IoT Based Patient Health Monitoring on ESP32 Web Server

A Project Report Submitted to Project Lab as a mini project

along with our B.Tech curriculum
by:
Student Names:
Atanu Jana(B22/ECE/206)
Manshi Kumari(L23/ECE/010)
Ravi Prakash(22/ECE/141)
Semester – 6th
Batch – II(B)
Subject – PROJECT LAB
Code:- EC-692
Faculty Name – Atanu Pradhan

Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Haldia Institute of Technology
(2024-2025)
 Certificate :

This is to certify that Atanu jana, Mansi Kumari, Ravi Prakash have carried out their
project work entitled “IoT Based Patient Health Monitoring on ESP32 Web Server”
as a part of the curriculum for the B.Tech in Electronics & Communication
Engineering (ECE) year 2024-2025.
This project report is approved by the undersigned only for the purpose for which it is
submitted. The candidate is entirely responsible for the statements, opinions and
conclusions contained herein.

( Atanu Pradhan, Assistant professor,

ECE Department)
 Contents:

1. Abstract

2. Introduction

3. Scope and Problem Definition

4. Methodology

4.1 Components

4.2 Connection/Photos

4.3 Software

4.4 Cost

5. Conclusion and Future Scope

6. References
 1.Abstract :

The rapid advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) technology is revolutionizing the

healthcare sector by enabling continuous and remote patient monitoring. In today's fast-
paced lifestyle, regularly checking a patient's vital signs—especially elderly individuals or
those with chronic conditions—can be challenging. This project presents an IoT-based
Patient Health Monitoring System using the ESP32 microcontroller, which acts as a real-
time web server for displaying health data.

The system is designed to monitor essential health parameters such as heart rate, blood
oxygen level (SpO2), and body temperature. These vital signs are measured using
biomedical sensors and transmitted to the ESP32, which processes the data and displays it
on a web-based interface accessible over a local Wi-Fi network. This allows caregivers or
family members to remotely monitor a patient's health status using any device with a web
browser.

Our solution provides a low-cost, non-invasive, and user-friendly method to enhance home-
based patient care. By automating health tracking and reducing the need for constant manual
monitoring, this system not only improves healthcare delivery but also ensures peace of
mind for both patients and caregivers. It is especially beneficial in situations where timely
health intervention is crucial.
 2.Introduction:

With the rise of numerous healthcare technology start-ups, the Internet of Things (IoT) is
playing a transformative role in revolutionizing the medical industry. One of the growing
challenges in modern healthcare is the continuous monitoring of patients, especially elderly
individuals, due to busy lifestyles and limited access to round-the-clock care. Regularly
tracking vital health parameters at home is crucial, yet often neglected. To address this gap,
we propose an innovative IoT-based Patient Health Monitoring System using the ESP32
microcontroller and Web Server technology.

This project aims to design a smart health monitoring system capable of tracking key patient
vitals in real-time. We utilize the MAX30100/MAX30102 Pulse Oximeter Sensor to
measure heart rate (BPM) and blood oxygen level (SpO2), and the DS18B20 sensor to
monitor body temperature. To ensure the patient remains in a comfortable environment, the
DHT11 sensor is integrated to measure room temperature and humidity.

All collected data is processed by the ESP32 and displayed on a locally hosted web server,
accessible via any Wi-Fi-enabled device. This system provides a cost-effective, non-
invasive solution for real-time patient monitoring, making it ideal for home-based
healthcare, especially for the elderly or those with chronic conditions.
 3.Scope and Problem Definition:

1. Problem Definition:

In today’s fast-paced world, providing continuous care and monitoring for patients,
especially the elderly or those suffering from chronic illnesses, poses a significant challenge.
Caregivers are often unable to track vital health parameters consistently due to time
constraints and lack of medical expertise. Manual monitoring methods are not only time-
consuming but can also lead to errors or missed symptoms, potentially putting patients at
risk. The absence of real-time data further complicates timely medical interventions. This
project addresses the need for an automated, reliable, and accessible health monitoring
solution that ensures better patient care in home-based environments.

2. Scope:

This project proposes an IoT-based patient health monitoring system that uses the ESP32
microcontroller as the core platform to collect, process, and display vital health data. The
system integrates biomedical sensors such as the MAX30100/102 for heart rate and SpO2,
DS18B20 for body temperature, and DHT11 for room temperature and humidity. All
collected data is displayed in real time on a web server hosted by the ESP32, accessible
through any device connected to the local network. The system is designed to be low-cost,
non-invasive, and suitable for home use, especially for monitoring elderly or long-term
patients.
 4.Methodology:
4.1 Components

4.1.1 ESP32 Dev Module (DEVKIT-V1) :

The ESP32 DEVKIT-V1 is a 30 pin development board based on the ESP32 microcontroller
from Espressif Systems. It is a powerful and versatile platform that can be used for a wide
range of Internet of Things (IOT) applications, including home automation, robotics, and
wearables, etc. The ESP32 DEVKIT-V1 is equipped with a dual-core 32-bit Tensilica Xtensa
LX6 dual core microprocessor, 4 MB of flash memory, and 520 KB of RAM. It also has a
wide range of connectivity options, including Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Ethernet, and CAN bus. The
board also features a USB-to-serial converter, an onboard LED, a reset button, and a 3.3 V
regulator. The ESP32 DEVKIT-V1 is well-supported by the community, with a large number
of tutorials and resources available online. The board is also compatible with a variety of
development environments, including the Arduino IDE, the Espressif IOT Development
Framework (ESP-IDF), and MicroPython.

