Diffeen ce operators

ien funcion and

let yfx) be a fiun his a
Such
Pied Value

that

2= X4th= ot2h

n th tnh

ASo

Notei
Vels witt fiel
egwidistant

intrval h. f interal
Jangtin
B Firs t
and it Carn be defi ned
shif ing operato (E)
x
E(f(x) = futh)
fon42 h)
ft2h)

E (fa) = fa n)
f u-zh)

E fa)

E[foa)]
ftaoth)
fray)
11
forward Difteyenca operator:
Iymko! () an d is detined ag
A(fui)= frath)- Au)
s(fin) = A(4f)
= A (finth)-fa)
F A(tath) - Afoa)
fagsh)fatn)- [ tusn)- tui]

Ayo = A(foas) )

to

A2

(y-9)
y2-2y 1+yo
 Backward Diern e operatr 8ymbal (o) and
an be detined as

fous- oth-h)

Vy

y2-2ytJo
Qnl deA'nel as
fethlt
 11
E(f) - fory =
) 1/E,e
)
F iv)
2
V=|-E i)
E=1t E-I L)
 Ihterpo l aton: () Nuwton's fow qrd Diffesen la
Inttpojation Fommwfa.

2 o t2 h ,

(Eq uad intmal data points)

|2
P-1D()
I3
T P(P-1) (e2)(P-3)
whete L4 ayot
b
0Y) Newton's forwgd bi
Ptnen a formwa is

P(P-) syo t PlP-1)(P-2) A'

2|
3|
4
t p(p-1)(p-2) (P-3) A
4!
tle-i) (p-)
(p-(nt))A"
 Feon a differen a table interpolate
when 4.

fca) P=
3 -30 = 4-3 1=0S
2
2
-30

30

9
+ Plp-) (P-)
31
-0
 find the aubil polynomi a ww n taee the tollewing
Vales
2 3

Aso find fa) and f'4).

teble for giun
The fowond tiffeen ce

data poins

(-l-) =-2
(a-):1 (0-2) lo42= 2,

41 d1-2
2

3 -10

HeYe hl
P= M-0
intpojajon

Now by Nwton's onwad ditferen la formua

2| 3)

I+ t (a-) -2) + X(oe- )(r2 ) (2.

2

(9)= 4)'/(4)t6= 46
 from the tube eothimate te embe& of Suelts who
obtajnd maeg between o and ys.
Matks 8o-4o 40-50 S0-60 6o-0
31
No f Stduut 31 4 2 35

MaykS below(y No of s} udus()

42 45
X50 73 5/ -I6 |2

|24 35 -4

3|
=40

Let n 45 h=lo

’ 45-4o
h
diffeen ce intekpolati on fomyJs
B New tn 5 toswad
o t payo t PlP) y+ P P ( P y 4 PIe-1) (P) (P-3) 4
f 2!
3/

=31 + (os) (42) + (o)(os-) (5) +

( )(6s-)(os-2) (-es
2
+ (o)(o-s-) (o-s-2) (o- 3) R
(3)
4X3x2x}
y8=No of Stullurt maluy beow 4s

Mase bern Go &yr= 48 -

3)
No od Stuley
Aewton's Backwsrd Interpolation

+ P|P+) P(P+D (e42)

v'ynt
(3
4
+ le+1)(42) (e+3) +

L4
.X- X n e
wherc h

23

4 cohen qs keol
interpol a h o n

We use foward

Value to when
interolaion
backward dittenehce
We to n
iS
to
aed Vaw
 Find the ubic þolynoia which takes

the folloai ng Vaj as fa-s)

2 3

1
3.fta)
fa)
+1 -2 |2
- 2
-1
2

P= -Xn
= 25-3 = -o5
h

PPt1)( t )
y: txl = ynt Pyn t Plet) gynt

(9+ (-o-s)49 t (-o) (os ti) (1o) +(o5) (-ort)

2
(-ost) |2

y:f)z lo
1o + (a-3)9 +2 ) + (a3) (.2)(a-1) 2
6
= |o +g-27 t 5/n3)|2) + a a-s) (a-2) (*-)

=lot91-29 +5-25X t30 +2 1 2 4 121 -2 x +)0

tas) = 35
 folowing jiven data sim ate the Populat
sing
191| |92| l63|
190|
year
G3
Popl ation 46 81
in Thous an AS
4f)

46

66 3
-3
81
|2
93 -4
Io|
I931

P= 2 - n

I925- 193| -6o6

P |O

pz-o6
 12 23

+ plrt) (e+2) (P3)

L4
(-4)
+ fhor6) 8 + {-o6) (-o6t1)
2.

