Date /

Page No.
CHEMCAL BON DIN G
Electha valent bond - formed betuseen Metal and
Non matal by dhangfer febchons
SoDIVM CHLORLOÉ Magnesiem chlesdh

+2
Ma
Calcium ocide Cat
+2 b6-2
Ca

Covalet Bend
Mehaae (cH) Casbon tetiachlencle
CDo nit hae loneplfe)
H
Hx eo x H
H
Natas (2 lane paik Armmenia

Chlosine malecle
sngle Ho H

Co-oRDINATE BOND
H
x H
Hydronium lon Ammanum lon
C s e covalent dlto-ovdh nate) 3cavalent kle-o
AL thae typeu t bond
’
Ammohìum hloide
 Date
EJectalet bond- Hau
bl Combiny alom hd a fomed
2.
Lonisaton de
3
Process o formalin fson from Unionise.
an atomkshich u hot shased a covalet obmpausd
Cavalent band- Bond formed ohe
shen both alom (eack)
Contibute one electhon to the shahed
pa
Caardinak bond Bond femed shu
ohen shased pau
of edshans are conthibutid by ame
Polas Covalent bond
atomn
Nonpolah covalent bond
Ha, NH HCL CH4, Ccly l N
fomed.hen difeence
Ldeetengati obimngale
betseen

Electaevalent Bond Covalt bond

NaCL, Ca Ct,, Maci Cao
.Pasxudlu Ions molecules
High Low
Hasd Cyilalle Rolid
|CDue spn elect Stalie (Due to Jeak
Van Des Llaal fexe
Solobdi-Soub le
allsacon ba matecaus
in ale Liolubde in wae
Metal and Non Meta! Non - melala
Metal lore oxidatun and
gains e (Redctes)
jElectaht. aqueous
condwcor
or moltn slaa Do net fNon cendut
due fee tee
do On
not
Reason MCI betscofade
Cora lent
electss Combininy om Ci
Hydtagea 2
 Date

AciD Page No.

Votatie aced Non Volatilo acid

(Low boiling pornt (has tugb Badiy polint)
HCI
HNOS H So
Meta Non Motal
ctron (oedatsi) Gain ele ctron CReduck
aget
Pvesent on LSsicde
3. los I.p, etectran afftnity Hih Zp, electon
electaensgatiity
M¡lleable-can be
nto
beaten Not
ehckunpt
Malleable
sheels
Dutile - Can be draw into wres Not ductile
(Metal Chlne)Elecavalent bend)
ACcaNo.hoo&,Cval
Metal Covaat bond)
Metallod Boran
Motallod Pesiod 3- Sitcon
Armphotohlc - eact koth oi h aciA and alkali
lead aluminium, zinc:
Amphatasi ouide
Maximun ionisalin polental - Helium
Maximum electhan afiaty Chlasun
Macimum electhenegetisdty Fluohine
Alkali meta ealucuy yeni
Thay haue On valenee lettren so lost easidy
have maimum Onjclisiny Ponser
They have 7 valence e One e

LondsaÓn Podential
outormot shett
Eleckon,fpai leasel ohenelecronw
accepted outeuntt 0T shell of alom
t attiact shated pa
Elegtangtdi Tendency eh a Copounol
 Page4
23 Base Aauing a nonmelal
NH;OH
kydrode
write in

Organie acid - Conain carbon Aceie aud, is marzin

for mic acid

o Fe+ 3Ci, ’ AFeclg -Combinalin )SynZhesis
Tron (u) chloriole seaction

Fe +HC CDisplaae met)

fell, tty Sispla ceet)
Ma taHC ’ M Cl, tte
(Osplace met)
Formas of Lead chlorida,
lead Carbonae esdsulhat
Pecipitaln eachen
NaOHt HL
Double dacopos

