Android RIL Driver

User Guide

Rev. Android_RIL_Driver_User_Guide_V1.9

Date: 2020-05-11

Status: Released

www.quectel.com
 Android RIL Driver User Guide

Our aim is to provide customers with timely and comprehensive service. For any
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Quectel Wireless Solutions Co., Ltd.

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About the Document

Revision History

Version Date Author Description

1.0 2015-02-27 Carl YIN Initial

1.1 2015-03-25 Carl YIN Updated supported products

1.2 2015-04-07 Kent XU Added zero packet feature in Section 3.3.3.

1. Added GSM modules in supported products

1.3 2015-07-10 Kent XU 2. Added Android 5.x in supported Android
versions
Carl YIN/ 1. Added EC21&EC25 in supported products
1.4 2016-06-21
Neo HOU 2. Added FAQ

1.5 2016-08-23 Kent XU Added EC20 R2.0 in supported products

1. Added RIL driver integration by library in Section

3.5.
2. Deleted how to modify the right of RILD.
1.6 2017-01-05 Macro GAO
3. Added how to configure device permissions in
Section 3.6.2.
4. Added how to enable SELinux in Section 3.6.3.

1.7 2018-07-13 Macro GAO Added Android 8.x in supported Android versions

1. Added Android 9.x in supported Android

versions.
2. Added EC21, EC200T, EM06, EM12, EG12,
1.8 2019-03-07 Macro GAO AG36, UC200T& MC90 in supported products.
3. Updated the description of system configuration
in Chapter 3.
4. Added how to configure SElinux in Chapter 4.
1. Updated the applicable modules in Chapter 1.1.
1.9 2020-05-11 Marco GAO
2. Updated the supported Android versions in

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Chapter 2.3.
3. Added the supported IRadio versions in Chapter
2.4.
4. Updated the description in Chapter 3.2.
5. Updated reference documents for USB driver
installation of different modules in Chapter 3.3.
6. Updated Quectel RIL driver version for
customers using Android 8.0 or later versions in
Chapter 3.4.
7. Updated the description of service ril-daemon
configuration in Chapter 3.5.1.
8. Updated HIDL description in Chapter 3.5.3.
9. Updated how to configure SElinux in Chapter 4.
10. Updated how to catch logs in Chapter 5.
11. Removed the section of Why Short Messages
cannot be Sent or Received and added Why
Phone Process Does not Work in Chapter 6.

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Contents

About the Document ................................................................................................................................... 2

Contents ....................................................................................................................................................... 4
Table Index ................................................................................................................................................... 5
Figure Index ................................................................................................................................................. 6

1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 7
1.1. Applicable Modules ...................................................................................................................... 7

2 Overview of Android RIL Driver ......................................................................................................... 9

2.1. Directory Structure ....................................................................................................................... 9
2.2. Supported Functions .................................................................................................................. 10
2.3. Supported Android Versions ...................................................................................................... 10
2.4. Supported IRadio Versions ........................................................................................................ 11

3 RIL Integration .................................................................................................................................... 12

3.1. RIL Driver Structure.................................................................................................................... 12
3.2. PPP Configuration in Linux Kernel ............................................................................................ 13
3.3. USB Driver Installation in Linux Kernel ...................................................................................... 13
3.4. RIL Driver Integration by Library ................................................................................................ 14
3.5. System Configuration ................................................................................................................. 15
3.5.1. Configure Service ril-daemon .......................................................................................... 15
3.5.1.1. Modules Accessed by USB Interface .................................................................... 15
3.5.1.2. Modules Accessed by UART Interface .................................................................. 15
3.5.2. Modify rild.c (Applicable to Android Versions Prior to Android 8.0) ................................. 16
3.5.3. Add HIDL Description (Applicable to Android 8.0 or Later Versions) .............................. 17

4 SELinux Configuration ...................................................................................................................... 18

4.1. Modify Service ril-daemon Configuration ................................................................................... 18
4.2. Uncomment the Function of switchUser() ................................................................................. 18
4.3. Configure SELinux Rule for RIL ................................................................................................. 18

5 Debugging Method ............................................................................................................................ 20

5.1. Catch Logs Automatically (Recommended) .............................................................................. 20
5.2. Catch Logs Manually ................................................................................................................. 20
5.3. Common Log Tags ..................................................................................................................... 21

