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A Fixed Point Theorem For Multivalued Nonexpansive Mappings in A Uniformly Convex Banach Space

This document presents a fixed point theorem for multivalued nonexpansive mappings in uniformly convex Banach spaces. It establishes that if C is a closed convex bounded subset of such a space, then a nonexpansive mapping T from C into the family of nonempty compact subsets of C has a fixed point. The proof utilizes the concept of the asymptotic center and involves constructing sequences to demonstrate the existence of the fixed point.

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19 views4 pages

A Fixed Point Theorem For Multivalued Nonexpansive Mappings in A Uniformly Convex Banach Space

This document presents a fixed point theorem for multivalued nonexpansive mappings in uniformly convex Banach spaces. It establishes that if C is a closed convex bounded subset of such a space, then a nonexpansive mapping T from C into the family of nonempty compact subsets of C has a fixed point. The proof utilizes the concept of the asymptotic center and involves constructing sequences to demonstrate the existence of the fixed point.

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anishbanerjee607
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BULLETIN OF THE

AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY


Volume 80, Number 6, November 1974

A FIXED POINT THEOREM FOR MULTIVALUED


NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINGS IN A UNIFORMLY
CONVEX BANACH SPACE
BY TECK-CHEONG LIM1
Communicated by Alberto Calderón, February 19, 1974

Let C be a nonempty weakly compact convex subset of a Banach space


X, and ^ ( C ) be the family of nonempty compact subsets of C equipped
with the Hausdorff metric. Let T: C-^€(C) be a nonexpansive mapping,
i.e. for each x, y e C,
H(T(x)9T(y))£\\x-y\\9
where H(A, B) denotes the Hausdorff distance between A and B. A point
x e C is called a fixed point of T if x e Tx. Fixed point theorems for such
mappings T have been established by Mar kin [11] for Hubert spaces, by
Browder [2] for spaces having weakly continuous duality mapping, and
by Lami Dozo [7] for spaces satisfying OpiaPs condition. Lami Dozo's
result is also generalized by Assad and Kirk [1]. By making use of Edel-
stein's asymptotic center [4], [5], we are able to prove Theorem 1. Let C
be a closed convex subset of a uniformly convex Banach space and let {wj
be a bounded sequence in C. The asymptotic center x of {wj in (or with
respect to) C is the unique point in C such that

lim sup \\x — ut\\ = infjlim sup \\y — wj| :y e c } .

The number r=inf{lim supjjy—wj :y e C} is called the asymptotic radius


of {wj in C. Existence of the unique asymptotic center is proved by
Edelstein in [5]. Results on ordinal numbers used here may be found in
[13].
THEOREM 1. Let X be a uniformly convex Banach space and C be a
closed convex bounded nonempty subset of X. Let T: C-^€{C) be a non-
expansive mapping from C into the family of nonempty compact subsets of

AM S (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 46A05.


Key words and phrases. Fixed point, multivalued nonexpansive mapping, uniformly
convex Banach space, asymptotic center.
1
This research was conducted while the author held an Izzak Walton Killam Mem-
orial Scholarship under the supervision of Professor Michael Edelstein.
Copyright © American Mathematical Society 1974

1123
1124 T.-C. LIM [November

C (equipped with the Hausdorjf metric). Then T has a fixed point, i.e. there
exists x eC with x e Tx.
PROOF. Let a be a point in C fixed throughout the proof. Let {Am} be
a decreasing sequence of positive numbers and lim A w =0. For each ra,
the mapping Tm:C-*&(C) defined by Tm(x)=Àma+(l-ÀJTx is a
contraction mapping and hence has a fixed point xm (Nadler [12]). Thus
xme A.ma+(l—Am)Txm, and there exists ym e Txm with xm=Xma+
(1—Aw)j;m. Since C is bounded, we have

\\xm - ym\\ = K II* - ƒ m II ->0 as m -^ oo.


To facilitate the later description, we define i:{xm}->{ym} by i(xm)=ym
for all m. We say that a sequence {xn} is an essential subsequence of
{ym} if for some N>0, {xn}n^N is a subsequence of {ym}.
Define the sequence {x^} to be {xm}, i.e. x{^}=xm for each m ^ l . Let Q
be the first uncountable ordinal and ft be a countable ordinal, i.e. /?<£}.
Suppose that {x^} has been defined for every ordinal a less than ft in such
a way that {x$} is an essential subsequence of {x$} whenever d<y<ft.
We define {x^} as follows:
Case 1. j8 has an immediate predecessor, i.e., ft=oi+l for some
oc<£2. Let za be the asymptotic center of {x$} in C. For each ra, let
pm e Tza be chosen such that