Na, Co + 2HCQ
Titralon Neulhaliati eactioN
’ 2NoCA t H,o + Co,
CalHcO3), +C ’ Caley +2H,0 2CO)
Ng So + 2HCe Hgclg + Hot So.
Na, S t 2HCQ H,S
() ZnS + MCQ Zncts t H,S.
Weak,
Jhanganic aw'd Caaboic ud ( H, Co3)
Chlosie
odide
Oitrosen diode Reddih bron Aes that tue polassior
Paper bre
Ardic Neutoal
Clz ) H,0 Co, NO
Bastc4as
NH3
Baste Addic
HCI N H C
(Soblimablesolid
Metal hane , 2, 3 valence electren (valenty tl, t2yt3)
Non Melal have 4,56,7 valence e lectyen
4-3-2-)
8 valenee elecron= Noble cinet O valeney

Write on both sides of the paper

 Page 2

Donot
ANO &alti write in
Aco, BAsE Aoluton this margin

Non-mnetall'e oxLdu aqueous

form um ion
Acide qhve hch ’ Hydroninaluse
Metalle Basre
3 Alkali
Baseolube in wates ahe
gie ohich
Bae cssolue ih s atea
- Hyds0de on (o)
by incomplee
tAcidi aalt - bsalt formedmdict
neutsplk
[ NaHso,NaHcoJ
baie
acid
balt
by
fo~med by pantil aeplacemdt o
bale Sadical CuloH) NOJ
Basle salt alt formed by inLo npli neutaliùals
z acl ele
of baae (partiàl heplaenment of oHLon) hy
Sadical
Hydracid’ aid haing hydsegn and da non
And
HCI HBr, HI
mital othen than
Onyaedae ad hatng oxyden - Cos, So<, N0,
wkat ahe monobasie aùd Ad eontais Ohe heplae
egHC, HNoa CH3 cooH.
Htion
H
Dibaste aed Hys Oh H, Cog lcasb one acis )
Thy ce ntan two (ta) heplaceable H n
Taibtaie acid Hy POH Phosp hon acid
They canta 3 Aeplaceable H
13 hat type
Mono baie acd (H CH3 Coo)Yonmal salt)
by Dibaste acd
salt and aidie &alt)
Taibate aid norma and acde
(H3PO4)- Boh btt
J4) Typu of Base ahe

Mono acidi base Di acdie base Taiacidic baie

koH, Li OH, Nao H
KHyoH

Write on both sides of the paper

 Page 3
Do not
JS. STRONG AcrD wEAK ACID write in

|Pasticles Ony cone Ton and motecs

margin

Loniue
ConduciidyyCompletdy conduclo Partially ionije
Bad condutto
HCL HN2 H, SOy
for mic acid
Base sduble wn walae caled
Alkali

Pastile
Strong alkali oeak alkli
Tons and mele cwes
Ionis e
LiOH Complilay
NaoH, KoH Pastially
CabH) NH, H
Jnsolube base example ’ Znb)PboH),
Pe bu) Felor)
Univesial Snatcaer - ndi cat strength of aih
Or base pH pape
14) Common_acd bate hdicalo di cate wohethhe.
aèdie alkalu Solutwn
Methyl ovangey phenolphthalen, Litmus slh
pH Jess than 7 ase acide aud
th caonates
Equal dte ale neulhal anl have
Moe than L ahe bste and alve
2) itmus solutsn
NH3
AuoIdsowTION BASIC salt]
Tusnsed Tusn ttue
Phanolphthalein No colour ehenge olouy
(Remai Calouless to Prtk
Methyt orange Tusn pink Turns yells

Metal sulphite +didl aud

aud Sulph dioxidd ga4
Melal Sulphide t dil aid ’
Mtal aboe Hydogea tolit acid ’ Hydmagen
(n, Mg, A) Write on both sides of the paper
 NHC Nacr
add ^aOHR Date :
heat

