“GREEN BUILDING”

A Mini Project Synopsis Submitted in Partial

Fulfillments Of The Requirements For The Degree
Of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
CIVIL ENGINEERING
By
Abhay Pratap Chaudhary
Shubham Verma
Under The Guidance of
Mr. Bhanu Gupta
(Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering
Department) School Of Management Sciences,
Lucknow

DR. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
 Candidate’s
Declaration

I hereby announce that the effort offered in this

description named “GREEN BUILDING” was
accomplished by me. Matter represented here is
not published or submitted by the honor of any
other degree or diploma of any other institute or
university. I have given due credit to the innovation
sources for all the words, ideas, diagrams, graphics,
computer programs, experiments, results, that are
not my original contribution. I have used quotation
marks to identify verbatim sentences and given
credit to the original authors. I affirm that no
portion of my work is plagiarized, and the
experiments and results reported in the report are
not manipulated. In the event of a complaint of
plagiarism and the manipulation of the experiments
and results, I shall be fully responsible and
answerable.
 Certificate
Certified that I have carried out the research
work presented in this mini project entitled
“GREEN BUILDING” for the award of “Bachelor
of Technology” FROM Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
University, Lucknow under my supervision.
The mini project embodies the result of
original work, and studies are carried out by
the student himself, and the contents of the
project do not differ from this or any other
university.

Si
gnature
Mr. Bhanu Gupta
(Assistant professor)
Civil Engineering Department
School Of Management Sciences, Lucknow
 Acknowledgeme
nt
No words are enough to express my gratitude
towards my guide Mr. Bhanu Gupta (Assistant
Professor, SMS Lucknow) Department of Civil
Engineering School of Managements Sciences
Lucknow who has been very concerned and
has aided for all material essential for the
preparation of manuscript. He gave me
suggestions during the entire duration of my
research work, without which this work could
not have been possible. He has helped me to
explore this vast topic in an organized manner
and provided me with all the ideas on how to
work towards a research-oriented venture.
I would also like to thank Dr. Asha Kulshrestha
(HOD, SMS Lucknow) and all the faculty and
staff members who are always there at the
head of the hour and expected the help and
facilities which I required for the completion of
my representative piece of work. I would like
to thank my friend for showing me the right
direction out of the blue to help me stay calm
in the oddest of times and keep moving.
Table of
Contents
1. Introduction to Green Buildings
2. Importance and Benefits of Green Buildings
3. Key Principles of Green Building Design
4. Sustainable Building Materials
5. Energy Efficiency in Green Buildings
6. Renewable Energy Technologies
7. Water Conservation and Efficiency
8. Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)
9. Green Building Certifications and Standards
10. Case Studies of Green Building Projects
11. Green Building Technologies and
Innovations
12. Challenges in Implementing Green
Building
13. The Future of Green Building
14. Conclusion
Introduction to Green
Buildings
 Green building is the practice of designing, constructing,
and operating buildings in a way that is environmentally
responsible and resource-efficient. Green buildings are
designed to reduce their environmental impact throughout
their life cycle.

 A Green Building is one which uses less water, optimizes

energy efficiency, conserves natural resources, generates
less waste and provides healthier space for occupants as
compared to conventional building.
 Green buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact
on human health and natural environment.Using energy,
water and other resources efficiently. By reducing waste,
pollution and environmental degradation.

 The history of green building can be traced back to the

1960s and 1970s, when the environmental movement and
energy crisis led to the development of more energy-
efficient buildings. The concept of sustainable development
took hold in the 1980s, and the first green building
standards were introduced in the 1990s.
 Importance and Benefits of
Green Buildings
 Environmental Benefits:
- Reduction in carbon
emissions.
- Conservation of natural
resources.
- Reduced waste production
and landfill usage.
 Economic Benefits:
- Reduced operational costs
Due to energy and water
efficiency.
- Increased property value and
demand.
- Long-term financial savings.
 Health and Well-being :
- Improved air quality and comfort for occupants.
- Enhanced productivity in workplaces.
- Health benefits from better ventilation, lighting, and reduced toxins.
 Social and Community Benefits:
- Encouraging sustainable living.
- Building resilient communities.
- Raising awareness about sustainability.
 Key Principles of Green Building
Design

 Site Selection:
- Choosing low-impact
sites.
- Urban versus rural
design considerations.
- Protecting local
ecosystems.