6 FAQs .................................................................................................................................................... 22
6.1. How to Set the APN ................................................................................................................... 22
6.2. Why Quectel RIL Driver Does not Work .................................................................................... 23
6.3. Why Phone Process Does not Work ......................................................................................... 23

7 Appendix A References..................................................................................................................... 25

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Table Index

Table 1: Applicable Modules......................................................................................................................... 7

Table 2: Supported Functions .................................................................................................................... 10
Table 3: Supported Android Versions ......................................................................................................... 10
Table 4: Supported IRadio Versions............................................................................................................11
Table 5: Common Log Tags ....................................................................................................................... 21
Table 6: Related Documents ...................................................................................................................... 25
Table 7: Terms and Abbreviations .............................................................................................................. 25

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Figure Index

Figure 1: Structure of RIL Driver Package ................................................................................................... 9

Figure 2: RIL Driver Structure .................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 3: Edit Access Point ........................................................................................................................ 22

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1 Introduction
This document mainly introduces how to integrate RIL (Radio Interface Layer) driver into Android OS of
customers’ target devices as well as how to modify the configuration files for starting RIL service.

1.1. Applicable Modules

The document is applicable to the following Quectel modules.

Table 1: Applicable Modules

ECxx: EC25/ EC20 R2.1/ EC21/ EC200T

EG9x: EG91/ EG95

LTE Standard Module Series
EG2x-G: EG21-G/ EG25-G

EM05

Ex06: EM06/ EP06/ EG06

LTE-A Module Series
Ex12: EM12/ EG12

Automotive Module Series AGxx: AG35

LPWA Module Series BGxx: BG95/ BG96

UCxx: UC15/ UC200T

UMTS/HSPA(+) Module Series
UGxx: UG95/ UG96

Mxx: M66/ M72/ M95

GSM/GPRS/GNSS Module Series
MCxx: MC60/ MC90

RMxx: RM500Q-GL/ RM510Q-NA

5G Module Series
RGxx: RG500Q

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NOTE

Quectel modules listed above may include multiple models. Please refer to the corresponding module
specifications for details.

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2 Overview of Android RIL Driver

2.1. Directory Structure

The file structure of Quectel RIL driver package is shown as below.

Figure 1: Structure of RIL Driver Package

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2.2. Supported Functions

Quectel RIL driver supports the following functions.

Table 2: Supported Functions

Functions Support or Not

SMS YES

Voice Call YES

Data Service YES

(U)SIM Tool Kit NO

Phonebook YES

2.3. Supported Android Versions

Presently, Quectel RIL driver supports the following Android versions.

Table 3: Supported Android Versions

Versions Support or Not

Android 4.x YES

Android 5.x YES

Android 6.0 YES

Android 7.x YES

Android 8.x YES

Android 9.x YES

Android 10.x YES

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2.4. Supported IRadio Versions

Quectel RIL driver supports the following IRadio versions.

Table 4: Supported IRadio Versions

Versions Support or Not

IRadio 1.0 YES

IRadio 1.1 YES

IRadio 1.2 YES

IRadio 1.3 NO

IRadio 1.4 NO

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3 RIL Integration
The chapter mainly describes the RIL driver structure and procedures of setting up an Android system
with the RIL driver.

3.1. RIL Driver Structure

Android RIL provides the abstract layer between Android telephony service and radio hardware.

The following figure illustrates the RIL in the context of Android telephony architecture.

Applications Phone Application

Call Tracker SMS Dispatch Service Tracker Data Tracker

Application Phone
Framework Java/android/telephony

RIL
Java/android/telephony/gsm

Unix

Libraries
Radio Daemon (RILD)
(User Space) /commands/rild

Vendor RIL
System/libs/libril-vendor.so

Packet Service
Linux Kernel Linux IP Stack

Voice and
Control
Packet Driver
PPP.for example

Baseband Baseband

Figure 2: RIL Driver Structure

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The RIL in Android is located between kernel and application framework. It is divided into two parts: RILD
and Vendor RIL.

RILD is responsible for communications between socket and application framework.

Vendor RIL is responsible for radio communication via AT command channel and data communication via
packet data channel (PDCH).

The java framework of RIL consists of two parts as well: RIL module and phone module. The RIL module
communicates with the lower RILD while the phone module directly provides phone function interfaces to
applications.