Add Sodlium ydrasdh Add hydhexicle

Ammgnium,
CATION
No Realion
Lohile, Ppt fovmed
(ca) Caleium ion
5
&otwbiP rmed - Selobfrt.formed
Solubl exces
formy colourlass Solului form caloudeyt
Phta 2Lead uon ehalky ohik pt- Chalky ohile ppt pel
Pb' Soluble da loures
exce3,solutoh 9hsol ble i xes
formy
CU Coppenl) ieVaexce Pae blue Ppt
+2 Saky blue Saluta
feFeoUS lon --Dirty
JholPPt Dity ot

Redoih, brosn ppB

9n3oluble neces
- Radelàh boOn p
15

NH, Ammenym ’ Adol

Add aoH or CapH),
oith a punpent smet!(NHg}hat ave
dese ohdlh tumes
|anganese dio cle
Mno,
2haat areeniah yellfo
iu evolved
aserolved

25
Distnjusk AcIo ALKAL) CBASEt
itmus solwt'on
Phenalpldhalein Colouyles
Torn plak
Trs
yellos
Ethene
Adell Bomine Ridduk byo pthy
Redolah broa
paesen ce of Ccly Cslour dächanyed colour turny
colourless
Di Geen. PPt
PPl
bwe ppf!
 Dote

Name of Obs waon

Ga
Chem cal added Anion lwolveed

(A) Add clat Hysoy Sulphile -Hs

Hycro gea
sofphille
acetat paper s uey
lanbonate co, - evaledha
Btky and olo at

SulphiteSo, -
SuJphoy
s euohed ha,
en K(,0 Souto
dloxic

Add diuk Hyso, Sulphat ien (soi) [No go

15
Chlod ton (ci) [No

) Chlorioe ion

Add Nthal ion

Bata)blte fpt No pheipltak formadl.

ehlode (ci)
Add Aaho, hile ppt No ppl
Soaton
Manganeie olixi ele Gppeslr) oxlek
MaO
Addt Conc: al evolre
30
GYeenih
evolue hlerine)
itrate lon)
Sampelant
Coppen adde keatid Conc;
 Extyachm mabala cm Jk'n
Miieal Conpound w'od mlals ound
alay oik eakly "inpuwtes malals can
Che- Mi neal /Compounda trom whce
he astaeled preftably
preftablycoconveri enlly
Ores Bauxile A0,20
Zinc blenda(Zns)
Haamale (e,0) Calamine Znco3
Magnahl (Fego) Zinuk ZnO Coundum
Al,o3

Suabhrde are Zinc Cinc 3lande

npusuhe Dene
Pash.
Ponale Dteunee gt
b Magnete Sebaaaton Puluep3ed
Poinapl Seporatin
magnehe (putia
Bloo
Mag
Pudueid magnahe pot
Po»tdefoamEoxk
FotRlohaha faoceu
Poeleienthal wetng
Poanu hle Jwali ORES,npyiho
inbusahea yFoR ENRICHMENT oF (SuL PHIDE
Concemtaatiol ude.
to
’ npostanee c Comvesin -

edue
ROASTI NG CALCINATION
SULPHioE Used CARBoNATE) ae
Used taa haaing Çoncandae
Keati ng Cancenbald
ai
ahence
’ Zno +Coy
Zncog
ce Feo t Co
’ 2fet 8S0 Fecos
 Stab 3 - Raductom o Netauc. ude. to e motal,.
MalRod wed u based þoshon metad n actruty
Besue - Raduchon by Electsoytu / El cdso Qytc 29duecn
ued Potaaium k, Soedium
Qor Sodiur Na Calcium Cay
Top ve elnenli
Hageium Mg ) Aluniun A0
elecboposalive.
Aave gt u- oi da
Ra Fe Pb,
(Tom oxide edued ay co)

Jemal daconosihon use

Sine

Ma-allu hAuminam Man re trom whc N exbaed.