 Energy Efficiency:
- Insulation, windows,
and airtight construction methods.
- Passive and active energy-efficient strategies.

 Water Efficiency:
- Use of low-flow plumbing fixtures.
- Greywater and rainwater harvesting.

 Sustainable Material Use:

- Use of recycled, sustainable, and low-impact materials.
- Locally sourced materials to reduce transportation emissions.

Sustainable Building Materials

 Overview of Sustainable Materials:
- Renewable resources like bamboo, cork, and reclaimed
wood.
- Recycled materials: Glass, steel, concrete.
 Benefits of Sustainable Materials:
- Reduced environmental impact during production.
- Longevity and low maintenance.
- Contribution to energy efficiency and building
performance.

 Lifecycle Assessment (LCA):

- Importance of assessing the entire lifecycle of materials
(production, use, and disposal).

 Material Sourcing:
- Local sourcing of materials to minimize transportation
costs and environmental impact.
- Certified materials, such as FSC-certified wood.

Energy Efficiency in Green Buildings

 Passive Design Strategies:
- Building orientation and layout to maximize natural light and ventilation.
- Thermal mass, shading, and natural insulation.

 Active Energy Systems:

- High-efficiency HVAC systems.
- Smart lighting and appliances.
- Insulated windows and energy-efficient doors.

 Energy Modeling:
- Using software tools to predict and optimize energy consumption.

 Smart Building Technologies:

- Building Automation Systems (BAS).
- Advanced controls for lighting, HVAC, and energy management.

Renewable Energy Technologies

 Solar Energy:
- Photovoltaic panels, solar water heaters, and building-integrated
photovoltaics (BIPV).
- Case studies of successful solar-powered buildings.

 Wind Energy:
- Small-scale wind turbines for on-site energy generation.
- Integrating wind and solar energy in buildings.
 Geothermal Energy:
- Ground-source heat pumps and geothermal heating/cooling systems.
 Biomass and Biofuels:
- Use of organic materials for heating and electricity generation.

Water Conservation and

Efficiency
 Water-Efficient Fixtures:
- Low-flow faucets, toilets, and showerheads.
- Smart irrigation systems that adjust based on weather data.

 Rainwater Harvesting:
- Collecting and storing rainwater for irrigation, cooling, and non-potable
uses.

 Greywater Recycling:
- Reusing wastewater from showers, sinks, and washing machines for
irrigation and toilet flushing.
  Water-Saving Landscaping:
- Xeriscaping and drought-resistant plants to minimize water use.

Indoor Environmental Quality

(IEQ)

 Ventilation and Air Quality:

 - Importance of proper
Ventilation systems,
air filtration, and moisture
control.
- Reducing indoor pollutants
such as volatile organic
compounds (VOCs).

 Natural Light and Lighting Systems:

- Maximizing daylight through windows, skylights, and light tubes.
- Use of energy-efficient lighting such as LEDs.

 Thermal Comfort:
- Maintaining optimal indoor temperatures using insulation and shading
devices.
- Using radiant heating/cooling systems for comfort.

 Acoustics and Noise Control:

- Use of soundproofing materials for better acoustic performance.

Green Building Certifications

and Standards

 LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design):

 - Overview of LEED certification process and benefits.
- Rating systems: New Construction, Existing Buildings, Homes.

 BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental

Assessment Method):
- A global certification system and its application.

 Living Building Challenge:

- The most stringent certification with regenerative standards.

 Other Certifications:
- WELL, Passive House, Green Globes, and their focus areas.