3.2. PPP Configuration in Linux Kernel

For modules accessed by UART interface, the kernel must be configured to support PPP dial-up. For
modules accessed by USB interface, the kernel needs to be configured to support PPP dial-up only when
the PPP function is used. For detailed operation procedures, please refer to Chapter 3.6 in
Quectel_WCDMA&LTE_Linux_USB_Driver_User_Guide.

3.3. USB Driver Installation in Linux Kernel

For modules accessed by USB interface, please integrate USB serial driver, CDC ACM driver, GobiNet
driver or QMI_WWAN driver in Linux kernel. Otherwise, please skip this section.

For detailed operation procedures, please refer to the following documents:

UCxx/ UGxx: Quectel_WCDMA&LTE_Linux_USB_Driver_User_Guide

EC2x/ EG9x/ EG2x-G/ EM05/ Ex06/ Ex12/
Quectel_LTE&5G_Linux_USB_Driver_User_Guide
AGxx/ BGxx/ RMxx/ RGxx:
EC200T: Quectel_EC200T_Linux_USB_Driver_User_Guide
UC200T: Quectel_UC200T_Linux_USB_Driver_User_Guide

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3.4. RIL Driver Integration by Library

Please put the following RIL library files provided by Quectel into the Android system.

1. For Android versions prior to Android 8.0

 For 32-bit Android system

 For 64-bit Android system

2. For Android 8.0 or later versions

 For 32-bit Android system

 For 64-bit Android system

NOTE

For customers using Android 8.0 or later versions, Quectel RIL driver V2.0.0 or later versions should be
used.

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3.5. System Configuration

In order to use the RIL driver normally, some configuration files in Android system should be modified.

3.5.1. Configure Service ril-daemon

Service ril-daemon can be configured by adding the following lines to init.rc or rild.rc. The relevant lines
will vary depending on the accessing interface and the android version being used.

3.5.1.1. Modules Accessed by USB Interface

For modules accessed by USB interface, add the following lines to init.rc or rild.rc:

 For Android versions prior to Android 8.0

service ril-daemon /system/bin/rild -l /system/lib/libreference-ril.so

class main
socket rild stream 660 root radio
socket rild-debug stream 660 radio system
user root
group radio cache inet misc audio sdcard_rw log

 For Android 8.0 or later versions

service ril-daemon /vendor/bin/hw/rild -l /vendor/lib64/libreference-ril.so

class main
user root
group radio cache inet misc audio sdcard_rw log
capabilities BLOCK_SUSPEND NET_ADMIN NET_RAW

3.5.1.2. Modules Accessed by UART Interface

For modules accessed by UART interface, add the following lines to init.rc or rild.rc:

 For Android versions prior to Android 8.0

service ril-daemon /system/bin/rild -l /system/lib/libreference-ril.so -- -d <UART port name> -B <baud

rate> -C <hardware flow control>
class main
socket rild stream 660 root radio
socket rild-debug stream 660 radio system
user root

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group radio cache inet misc audio sdcard_rw log

 For Android 8.0 or later versions

service ril-daemon /vendor/bin/hw/rild -l /vendor/lib64/libreference-ril.so -- -d <UART port name> -B

<baud rate> -C <hardware flow control>
class main
user root
group radio cache inet misc audio sdcard_rw log
capabilities BLOCK_SUSPEND NET_ADMIN NET_RAW

Meanwhile, the following parameters need to be configured accordingly:

 -d <UART port name>

The UART port which is currently used. For example: /dev/ttyS1.

It is optional to configure the following two parameters:

 -B <baud rate>

The speed of UART port. Unit: bps. For example: 115200, 230400 or 460800. The default baud rate is
115200.

 -C <hardware flow control>

1: Enable the hardware flow control function

0: Disable the hardware flow control function (default setting)

The location of init.rc file varies according to customers’ project settings. The following gives a
non-exhaustive list of file paths which may contain the init.rc file.

 device/fsl/imx6dq/sabresd_6dq/init.rc
 device/ti/am335xevm_sk/init.am335xevm.rc
 device/rockchip/rk3399/init.rk3399.rc
 device/samsung/smdkv210/init.smdkv210_sdmmc.rc

3.5.2. Modify rild.c (Applicable to Android Versions Prior to Android 8.0)

For Android versions prior to Android 8.0, RILD (ril-daemon) requires root privileges, which can be
achieved by commenting the function of switchUser() in the file ($Android_src)/hardware/ril/rild/rild.c.