Japuhes Prescnt- Tron oxida Silca xide

Sahl Cncanhahon/dsesing e mval

Nane Nattod BEYER'S Pyoce ss
CRa mcal Used sodium Ry dxoxi decauhc alkali)
Reaen or wedi- Bauxie eing
uitk bauc aoH wtile am - amhoaic iouties do
mat uact and filiied ou

Sodium aluunala

Calumina) nen - headd- Gre e

oh Ge to cxida
Steb 2- Conversion
Alomdiun
aeducton Aluino Amina
Stak3 - HALL HEROULTA Paocees.
Jame Proces alunina ’ s
educhcn elactoposttive..
&scks - Alunina not ued as elscsat,l alone
u almost a
paint and it
lo
malhng
VeYComa

and Gleua)
addad
uxe- Motlih aluni na (At,o)
Conpoaton Elacbot,lae
Cat, ’ Sncvease mobiliy
Cay
elactithe a l
comduchwty elacliotyhe
tuen
 Bacaode.
Anode -Cothode
Anode Calkod) Cateon GayCaabon.
Carbn /wd!
Grale Gas Cabon
inung Moln M
wed./ Anode
Aog+ueg ALS, +Ca
poudeed
releared at amde wkic oxidiues
Casbon anude to Co and Co
pzinklad oyex Ela cdso tyts
Laye Saka vadiattenrod.
oSs by Cascbon
to Preent Rat
Preuen
Reacim at Cattude Reacron a anode
AQ3t+. + 3e- ’ A0
Product: AumiNium Prouct- Oxy ge
to bae
AMous Subatame read by cblain
adding
mealo in dane peoicn to denahla change
tropetes base mebal is
Amalgam - An olloy
Bae netal Uses
ADo Conpoahon
Bass Zn. Elecaical ting dacoratiye. atichea
Copto (Zn inoa hardheu
Cotpes u, Zn,(tin) Sn Shhes,madal
(Zn unpadi
hadne
Sede Leod lead Eleccal
metal Aowe nahng
Duraluun, Auminium -Aumum ’ gitnes
Mageum ’ Snad
M¯mganee sbengA
Averat,Cooke
dg toe
Co.
Stosntu

Chyonium
btemil, cutdey
Sungicalinutmei
(snle stel iu nust fee)
Canbon non-rhetl preset in aleel
 Elacha yu dacomþoc1hon
daconasian Conpound
a camicaldinuct'elacbic
in ag4m a mollin talr paskage
Cwount raauthng ichag
at ranpece edoda
Eucy Chumcad conbound uslied Conducli eliaty
lak and
ued au 04. doh_alk and mgOeA dac ornpostron
undak Sadiet
ehtucity.
’ Good Conduchoy f elacuty (Smael amsunt
(Lage amaund Paatrat, dusocat
Conlaedydussocral Pashcla Sons tmolacul
fPaatcl .Weak Acid. - Casbie
Eg- Stvong Aud’ Hca, H,Soy, HOa acd , wahc aid,
acetre'
ud.
Shomg Be HB) KoH
NaóH, Weak Boe +NHyH, Calo).
, a,soy, NaNog,Pb&oy Soeiumn cobonala
Soe'umn bicarbnala
PbtNO),Cuds
{Non Eladiyl Chamical Compound uc do not Conduct
Partrele ’ Motacula
E- PueL wala, duti ed alii Kercsen
CCly) Sugir glutase.
•lecladasi Two in umber made
CAhod Calhode,
Posiirely chogJarminad o
Connecke to Connecled
eaBve
Balles
{0xiDrSTNG ELeCT RODE DUCING ELECTRODE
{RE
Anions move to Dnoda ose. Cato meve to cothda
i ons
elhc and oxidrsed. gasn oladben and qetreducad.
Auons Ca
’
egahvey changad an
changadl i .