Case Studies of Green

Building Projects
 Case Study 1: The Edge, Amsterdam - A Smart, Sustainable
Office Building.
The Edge, located in Amsterdam, is an innovative office building that blends
cutting-edge technology with sustainability, earning recognition as one of the
greenest and smartest buildings in the world. Opened in 2014, the building
was designed to set a new standard for office spaces by integrating smart
technology to optimize energy efficiency and enhance the working
environment.

 Case Study 2: One Central Park, Sydney - A Green Building with

Vertical Gardens.

One Central Park is a groundbreaking mixed-use development in Sydney,

Australia, renowned for its innovative design and eco-friendly features.
Completed in 2014, the development includes residential apartments,
 commercial spaces, and public areas, with an emphasis on sustainability. Its
standout feature is the vertical gardens, which are among the largest in the
world, making it a symbol of green architecture.

 Case Study 3: Bosco Verticale (Vertical Forest), Milan - A Green

Residential Tower.
Bosco Verticale (Vertical Forest) is a pair of residential towers in Milan, Italy,
that represent a bold vision for the future of urban living. Designed by
Stefano Boeri Architetti, the towers were completed in 2014 and are
celebrated for their innovative integration of nature into the built
environment. These towers stand out as pioneering examples of green
architecture, with the idea of creating a vertical forest to combat the
challenges of air pollution and urban sprawl.
 Case Study 4: The Bullitt Center, Seattle - One of the greenest
commercial buildings in the world.
The Bullitt Center in Seattle, Washington, is renowned as one of the
greenest commercial buildings in the world, earning the title of the "greenest
commercial building" in terms of sustainability and environmental
performance. Opened in 2013, it is a living example of the Living Building
Challenge (LBC), the most rigorous environmental building certification
available. Designed by the Bullitt Foundation, the center demonstrates the
potential for achieving true sustainability in urban development, setting a
high bar for commercial real estate.
 Green Building
Technologies and
Innovations
 Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV):
- Integration of solar cells directly into the building structure.

 Green Roofs and Living Walls:

- Vegetative roofs for insulation, stormwater management, and
biodiversity.
 Smart Building Systems:
- Automation for energy efficiency, lighting, security, and HVAC.
- Building energy management systems (BEMS).

 Zero-energy Buildings:
- Design and operational strategies for buildings that produce as much
energy as they consume.

Challenges in
Implementing Green
Building

 High Initial Costs:

- Upfront investment in sustainable materials and technologies.

 Lack of Awareness and Education:

 - The need for greater public and professional understanding of green
building benefits.

 Regulatory Barriers:
- Zoning laws and building codes that may not support sustainable
designs.

 Resistance to Change:
- Challenges in convincing stakeholders, including developers and
investors, of the long-term benefits.

The Future of Green

Building
 Technological Advancements:
- Future technologies such as AI, smart grids, and materials
science improvements.

 Urban Planning and Sustainability:

- The growing role of cities in adopting green building principles.
 - The future of sustainable cities and urban design.

 Global Movements and Policies:

- The influence of global environmental agreements (Paris
Agreement, UN SDGs).
- Policies and incentives that drive green building adoption.

Conclusion
 Summary: Green buildings are essential for a sustainable future,
offering numerous benefits such as energy efficiency, reduced
carbon footprints, and enhanced well-being for occupants. By
incorporating environmentally-friendly materials, optimizing energy
use, and improving resource management, green buildings
contribute to mitigating climate change while providing cost
savings over time.
 Future Vision: The integration of green building practices should
become standard across all sectors, from residential and
commercial to industrial spaces. As technology advances and
sustainability becomes an even greater priority, the widespread
adoption of these practices will foster healthier environments,
reduce environmental impact, and support global efforts to
address climate change.
 Challenges and Opportunities: While there are challenges in the
widespread adoption of green building practices—such as higher
initial costs, lack of awareness, and technical limitations—these
obstacles also present significant opportunities. By overcoming
financial barriers, increasing education, and advancing innovation
in sustainable technologies, the potential for green buildings to
shape a more sustainable and resilient future is vast. The
opportunity lies in collaboration among governments, businesses,
and communities to build a greener, more sustainable world.