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3.5.3. Add HIDL Description (Applicable to Android 8.0 or Later Versions)

On Android 8.0 or later versions, the communication interface between Android phone framework and
ril-daemon service has changed from socket to HIDL. Therefore the following HIDL description needs to
be added to manifest.xml.

<hal format="hidl">
<name>android.hardware.radio.deprecated</name>
<transport>hwbinder</transport>
<version>1.0</version>
<interface>
<name>IOemHook</name>
<instance>slot1</instance>
</interface>
</hal>
<hal format="hidl">
<name>android.hardware.radio</name>
<transport>hwbinder</transport>
<version>1.0</version>
<interface>
<name>IRadio</name>
<instance>slot1</instance>
</interface>
</hal>

The location of manifest.xml file varies according to customers’ project settings. For example:

 device/rockchip/rk3399/manifest.xml
 device/fsl/imx6dq/sabresd_6dq/manifest.xml

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4 SELinux Configuration
If the SELinux installed in customers’ Android devices is enabled and runs in enforcing mode, follow the
procedures below to make sure that Quectel RIL has full access to SELinux privileges. Otherwise,
customers can skip this chapter.

4.1. Modify Service ril-daemon Configuration

To make sure Quectel RIL has full access to SELinux priviledges, the user of service ril-daemon should be
radio. Therefore the user of service ril-daemon in the lines illustrated in Chapter 3.5.1 should be changed
from root to radio. An example with Android 8.0 for modules accessed by USB interface is shown below.

service ril-daemon /vendor/bin/hw/rild -l /vendor/lib64/libreference-ril.so

class main
user radio
group radio cache inet misc audio sdcard_rw log
capabilities BLOCK_SUSPEND NET_ADMIN NET_RAW

4.2. Uncomment the Function of switchUser()

To make sure Quectel RIL has full access to SELinux priviledges, the function of switchUser() mentioned
in Chapter 3.5.2 should be uncommented.

4.3. Configure SELinux Rule for RIL

The following definition should be added to ueventd.rc:

#quectel port
/dev/ttyUSB* 0660 radio radio
/dev/ttyACM* 0660 radio radio
/dev/cdc-wdm* 0660 radio radio
/dev/qcqmi* 0660 radio radio
/dev/cdc-acm* 0660 radio radio

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The following definition should be added to file_contexts:

/dev/ttyUSB[0-9] u:object_r:radio_device:s0
/dev/ttyACM[0-9] u:object_r:radio_device:s0
/dev/cdc-wdm[0-9] u:object_r:radio_device:s0
/dev/qcqmi[0-9] u:object_r:radio_device:s0
/vendor/bin/hw/rild u:object_r:rild_exec:s0
/dev/socket/rildOemHook u:object_r:rild_socket:s0

The following definition should be added to rild.te:

allow rild self:packet_socket { create bind write read };

The locations of ueventd.rc, rild.te and file_contexts may vary according to customers’ project settings,
but in general, these files are located in the following paths respectively by default.

 device/fsl/imx6dq/sabresd_6dq/ueventd.freescale.rc
 device/fsl/imx6dq/sabresd_6dq/sepolicy/rild.te
 device/fsl/imx6dq/sabresd_6dq/sepolicy/file_contexts
 device/rockchip/common/ueventd.rockchip.rc
 device/rockchip/common/sepolicy/file_contexts

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5 Debugging Method

5.1. Catch Logs Automatically (Recommended)

Catching logs automatically is recommended for Quectel RIL driver and it can be achieved by fulfilling two
prerequisites: disabling SELinux and applying the library files provided by Quectel. The detailed
procedures are as below:

1) Set SELinux to permissive if it is in enforcing mode.

adb root
adb shell setenforce 0

2) Create folder /data/quectel_debug_log on Android device and then restart it.

adb shell mkdir /data/quectel_debug_log

adb shell chmod 777 /data/quectel_debug_log
adb reboot

3) Get logs to local.

adb pull /data/quectel_debug_log

5.2. Catch Logs Manually

Quectel RIL driver also supports catching logs manually. The detailed procedures are as below:

1) Catch the logs of RIL module by typing the following command in Window’s CMD tool:

adb logcat -b radio -v time

2) Catch the logs of Android system by typing the following command in Window’s CMD tool:

adb logcat -v time

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5.3. Common Log Tags

The following table lists some log tags that are commonly applied.