dos
abom. eldbn om an afom.
Sodium cheonde u mn ele ctoyl in but a

abachan. i

H, bo
nan conduct
tue
in ucous sat
pa cavalunt cnducka
comound -Conaun
aq.sotn to
stalr bt ionie in gve.
12
Co7tea CMelai) idiu a cnducho o elbcicity but ot an
elacbaoty l ’ low elschruty Jaka. taca y
elcon and do
eladbi cureet,
Cusoy Cag, aoh)- elahotle Codarn hee and
dacanpove by facsaje o elhck CurreE
Nature clachoda ’ She(Phatnum , rom, Grata) - do no
taka an in elacbotyte reachon.
Achve Echad tak tat port i n alacsolytc Seachen.
actve eleoda
{Un cae
to anbde t dichangad
Ancda diska in Mau)
Acive Anede
ladtyu Noliu Lead Bromda CPb&r)
-Non Conducloy
(S.bca PbB
due to lack o e
Molan Lead Bcmde. Mon Aoachve.
-SilCa coucible as
Electvode(notused ’ Platinum
tuitRstand, Regt anpesatoâe..
Goashuls elactrede
abhilt (neat).}aactveJonne vapo.
enalsted byP2+ +Qe-’ Pb. Racluchon Pradut:led
Reacten alt Calkode -
Sbsesuatr n at CalRade ’ Silvey qy malal dubosid lead?
Raactran at ande Ba-- le $ 0xr daton Product Brome

Gbeen at nude Roddi bn

de an exoan
move an e
Dose Qnd Aet xidued.
Ele chstyiu e auri red wsali+
2vot

E<aclak- Acdikod
Elatdised- Plathum 9 )fcontun Not Grephianock Calkode

Aad addad to oali : dil tySO4.

veach m- As HSoy
Calalyi
doot take past H - le in 2eachion ( l
Cnce

anode - ’ OH }x4 fcduet atande

Roactcn a lvot ygen
alindoes a shlnler.
Roachen at CaRude Ht +le ’ HX 4 Poducl al- catude

Goseiuaon Ccloulus
(13
 salalin
Sedium Agondotynude. Susphali sa .
Conhlex act Cebkodo. ahela. to
Elecbae Catkede. autre la be plalrd plalrd
Anede Silue matal Anade
nct al.
Reacton at catede Ag +le > Ag Reaclrcn at celkede.
Poduct : Swe metal Product- S metal
Nickel
Chsevveton - Silvey malal daþcshcd Gbservat en '- SiRue matal
(Mas o catkede inceae) latosiled,.Callode increa)
(Mbe o
Raackron at anode Ag-le- ’ A Reactrn at Anode -
Qe- >,2+
Gbseeon'- Anode diminGhe Gbservat en Anda
mas. dimnihes n mas
.Callsde
Anoda Catkede
Nikal
Astid)
Sodkiumargacyn -Elackay
uneen Nisoyh
daþsahen. ehctoy

Ambwe metae,
ElecbsosaßinNInNg: caten
ocu c puikalrcatron"
to nelal ay o elacotyiu,
gve.
2Cu
Anode Thick block
lkd,
Cato de
Pure. Cu. Pink metal deposi
Raactton at cakode ' dunnihe)
Roacthen at no de Cu
Cu-- 2e-
le Cult SAuesde
baem as Ahode, d.
nuihe sellle doun at
 slactinlyu Copþex susphals cn as usoy3.
Usn Pt cloctiede ele crsda
Using Acive.
Co-per. ucphale cln.
Cchher suaþhalr sola Cu2t Qe’ Cu.
Reactrun al Cu2t + Re’Cu
Cetkece Cotper mstal.
Copher Pank met o, dapoeled
.

ocuatton Pink melal dapostedl h

OH-e’ H Cu - 2 e ’
Reactron at ande
4OH ’ 24,0+2. Copes
Anode duminishes
Gb sevaticn.
ekndla a glowing

Colou c eladso,a ado does not acrve

deveman blue
inel elocica
Cu2t. d
ele cekede.
to gve dcasgec wheca inues
al caRode Electraplati emCn bue.

