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Kubernetes

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SINGAM4DEVOPS
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Kubernetes Architecture:

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A Kubernetes cluster
consists of a set of worker

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machines, called nodes,
that run containerized
applications. Every cluster

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has at least one worker
node.

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The worker node(s) host
the Pods that are the
components of the w
application workload.
The control pane manages
the worker nodes and the
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Pods in the cluster.
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Components of Kubernetes:

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• Master Node Components:
1. API Server 2. Controller Manager 3. ETCD 4. Scheduler

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1) API Server:
It is the front-end for the Kubernetes control plane.

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2) Controller Manager: This is a component on the master that runs controllers.
• Node Controller: Responsible for noticing and responding when nodes go down.

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• Replication Controller: Responsible for maintaining the correct number of pods for every replication
controller object in the system.
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• Endpoints Controller: Populates the Endpoints object (that is, it joins Services and Pods).
• Service Account and Token Controllers: Create default accounts and API access tokens for new namespaces.
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3) ETCD: Consistent and highly-available key value store used as Kubernetes' backing store for all cluster data.
4) kube-scheduler - Control plane component that watches for newly created Pods with no assigned node, and
selects a node for them to run on.
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 Node Components

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Node components run on every node, maintaining running pods and providing the Kubernetes
runtime environment
1) Kubelet - An agent that runs on each node in the cluster. It makes sure that containers are

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running in a Pod.
The kubelet takes a set of PodSpecs that are provided through various mechanisms and ensures

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that the containers described in those PodSpecs are running and healthy. The kubelet doesn't
manage containers which were not created by Kubernetes.
2)kube-proxy - kube-proxy is a network proxy that runs on each node in your cluster,

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implementing part of the Kubernetes Service concept. Kube-proxy maintains network rules on
nodes. These network rules allow network communication to your Pods from network sessions
inside or outside of your cluster.
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3)Container runtime - The container runtime is the software that is responsible for running
containers.
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 Manifest File Components:

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apiversion

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Kind

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Metadata
Spec

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File name : nginx-deployment.yaml
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 Service components:

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Kubernetes ServiceTypes allow you to specify what kind of Service
you want. The default is ClusterIP.

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Type values and their behaviors are:
ClusterIP: Exposes the Service on a cluster-internal IP. Choosing this
value makes the Service only reachable from within the cluster. This

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is the default ServiceType.(To talk to other nodes in the cluster)
NodePort: Exposes the Service on each Node's IP at a static port

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(the NodePort). A ClusterIP Service, to which the NodePort Service
routes, is automatically created. You'll be able to contact
the NodePort Service, from outside the cluster, by
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requesting <NodeIP>:<NodePort>. (The entrpoint for node)
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• LoadBalancer: Exposes the Service
externally using a cloud provider's
load

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balancer. NodePort and ClusterIP S
ervices, to which the external load
balancer routes, are automatically

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created.
• Externalname: Maps the Service
to the contents of

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the externalName field
(e.g. foo.bar.example.com), by
returning a CNAME record with its
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value. No proxying of any kind is
set up.
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Routing In kubernetes
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Kubernetes Commands

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1) Kubectl create deploy my-nginx –image=nginx –dry-run=client –o
yaml > mynginx.yaml

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2) Kubectl get pods
3) Kubectl get namespace

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4) Kubectl create ns mydev
5) Kubectl create –f pod.yaml
6)
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Kubectl describe svc nginx
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7) Kubectl exec -it pod1 bash
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 Kubernetes IQ:

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1) What is the architecture of kubernetes
2) What does control manager, etcd, scheduler, API server do

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3) What is a manifest file and what are the components of it
4) What is node affinity, pod afiinity , taint toleration
5) What is node port, cluster ip

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6) What is persitant volumes and why we use it
7) Describe what is pod and what is pod lifecycle
8) What are the components on master and worked node

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9) What is ingress controller
10) What are types of services in kuberntes
11) How one pod talks with other pod

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12) How the pod healthcheck is done(describe rediness, livesness)
13) How the monitoring is done(integration on Prometheus and grafana)
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14) What is deamonset, replicaset, horizontal pod autoscaler
15) Write a manifest file of your own choice
16) What is namespace and why we use it
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17) What are helm charts and uses
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