Table 5: Common Log Tags

RIL /hardware/ril/reference-ril/refereince-ril.c

AT /hardware/ril/reference-ril/atchannel.c

RILD /hardware/ril/rild/rild.c

RILC /hardware/ril/libril/ril.cpp

RILB /frameworks/base/telephony/java/com/android/internal/telephony/BaseCommands.java

RILJ /frameworks/base/telephony/java/com/android/internal/telephony/gsm/RIL.java

GSM /frameworks/base/telephony/java/com/android/internal/telephony/gsm/GSMPhone.java

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6 FAQs

6.1. How to Set the APN

If the dialling process is interrupted, it is quite possible that the APN has not been set yet. Set the APN in
Android UI: “Settings”  “WIRELESS & NETWORKS”  “…”  “Mobile Networks”  “Access Point
Names”.

If nothing is found in “Access Point Names”, it indicates that the APN has not been set. In such a case,
customers need to add a new APN to the system. The following figure shows an example of the access
point editing interface. Please note that the Access Point Name varies according to the operators and
(U)SIM cards.

Figure 3: Edit Access Point

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6.2. Why Quectel RIL Driver Does not Work

There are many reasons that may cause the failure of Quectel RIL operation. Some common causes are
listed as below for troubleshooting.

1. RIL daemon is not running

Use command getprop init.svc.ril-daemon to check RIL daemon status. If no value is returned or
Stopped/ Restarting is returned instead of Running, it indicates that RIL daemon is not running.

2. RIL library is not loaded correctly

Check the "ril-daemon" service definition in init.rc through command cat /init*.rc | grep ril-daemon. The
expected result should be one of the following:

 service ril-daemon /system/bin/rild -l /system/lib/libreference-ril.so

 service ril-daemon /system/bin/rild -l /system/lib64/libreference-ril.so
 service ril-daemon /system/bin/rild -l /vendor/lib/libreference-ril.so
 service ril-daemon /system/bin/rild -l /vendor/lib64/libreference-ril.so.

Check the arguments, word spelling, blank space, etc. to make sure the RIL library is loaded correctly.

3. Cannot access USB serial port device file

 Use ls -l /dev/ttyUSB* command to check the access right of the device file.
 Use getenforce command to check whether the SELinux has been enabled. If yes, please use
setenforce 0 command to disable the SELinux.

4. The RIL library is not provided by Quectel

Use getprop gsm.version.ril-impl command to check the Quectel RIL version, and the returned value
should start with Quectel_Android_RIL_Driver_V. If not, it indicates the RIL library is not provided by
Quectel.

6.3. Why Phone Process Does not Work

Android system determines whether the system supports data access, phone, SMS and other features by
configuring items. The configuration items and APK names are listed below. Please check whether the
configuration is correct. Take imx6q as an example:

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 If data access is required, the attribute networkAttributes must contain the following items:

 If the phone feature is required, configure it as below:

 If SMS is required, configure it as below:

The above three configurations are in the file config.xml. The path can be, for example,
device/fsl/imx6dq/sabresd_6dq/overlay/frameworks/base/core/res/res/values/config.xml.

 The following files must be installed on Android devices.

/vendor/bin/hw/rild
/vendor/lib/libril.so
/system/priv-app/TeleService/TeleService.apk
/system/priv-app/TelephonyProvider/TelephonyProvider.apk
/system/framework/telephony-common.jar

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7 Appendix A References

Table 6: Related Documents

SN Document name Remark

Quectel_WCDMA&LTE_Linux_USB_Driver_User_ Linux USB driver user guide for WCDMA

[1]
Guide and LTE series modules
Linux USB driver user guide for LTE and
[2] Quectel_LTE&5G_Linux_USB_Driver_User_Guide
5G series modules
Linux USB driver user guide for EC200T
[3] Quectel_EC200T_Linux_USB_Driver_User_Guide
series modules

[4] Quectel_UC200T_Linux_USB_Driver_User_Guide Linux USB driver user guide for UC200T

Table 7: Terms and Abbreviations

Abbreviation Description

APN Access Point Name

bps Bit Per Second

HIDL Hardware Interface Definition Language

PDCH Packet Data Channel

PPP Point-to-Point Protocol

RIL Radio Interface Layer

RILD Radio Interface Layer Daemon

SELinux Security-Enhanced Linux

SMS Short Message Service

UI User Interface

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