Aplcakon o Electso byis Electrometattrgt

Eecbaolahng ledsolytc ocess dapos kor
melal.
O Aupe nor matal base
Pevek Coin
Aduanage Matas Ra atcle atbactve
c Elacbioahng
Conditons dinct Cusset Ror long oain
smocth durahle. Demg lang
een
laleds ’ Metol ACns ge daposlhd
Cattode hele to be at catRode.
On e aultele.}> actue ansde
Anoce 1. Matal to be flaled ushic get daposbd at.caRoda.
to
mmetal to
Conleun Ha on, Nrckel’NE
to be tialed
duchaged of Sn'- ona preent ower in eladochemicae
Selechive
DsggdAc5,.d
Sees i l he aged Fe2t

(C (So
ducgd.
(15
 pa
Pxo
prope nett 2- R,2-dinatl 3
Butene AC
I.U.P.
penane h-C
Cac--H h-C=¢--c-H ----
H
CyHe Bule 84nes Chain
ane 2-metyl ( (Pentane)
0
Ci
U.P.n petaneI.u.P.A.C m-
none Oso CHn) Pentone Ssomers H
Butane nane AC I.U.
P.
Butane
pame Pxo
mete (2- tUPAC’ M H
() M-¢- H
-C H
buane So H H H
Chaamire
H--H (CyHio) BuTANE
S4onaiam). called
in ieing but omala molaalot.
hauing conpouncdy Chgane
sane the
alkyhe alkene
ALkane)
gou. d}eing
by menber patlsn
Succesive -
ehoal regula otlow
otlous
a henbe d Ssive. BueCe
Cnpounda ganc Sees seia- qo Homed
atom H
otQoss deive
Caobeyc) -CooH
duc)aldeky -HO chasactetuhc
Hydueny) -oH Eg
Cngea Comtounda sbuckuye
and qonal Funch
akne whuch bond
- Sadical
a aom An -
wdenhcal
chud Jeng fom do emdeny Catnation
Cabn Conposed
of Confouna, Ogc abonanha Hydoc
and. (exapt
onati). anh bic Casbonal xide
H~C-C-C- -H H
H
H
H H Pentam 3-ol.

H H -C- -c- -H
C

Methamal Ehonal Proponal Butanal

a Psopan- bal

H
H-c-c-¢ h -C----GH
H-t-t-oH H-C- OH
H H
MethanC
Ehanoc aud Poofpanac Butanerc
aud.
aud ud

-¢ -H C-Ca

Ce Tricdlorme thane
Menoorothane Dicllomelhane
H
H H
)
H - e - C- H
H C-c-H
H
I,2- dichloo eane
CRAoYo elane
Teaeloomeane.

-C:
-C- c-H
,2- dichloo eRene
ti,',2,2-teba
1,ij2- dloroeltane CAloro efhane
H

CA H-C -H
h- -c-c-H B
l,,2- hbrmo
H-C-H
ehane

(|- Cloo y Br Bromo H-bH Methy

 Homsloyu Gead Name. Com mon Tybe ot Tyhe
Bnd
Tu.PAC idmea
AKane. CnH2nt2. Mihane Methane Sngle
Cvalnt
Subattuhep

Double Addsh en
Akene Cn H2n Covalet
Aayene Tribe Adduk
AAkyneCntan-2. Ehye Covalnt
ALRane ’ tecut echve ’ satuzaed ’ C-C sngle bond ,no e.

move veactve Unsataled ’ C=C couble bend, has eee

Akene un satuled ’CEc tible bend has náre
most eactve
ALkye
CzHy m-C =C-H Etene.
CHy H-c-H Mohan
H

aH6 H-t-u - Ethane H H H

opene.
CcHg-CHa)
Psopane.
H-Ç=c--c-H
CHg- CH,-CH3 But- - ene
But--ene

H- ---E Butane Cgtio H-Cs¢-t-- k-C-cc-c-c

Pet-teeee Pent- -ene

H
E yhe
H-C-OH Methan ol
h--cEc-H
H
Poopy
H- --H Ehanol H-CEC- - -H
H

But-l- y
H
-c=c-
-¢---
H H
Propan-l-ot H

H But- 2-yhe
(O AroMIC Size Decveases Smallet in hase
Gp)
No. of shall. eman same ,ovesal Nucla
ncreales.
Lorisatiin Pstertia ncreases >max IP hp (18)
Reasn wen utalle nate ineasee, tnleny tsan C3toble corquhy
Electron afady/Elebroreçdia
DuplentI-P
Non Matand Trerease1)Kr
|8 HeOndalnpodoer
Ne llactim Ar elecben maximum 2ero
Max
Bnllat)(Halgen) Mozet, ed
nineyehe
7valence
e at 3
cd Br
F SrmelalCI |Smallut
Per
in I
Mo e
vo:
ho
Valence
S ons Nord
shellu

