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Wa0071.

The document discusses boxplots, their components, and how they visually represent data distributions, including characteristics of symmetric, negatively skewed, and positively skewed distributions. It includes examples and exercises related to constructing boxplots, analyzing data sets, and comparing distributions using boxplots. Additionally, it covers the interpretation of statistical measures such as range, median, and interquartile range.

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10 views8 pages

Wa0071.

The document discusses boxplots, their components, and how they visually represent data distributions, including characteristics of symmetric, negatively skewed, and positively skewed distributions. It includes examples and exercises related to constructing boxplots, analyzing data sets, and comparing distributions using boxplots. Additionally, it covers the interpretation of statistical measures such as range, median, and interquartile range.

Uploaded by

zobiamahwish730
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A boxplot displays the minimum and maximum values of the data together with the

quartiles and is drawn with a scale. The length of the box gives us the interquartile
range. A boxplot gives us a very clear visual display of how the data are spread out.

Example

The boxplot below shows the distribution of the part-time weekly earnings of a group
of Year-11 students. Write down the range, the median and the interquartile range for
these data.

Skewness
In the figure below a symmetric distribution is represented in the histogram and in the
boxplot. The characteristics of this boxplot are that the whiskers are about the same
length and the median is located about halfway along the box.

The figure below shows a negatively skewed distribution. In such a distribution, the
data peak to the right on the histogram and trail off to the left. In corresponding
fashion on the boxplot, the bunching of the data to the right means that the left-hand
whisker is longer and the right-hand whisker is shorter; that is, the lower 25% of data
are sparse and spread out whereas the top 25% of data are bunched up.
The median occurs further towards the right end of the box.

In the figure below we have a positively skewed distribution. In such a distribution,


the data peak to the left on the histogram and trail off to the right. In corresponding
fashion on the boxplot, the bunching of the data that the left-hand whisker is shorter
and the right-hand whisker is longer; that is, the upper 25% of data are sparse and
spread out whereas the lower 25% of data are bunched up.
The median occurs further towards the left end of the box.
Example

Explain whether or not the histogram and the boxplot shown below could represent
the same data.

Example

The results out of 20 of oral tests in a Year-12 Indonesian class are:

15 12 17 8 13 18 14 16 17 13 11 12

Display these data using a boxplot.


Exercise Set 2

Q1. For the boxplots shown, write down the range, the interquartile range and the
median of the distributions which each one represents.

a)

b)

c) d)
Q2. Each of the histograms shown below is labelled with a letter and each of the
boxplots is labelled with a number. Match each histogram with a boxplot which could
show the same distribution.

Q3. For each of the following sets of data construct a boxplot.

a) 3 5 6 8 8 9 12 14 17 18

b) 3 4 4 5 5 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 10 10 12
Q4. The maximum daily temperatures (in °C) for the month of October in Melbourne
are:

Represent this data in a boxplot.

Parallel Boxplots

In statistics there are many opportunities to compare two sets of data. We can
compare sets of data by drawing two or more boxplots using a common scale.

Example

The following two five number summaries for Sydney and Melbourne describe the
number of rainy days per month over two years.

Sydney: 9, 11, 13, 14, 15

Melbourne: 7, 10, 14, 16, 19

The boxplots are placed on a common scale.

Median for Sydney = 13 Median for Melbourne = 14

Interquartile range for Sydney = 14 – 11 = 3 Interquartile range for Melbourne = 16


– 10 = 6
Comparison: Melbourne has more rainy days per month. Its median is higher and
half its scores are above 14 compared to one quarter of the scores for Sydney.
Sydney has a more consistent pattern of rainy days because its range and interquartile
range are smaller than Melbourne’s.

Exercise Set 3

Q1. A concentration test was carried out on 40 students in Year 12 across Australia.
The test involved the use of a computer mouse and the ability to recognise multiple
images. The less time required to complete the activity, the better the student’s ability
to concentrate.
The data are shown by the parallel boxplots below.

a) Identify one similarity and one difference between the concentration spans of boys
and girls.

b) Find the interquartile range for the boys and girls.

Q2. Rigby and Alex are in different Year 11 Math classes. The following five
number summaries are for half-yearly exams in each class.

Rigby’s class: 48, 64, 75, 87, 96


Alex’s class: 47, 57, 69, 80, 96

a) Draw a double boxplot of these summaries.


b) What is the range for each class?

c) Both Alex and Rigby scored 85% in their half-yearly exams. Who has performed
better in relation to their own class? Justify your answer.

d) Can we calculate the mean from the information given? Explain.

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