Figure 1: ESP32 DEVKIT-V1

4.1.2 Temperature & Humidity Sensor [Model : DHT11] :

The DHT11 is a basic, ultra low-cost digital temperature and

humidity sensor. It uses a capacitive humidity sensor and
a thermistor to measure the surrounding air, and spits out a
digital signal on the data pin (no analog input pins needed).
It’s fairly simple to use, but requires careful timing to grab data.
The only real downside of this sensor is you can only get new
data from it once every 2 seconds, so when using the library,
sensor readings can be up to 2 seconds old. Figure 1:DHT 11
ESPDDDEVKIT-V1
4.1.3 MAX30100 Pulse Oximeter Sensor:

The sensor is integrated pulse oximetry and heart-rate monitor sensor solution. It combines
two LED’s, a photodetector, optimized optics, and low-noise analog signal processing to
detect pulse and heart-rate signals. It operates from 1.8V and 3.3V power supplies and can
be powered down through software with negligible standby current, permitting the power
supply to remain connected at all times.
The device has two LEDs, one emitting red light, another
emitting infrared light. For pulse rate, only the infrared light is
needed. Both the red light and infrared light is used to measure
oxygen levels in the blood. When the heart pumps blood, there
is an increase in oxygenated blood as a result of having more
blood. As the heart relaxes, the volume of oxygenated blood also
decreases. By knowing the time between the increase and
Figure 2:MAX30100ESPDDDEV
decrease of oxygenated blood, the pulse rate is determined.
It turns out, oxygenated blood absorbs more infrared light and passes more red light while
deoxygenated blood absorbs red light and passes more infrared light. This is the main
function of the MAX30100: it reads the absorption levels for both light sources and stored
them in a buffer that can be read via I2C.

4.1.4 DS18B20 Temperature Sensor :

This is a pre-wired and waterproofed version of the DS18B20 sensor. Handy for when you
need to measure something far away, or in wet conditions. The Sensor can measure the
temperature between -55 to 125°C (-67°F to +257°F). The cable is jacketed in PVC.
Because it is digital, there is no signal degradation even over long distances. These 1-wire
digital temperature sensors are fairly precise,
i.e ±0.5°C over much of the range. It can give up to 12
bits of precision from the onboard digital-to-analog
converter. They work great with any microcontroller
using a single digital pin. The only downside is they use
the Dallas 1-Wire protocol, which is somewhat complex
and requires a bunch of code to parse out the
communication. We toss in a 4.7k resistor, which is Figure 3: DS18B20

required as a pullup from the DATA to the VCC line

when using the sensor.
4.1.5 RESISTER:

4.7K Ohm Resistor

4.1.6 Connecting Wires (Male–Male/Female)

4.1.7 Breadboard

4.2 Connection/Photos:

Figure 4: Pin connection

Figure 5: Web server view Figure 6: Hardware

 4.3 Software:

The Program/Source Code for IoT Based Patient Health Monitoring on ESP32 Web Server
is given below. You need to install a few libraries for source code compilation. The library
link is given below as well. Download all the libraries and add to the Arduino IDE.

1. Arduino MAX30100 Library

2. OneWire Library

3. Dallas Temperature Library

4. DHT11 Library

Make changes in the Wifi SSID & Password.

CODE:

Open Arduino IDE and copy the given code

➢ https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,400,600%27

4.4 Cost:

SL.NO COMPONENTS NAME PRICE

1 ESP32 Board 350

2 MAX30100 Pulse Oximeter Sensor 120

3 DS18B20 Temperature Sensor 80

4 DHT11 Temperature & Humidity Sensor 20

5 4.7K Ohm Resistor .25

6 Connecting Wires (Male–Male/Female) 20

7 Breadboard 50

TOTAL PRICE :- 540.25

5. Conclusion and Future Scope

Conclusion:

The IoT-Based Patient Health Monitoring System using ESP32 provides an effective and low-
cost solution for continuously monitoring vital health parameters such as heart rate, blood
oxygen level (SpO2), body temperature, and environmental conditions like room temperature
and humidity. By integrating sensors like MAX30100, DS18B20, and DHT11 with the ESP32
microcontroller, the system ensures real-time data acquisition and visualization through a web
server interface. This project is especially beneficial for elderly or chronically ill patients who
require regular health monitoring but may not have access to constant medical supervision. The
system improves patient care, supports remote monitoring, and reduces the burden on
healthcare providers.

Future Scope:

• Integration with cloud services (e.g., Firebase, Thing Speak) for remote access and data
logging.

• Addition of alert systems via email, SMS, or mobile apps in case of abnormal readings.

• Incorporation of ECG, blood pressure, and fall detection modules for more
comprehensive monitoring.

• Development of a mobile application for user-friendly monitoring and historical data

tracking.

• Machine learning algorithms for predictive analysis and early diagnosis.

6. References

1. ESP32 Technical Reference Manual – Espressif Systems

2. MAX30100 Pulse Oximeter Sensor Datasheet – Maxim Integrated

3. DS18B20 Temperature Sensor Datasheet – Texas Instruments

4. DHT11 Humidity and Temperature Sensor Datasheet – Aosong Electronics

5. Arduino IDE Official Documentation – https://www.arduino.cc

6. GitHub Repository: IoT Patient Health Monitoring Projects

7. “IoT in Healthcare” – IEEE Access Journal, 2021

8. Online tutorials and documentation from Random Nerd Tutorials and CircuitDigest

9. https://how2electronics.com/iot-based-patient-health-monitoring-esp32-web-server/