eleton
Proton
ALSi
3valene
e of
Table
PeaJode
in
RePresen
of No
No.

numbe
Gpa(uA) -No
Pestod
-NiGoup
evalene
2
TAIKali
meta!
Alka Be Ca
Atomie
Mostreactie leme
E
(2 Na Langet
LiLaest
shelu) sige K
H atome
oml
at

she)
(I 3 ghelu
(3 shella]
(4
Peiod
4
Period
At-Size
Nituc Aad Lab apaattn. Po tauium bisucþhol
Reacton KN0 + HNOa
Comc. (Accrc salt)
non - Votaila nalne, ulo
More

Conc HQ -not ued vctatile

ALL GLASS A PPARAT US

Costosi ve
TeMP RATURE L¾SS THAN 206c far Re veachon ’ above Qooc
leads to uatk
NTRI ACID GBTAINED |N LAB IS SLIGHTUY YELLoNIsH BROWN
ive bogn dioNde. pe
dacomosea ton
lnain esoed in d
and
ÓSTWALD PROCESS) LARGE SCALE J NANUEAcCtuRE NITRiC.

Shsl Cotalyte OxidahionP t Ammoua.

4NO + 6H,0 N i ta
ec d

Stap 2 Oxidati on o ibic oxide

A bsorpt on

Nituc Aad a OXIDI SING, AGET÷ strong

mascent gn xidising gent
OxDISIa PROPERTY IN
NIT RIC FOLLOW|Na
ACID REACTIOUS
C t
Cenc
4HNO, ’ Co,t2H,o +4No12 Reddish brum ga evote.
Casbon
Cone. tHotS6,12 Reddih broun gas No evotac
6HNO’ Hy soy
Nn volahE aud
vetatil bacun ho, eicud
Culoa, +20)t+24,o2Receuh dcnude
Con
Nitic

Bacun ang teat - tes tor Tubte aic bal adical

Salt somnibrc Qud+ Fashy raed fe soy + Conc
Conoahon n exþosue to Caag1ly fooucd feSQy

Cxi dued tFeie ’exo Rermc

Ni haoso e eaction/ Niboso
doun'
aud may
Hsoy
tes
Conc Hy soy setles Come.
feauiey
Bocu ing
cdo composes on Ahubing
s ayed
dconto
(20
Sutfshusic Aad. coNTACT PROCESS ’ Manatochue so4
Sthpi- Poduch on

Clalyhc Oxidahon o So to So3

Conlact Touer 2SO, t
Yos- CaBàlyt
Prs.
450-s0 oc- Tenþeali, -2amaahue
Skh 3 - Absoton o soa i conc Soy to geve Slum /py7o salflaue

Sulphua tdode
YSmot dia absosbed n wala ’ veachron u
omed -dieutt to mde.
Conc HSoy ’ dome sy y 0scoprc aayud - Romce kapt in tight boHl.
prcal aud (Dibasic aud
(due to reuene Hao Bopezhes) Ave
dss gcualei in ag
wo H s pe motaale
to two .
Znt H soy ’ ZnSoyt
H Bauraly
Borm two tykesalt
asdie and nomal)
JaoH + H, sos ’ NaHsoyt H0

Fes + Hcoyt Fesos t Hys exce

Conc HSoy hoac Soy Nat soytHe

Cnc Cong H, So) kvo, + HSou kHSoy
|2c + IH,o
SuçarChaztoal Conc

Black ny chad maus C+2, soy ’ Cojt20+So,^

Cu Soy 5H,0 SColaalas utc Fusn line wali mtky.

