile is included in a source code package, what are commonly defined targets in the file?

A. CFLAGS, CPPFLAGS, LIBS, LDFLAGS

B. clean, install, uninstall

C. PATHS, DESTDIR, LIBS, LDFLAGS

D. prefix, exec_prefix, bindir, mandir

Answer: B

126. Which one of these directories should not be backed up?

A. /backup

B. /etc

C. /opt

D. /proc

E. /var/log

Answer: D

127. The following command has just been run successfully: cd /opt; tar xvf /dev/nst0;

What will happen if the command sequence is run again?

A. An error saying that there is no tape present is generated because the tape has been ejected after being

used.

B. The contents of /opt will be restored again.

C. The entire contents of /opt will be replaced with the contents of the next file on the tape.

D. The contents of /opt will have additional content added from the next file on the tape.

Answer: D

128. Which of the following files will be looked for and used by GNU make, if one of them exists, unless a

different file is specified on the command line when trying to compile software from source code? (Choose

TWO correct answers.)

A. configure

B. config.h.in

C. makefile

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D. Makefile

E. Makefile.in

Answer: CD

129. Which file contains the message that is displayed above the login prompt of the system console?

(Specify the full name of the file, including path.)

Answer:

/etc/issue

130. Which sub command to crypsetup shows information about an encrypted LUKS partition?

A. luksDump

B. luksInfo

C. luksDebug

D. luksLS

E. luksShow

Answer: A

131. What command discards unused blocks on a mounted file system in order to support SSD devices?

(Specify ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)

Answer:

fstrim

132. Which of the following commands erases the contents of the /dev/sdb3 partition?

A. rm /dev/sdb3

B. dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb3

C. dd of=/dev/zero if=/dev/sdb3

D. umount /dev/sdb3

Answer: B

133. What information is found in the following excerpt from the file /proc/mdstat? (Choose two.)

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A. One of the disks in /dev/md0 has failed and a spare disk is used to recreate full redundancy

B. The spare disk /dev/sda1 is used to restore full redundancy after the current recovery

C. The information [UU_] means, that the raid is missing one disk and is not fully redundant

D. The device is using version 1.2 metadata to allow LILO and GRUB Legacy to use /dev/md0 as the boot

partition. This would not have been necessary with GRUB2

E. The information [3/2] means that 3 RAID disks belong to the array and 2 disks are spare. Together they

equal the number of available disks

Answer: AC

134. Which of the following commands lists IPv4 addresses and MAC addresses of network nodes that the

local system has seen on its directly connected IP networks?

A. arp

B. ifconfig

C. ipadm

D. iwlist

Answer: A

135. Which of the following is a userspace application used to modify EFI entries on a Linux system?

A. efieditor

B. configefi

C. efimanager

D. efiboottmgr

E. efibootedit

Answer: D

136. Which of the following properties should be recorded in order to monitor the quality of a network link?

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(Choose two.)

A. Bandwidth in both directions

B. Number of nodes using the link

C. Effective Latency

D. Number of IPv4 and IPv6 packets

E. Number of used TCP ports

Answer: AC

137. Which of the following commands creates a Btrfs subvolume named volume in/mnt?

A. btrfs subvolume add –n volume /mnt

B. btrfs create subvolume /mnt volume

C. btrfs-subvolume create /mnt/volume

D. btrfs subvolume new volume /mnt

E. btrfs subvolume create /mnt/volume

Answer: E

138. What command ensures that the file systems are written to disk after a lot of write operations? (Specify

ONLY the command without any path or parameters.)

Answer:

sync

139. What effect does the –f option to the update-rc.d command have on files in the /etc/rcX.d/ and

/etc/init.d/ directories?

A. It will force the removal of the symlinks in /etc/rcX.d/ even when the links are read only

B. It will remove both the symlinks in /etc/rcX.d/ and the init script in /etc/init.d/

C. It will remove the init script in /etc/init.d/ and the symlinks in /etc/rcX.d/ and update the package

information of installed files

D. It will force the removal of symlinks in /etc/rcX.d/ even if the corresponding init script still exists in

/etc/init.d/

Answer: D

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140. After manually compiling and installing a new kernel, what has to be done regarding the initramfs?

A. To initramfs is independent of the kernel and should not be modified unless the hardware configuration

of the machine has changed

B. Since the initramfs contains kernel modules, a new initramfs must be built for the new kernel

C. During the compilation of the Linux kernel, a new initramfs is built automatically. The new initramfs only

needs to be installed

D. The system should be restarted since the initramfs reconfigures itself for the new kernel during the

startup of the system

Answer: C

141. What command is used to send messages to all users currently logged in? (Specify ONLY the

command without any path or parameters.)

Answer:

wall

142. Which of the following configuration files are used by tcpwrapper?

A. /etc/tcpd.allow and etc/tcpd.deny

B. /etc/tcpwrapper.allow and /etc/tcpwrapper.deny

C. /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny

D. /etc/service.allow and /etc/service.deny

Answer: C

143. Which of the following commands displays the physical path of the kernel module named dummy?

A. modprobe –i dummy

B. modinfo –n dummy

C. modpath –v dummy

D. depmod –n dummy

E. modshow –p dummy

Answer: A

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144. On a Linux node with multiple active networks interfaces, each having a default route to the Internet,

which default route is preferred?