UP» -rô'n^ n z. - ^ I I .
where yffl^iixffl); existence of such a/? w is a consequence of the non-
expansiveness of T and the compactness of Tza. Since Tza is compact and
{pm} ^ 7z a , there exists a convergent subsequence {/?wJ of {pm}. We then
define {xffl} to be the sequence {xffi}}.
Case 2. ft is a limit ordinal. Then there exists a strictly increasing
sequence {ocn} of ordinal numbers such that a n </J for each « and ocn—•/?,
i.e. for every a</?, there exists « such that a<oc n </9. By dropping a
finite number of terms if necessary, we may assume that {x^n)} is a sub-
sequence oï{xffl} wheneverp<n. We then define {x$} to be the sequence
constructed from {x(^n)} by the diagonal process, i.e., {x^ ) }={x^ w) }. Then
{xffl} is an essential subsequence of {xffl} for each n. Since &n->ft, {xffl}
is an essential subsequence of {x$} whenever a</?.
Hence {xffl} are defined for all a<jQ. Now for each a < i i , we let ra be
the asymptotic radius of {xffi} in C. Since {x$} is an essential subsequence
of {x$} whenever d<y, and since r a ^ 0 for every a < Q , the transfinite
sequence { r a : a < 0 } on the real line is decreasing and has lower bound
0. Let s=inf{r a :a<Q}. Then clearly lim{r a :a<Q} exists and equals s.
This can happen only if for some ft0<Q, f(X==s f ° r &U a with j8 0 <a<Q. Let
1974] MULTIVALUED NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINGS 1125

a be a fixed ordinal with j8 0 <a<fi. We shall show that the asymptotic


center za of {x$} is a fixed point of T.
From the way that {x\%+1)} is constructed from {xffl}, there exists a
convergent sequence {pm} c Tza with lim pm~p E Tza such that

(1) ll^-^+1)|l^lka~^+1)H

for all m, where ym+1)==i(x^+1)). Since {x(^+1)} is a subsequence of {x$}9


and x ^ + 1 ) - j ^ + 1 ) - > 0 , we have from (1):

lim sup ||p - ^ + 1 ) | | = lim sup \\p - y{«+1)\\


m m

^limsup||za-x£+1,||
m

<! lim sup \\za - x^U = ra = r a+1 .


m

It follows from the uniqueness of the asymptotic center that p=za+l and
za=z0L+1, where z a+1 is the asymptotic center of {x^+1)} in C. Hence z a =
p e Tza, completing the proof.
REMARK. Theorem 1 remains true if X is required only to be reflexive
and uniformly convex in every direction [6], [3], since in such spaces the
asymptotic center of a bounded sequence in a closed convex set is unique
[10].
We do not know whether Theorem 1 is true when C is required only
to be weakly compact and to have normal structure. For the application
of asymptotic center under this setting, see [8] and [9].

REFERENCES

1. N. A. Assad and W. A. Kirk, Fixed point theorems for set-valued mappings of


contractive type, Pacific J. Math. 43 (1972), 553-562.
2. F. E. Browder, Nonlinear operators and nonlinear equations of evolution in Banach
spaces, Proc. Sympos. Pure Math., vol. 18, part II, Amer. Math. Soc, Providence, R.I.
(to appear).
3. M. M. Day, R. C James and S. Swaminathan, Normed linear spaces that are
uniformly convex in every direction, Canad. J. Math. 23 (1971), 1051-1059. MR 44
#4492.
4. M. Edelstein, The construction of an asymptotic center with a fixed point property,
Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 78 (1972), 206-208. MR 45 #1005.
5. , Fixed point theorems in uniformly convex Banach spaces (to appear).
6. A. L. Garkavi, The best possible net and the best possible cross-section of a set in a
normed space, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Mat. 26 (1962), 87-106; English transi.,
Amer. Math. Soc. Transi. (2) 39 (1964), 111-132. MR 25 #429.
7. E. Lami Dozo, Multivalued nonexpansive mappings and OpiaVs condition, Proc.
Amer. Math. Soc. 38 (1973), 286-292. MR 46 #9816.
1126 T.-C. LIM

8. T. C. Lim, A fixed point theorem for families of nonexpansive mappings, Pacific J.


Math, (to appear).
9. , Characterizations of normal structure, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 43 (1974),
313-319.
10. , On asymptotic center and its applications tofixedpoint theory (submitted).
11. J. T. Markin, A fixed point theorem for set valued mappings, Bull. Amer. Math.
Soc. 74 (1968), 639-640. MR 37 #3409.
12. S. B. Nadler, Jr., Multi-valued contraction mappings, Pacific J. Math. 30 (1969),
475-488. MR 40 #8035.
13. W. Sierpinski, Cardinal and ordinal numbers, 2nd rev. éd., Monografie Mat., vol.
34, PWN, Warsaw, 1965, p. 382 and p. 390. MR 33 #2549.

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS, DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY, HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA,


CANADA

Current address: Department of Mathematics, University of Chicago, Chicago,


Illinois 60637

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