+ (-o-6) (- 0.6+1) (-o6t2) -1)

fo6t)
+ (-o-6) (-o-642) (-o.c+3) -3) to"loo8
+o. b56
24 =lo|- 48 +o' 48

96-836 &

( In ThouSands )
19693 6-8

= 196834
 N wton 'S Bacewasd Interpola'on
ngerpolaton fomua fid
dat.
45
25
23)
332
354

tab e
the backwct

20 954
-22
332
25
-41 29
2g1
30

35 45
- 23
23|
De4=tnfVyn*-2t

L5 = -o6
P = =
42-45
zn445
5 h
Let x42
h b
Þacewoed interpo]aton
Nwtens
PPtI)(P12)(P3)
t Ple11)( e 4 3 ) - t

funtppyntPot)

2
(Pr4)
Plp41D Gt2) (Pt3)

24
(i4)(2-4) (s-4) (45)
(-o.s) (o4)
|20
 In H*pojation for unequd Interval :
poin ts
dua p0 in teva
Consider the
th
frrmla for and Xyo) is given b4
(x-3) (u-X4y)
(-x1) (-x1)
(do-X) (no-X) (ne-M) (o-y)

(x-Mo) (-X) a- X3) (Mr 4)

(y-)
a-no) (X-X) ( r )

( - o ) ( - 4 ) (2-X3) (01- y )

( n - ) (n- 2) ( - 4)
(x-o)
(3-de) (xy- ) (g-x) (ng-4)
( x - ) (-X2 ) Cx- 3)
+ (n-*,)

4
 normal
The Pollaai ng tase aies the 'wags da n born

gix mnth of uPe

baby in Pounds- duing the &in

in MoutS 2

in lbs S
|o |2

EShimate uegr of the bay aet

tle uetyr
he
4 mmtns.
Hee 54

(*- 1) (-2)
(o-n)

(rn )
(-o) (a-)

+ (- o) (2-4) (y- 3)
(a-Xa) (-x4) (2L-xy)
.

(a2

t ( - ) (1-x) (x-*2) -
h-a) (n-X4) (a-2).

= (4 -2) (4-3) (u5)(4r<) (s) +(4-o) (y2)(43)(4-s2

(o-2) (o-3) (o-5) (o-6) (6-o) (s-)(e3) 651
(46)(4-3) (4-5) (t6)1)
(2-o) (2-3) (25) (2-6)
(46)
+ 4-o) (4-2) (4-) (8)
(B-o) (3-2) (3- (3-6)
(4-<)
(4-o) (4-2) (4-3) (1o)
S- o)( s-2) (s-3) (s-«)
 2 C1) (-1) ()
F2)(-3)(-s) c)
t 4/)(-) (2) 56
-x()
(2)(-1) (-3) (-4)
+ (4)(2) (-) (-2) (s)
(3) )(-2) (-3)
+ (9() (D(-2) -/6o
X10 -30
(s) (3) (2) (-)
t4 (2) ()(-1) yU2)
(X4) (3) (1) 42

20

+)+ ( ) (
+ )tG)
5 33 S -).333
 2 6
5
14 |6
t =|o

t
fr= -xi) (x-*2 )(x-3) (-o) (x-*2) (a-X3)
do t
(o-X4)(r0-1,) (o-X}) (-to)(4-X2) (y-M3)
2-no) (x-xu) (1-*)
02 + (-o) (a-4) (-*2)
(e-Xo) ( * )(*a-*3) Rg- do )( - ) (M3- 12)

F 1o -6) (o-9) (le-ll),(2) 62)

.xa+ (o-s) (Io-3? (10 -l (13)
(s-4)(s-9) (5-1) (6 -5) (<-9) (6-0)
t (lo -s)(lo - 6) (|o-1)). (lo -5) (lo-6) (10-9)
|6
9-5)(3-4) (G-1) (11-g (Ik 6) (||-9)

= |4-66 6

4()(-) (12) + 5)()(-)

(13)
(-1) (-4) (- 6) ()(-3)(-S)
t s ()(-)
)C -(14) ++ (s7 (4)(1) |6
43) (-2) (s) (8 2)

oobg4t t (r43333) + |:.6666 ts

3333