Change foen to clear

170'c
reac oith CBuun cAlonce)
Rasou
Add Bacty ’ Bacty t Hsoy while pp inoe
Cu cloes mot
due Hysos dus eaciveyhan H dn dil HC

Bw
(lad tbal
Conc H.

Con
 AMMONIA
"CaOH), + Cali, + 2H,o+ 2 NH,
why aoUnd batlom flask
walis vapo foned may not aickl ba ck& evok a
artat doean
vsed' Ammohia
heact with bare
4. not Usealo Conc. H so, ( Rea ct with buic
am me ia)
Dogn ad_liplace mut of açn (au
NH, not cole ded by oloson sad oluplacemet
solublei ateh
7. Amm moum
u not wed n Paeparaton
8 ve eacteon for
for papanelsn
hy splosie du compose
Metal tide NH from
CMg3N, C a ,Ai)
3M (oH), + 22NH3 ‘
ALN
Aro t
kOhy ppanals NHy from metal nitde s
seldomdy Used Since nitdes experslve
Test
Cone. HeI
for H3 ’ bhen a glaes rogd olipped n
brou ght neas
dee shik fomes
Founan Ex peimn enl - 1: Shos that
solube in wale
Colour of foonoa à blue
12: Aqvesus ammona /ttqvo). USed as a
teaning agent emuliifes fat.
I3- (iguefiea diguid ammona wed
has hiyh datent heet
evaporton
CAlovo fluvoro caabon
So Auplared by HCFC [Hydg chloo fluereodapltiy
14 CFC O20ne
canboni
Anmona w but Non dtplety
+ 30 atnos
osphene of
’ 2 N, ‘
Ammoa burs
ygen n presence of atayst Hame].
Gas- Nitàe oxide, bo o bs
hcesewh- Coloud s
Redelh be
I7:
passed oven heated Co oidiset Rsddo
2 NH3+3lu0 -’3y +2fPe (ly 0sde
huh
bsew Bl ack R
t tNJu
 NH3 passed Lead Oxde
2 NHg t 3Pbo 3b t 3H20 + Ng
Excee
Obse
NH3
NH3 eacta
eacts
mtl
witk clorine
fomed
9NH3 + 3U 6NHi + Ng .ddene
Qo . NH3 + Exce st Chloie
NHg + 3cl, - 3HU+ NCla yellos explosi
21: NHrgen tricklride oly iquibJ
23 NHy0H
2 N H4oH
+
HNO 3
Habers
Preparathon of am monia Fe/Mo
Parocess Catalyst' Tren

Hmo NH
NH3
Pronoten- Molybdenum Nt
Phenol p tkatet
Reditmus
N,+34uso-So
(200-4oo) atm
Pik coloUY
Bue colouy
Lead cahbonate AAs Pbo CBuft yllo)
Gpper carbonale Cuo (Blaek )
Flame Yest - Ca2t - Brrck ad. - lac.lama.
’ Gotdan Yelou
Reachiom Lab þrepavati on r
Soela i n
dLcasbylabron Suacron.
Netka Sodiumaubalt Glaal acet'e acid
dous aceie
belo
Sodum pzoponcatr zakutoutSoda lin
CHy + HI.
Anby
2[H lbesc
yty rom alkye Ralde CHI 't HT

ERane CGH). on ele. alcohole a t

Prapoatn (cakydah
DeRycbohaloganatron?
Conc
KoH
ety alcodol
Poefaaon oEye
racohe> + x 8 yt
Cacs Cotd
Calcium 2t,0
Cazoid
icain Ra acrm 2HBr +-KeH GHOH+KBr
Ca,Co0GHsto
GHsoH’ elkanoal
cooH
ERaoic audt San. autala
bur
Methene Co,t 2H0
CAcoticaud) ’
C H4 t 20,
Carbayeaid &mell u
evotved. Ethane C, He+70’ 4co,+H,O