A. The default route with the highest metric value

B. The default route with the highest MTU value

C. The default route with the lowest TTL value

D. The default route with the highest TTL value

E. The default route with the lowest metric value

Answer: E

145. What is the purpose of a system mount unit?

A. It is used by the command systemd-mount and allows users to mount partitions to mount points of their

choice

B. It is used only to mount network file systems to local mount points. It cannot be used for local media

C. It is created by the command systemd-fstab-generator to integrate entries from /etc/fstab into the system

boot process

D. It is used by the command mount when using system to mount and unmount file systems

Answer: A

146. Which command is used to make an exact copy, at a single point in time, of a logical volume while still

allowing the original logical volume to be updated?

A. lvcclone

B. lvcreate

C. lvm2

D. lvsnap

E. lvsnapshot

Answer: B

147. Which of the following commands adds a static IPv6 address to the network interface eth0?

A. ip add addr 2001:db8::1337/64 dev eth0

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B. ip -6 add addr 2001:db8::1337/64 dev eth0

C. ip addr add 2001:db8::1337/64 dev eth0

D. ip -6 addr add new 2001:db8::1337/64 dev eth0

E. ip addr add -6 2001:db8::1337/64 dev eth0

Answer: D

148. In the output of sar –b, what does tps stand for?

A. Terrabyte per second

B. Traffic per second

C. Transfers per second

D. Total data per second

E. Terrabit per second

Answer: C

149. A Linux server running systemd booted to rescue.target for maintenance. Which commands are used

to restore the server to its usual target? (Choose two.)

A. telinit 0

B. systemctl default

C. sync

D. systemctl emergency

E. systemctl reboot

Answer: AB

150. Which of the following commands shows capabilities and usable frequencies for the wireless interface

wlan0?

A. iw phy pyh0 info

B. iw dev wlan0 info

C. iw dev wlan0 show

D. iw phy wlan0 show

E. iw phy0 show

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Answer: A

151. A web application server contains 64GB of RAM and two swap partitions on normal hard disk drives,

each with a size of 64 GB. Within the last month, the average number of user sessions on this server has

grown by 20 percent. At the same time, the average usage of RAM increased from 65 to 75 percent, while

the swap space is almost not used at all. It is expected that the number of user sessions will continue to

increase by about 15 to 20 percent each month. Which of the following reactions would be appropriate in

response to these observations? (Choose two.)

A. Delay any hardware upgrade until there is a significant consumption of swap space to ensure an efficient

usage of the available hardware

B. Create a RAID 1 device on the two swap partitions to avoid data loss in case swap space has to be used

in the future

C. Consider the installation of an additional application server to distribute the load if the expected growth

continues over several months

D. Move the web application’s scripts and content a ram disk in order to ensure fast access and to avoid the

need for swap space

E. Update the hardware to increase the amount of available RAM to avoid using swap space

Answer: CE

152. Which of the filter keywords below could be used in the following command:

tcpdump –i eth0 ______203.0.113.8 (Choose three.)

A. host

B. ip

C. src

D. dst

E. ipv6

Answer: ACD

153. Which of the following init systems comes along with an own UEFI boot loader?

A. systemd

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B. SysVinit

C. Upstart

D. OpenRC

E. launchd

Answer: A

154. Which is the main configuration file for the SystemV init process? (Specify the full name of the file,

including path.)

Answer:

/etc/inittab

155. In order to gather performance data with sar over a longer period of time, which command should be

run periodically from cron?

A. sa1

B. sarmon

C. sarec

D. sadf

E. sarcron

Answer: A

156. Which of the following commands restores only those files containing lpi in their name from the archive

lpifiles.tar.gz?

A. tar xvzf lpifiles.tar.gz --wildcards ‘*lpi*’

B. tar xvzwf lpifiles.tar.gz ‘*lpi*’

C. tar -xvfz lpifiles.tar.gz --deep ‘*lpi*’

D. tar -xvzf lpifiles.tar.gz --subdirs ‘*lpi*’

E. tar xvzf lpifiles.tar.gz --globbing ‘*lpi*’

Answer: A

157. In which directory tree are files modified when changing kernel parameters using the command sysctl?

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A. /sys/kernel/

B. /proc/kernel/

C. /proc/sys/

D. /lib/sys/

E. /sys/proc/

Answer: C

158. After the downloading patch-4.6.4.xz from http://kernel.org, what are the next steps to prepare the

build of a version 4.6.4 Linux kernel? (Choose two.)

A. Uncompress the file and move the resulting directory to /usr/src/linux

B. Apply the patch file to the kernel source directory containing kernel version 4.6.0

C. Apply the patch file to the kernel source directory containing kernel version 4.6.3

D. Uncompress the file using xz to get the uncompressed patch file

E. Use patch to apply the uncompressed patch file to the source directory of any previous kernel version

Answer: DE

159. What is the purpose of an initramfs during the Linux system start?

A. It loads required modules and starts sub sytems like LVM to make the root file system accessible to the

kernel

B. It moves the kernel from normal system memory to initram memory to speed up kernel access

C. It copies the root file system’s content to RAM to speed up the system and reduce writes to disk

D. It creates a ram disk to store volatile data for directories like /tmp to reduce writes to disk

Answer: A

160. Which directory contains system-specific systemd unit files? (Specify the full path to the directory.)

Answer:

/lib/systemd/system

161. Which command is used to install a GRUB boot loader into the master boot record?

A. grub-install

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B. grub-mkconfig

C. grub-install-mbr

D. grub-glue-mbr

E. grub-mbr-setup

Answer: A

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