Remainder Theorem)

1. The sum of the digits of a 3 digit number is 17, the hundreds digit is
twice the unit digit. If 396 is subtracted from the number, the order of
the digits will be reversed. Find the units digit.
a. 2 b. 3
c. 4 d. 5
2. 2000 kg of steel containing 8% nickel is to be made by mixing a
steel containing 14% nickel with another containing 6% nickel. How
much of the 14% nickel is needed?
a. 1000 b. 700
c. 500 d. 400
3. A chemist of a distillery experimented on two alcohol solutions of
different strength , 35% alchol and 50% alcohol respectively. How
many cubic meters of 35% strength must he use in order to produce
a mixture of 60 cubic meters that contain 40% alcohol.
a. 40 b. 30
c. 35 d. 20
4. How many liters of water must be added to 80 liters of a 40% salt
solution to produce a solution that is 25% salt?
a. 48 b. 45
c. 44 d. 40
5. One number is 5 less than the other. If their sum is 135, what is
the product of the numbers?
a. 4550 b.4135
c. 2140 d. 7150
6. The sum of two numbers is 21 and one number is twice the other.
Determine product of the numbers.
a. 100 b. 112
c. 98 d. 94
7 The denominator of a certain fraction is 3 more than twice the
numerator. If 7 is added to both terms of the fraction, the resulting
fraction is 3/5. Find the original fraction
a. 4/13 b. 5/13
c. 6/13 d. 7/13

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8. The sum of the digits of a 3 digit number is 14. The hundreds digit
being 4 times the unit digit. If 594 is subtracted from the number, the
order of the digits will be reversed. Find the ten’s digit of the number.
a. 4 b. 6
c. 8 d. 2
9. Six years ago, Jun was 4 times as old as John. In 4 years, he
would be twice as old as John. How is Jun now?
a. 12 b. 13
c. 21 d. 26
10. In 5 years, Jose would be twice the age of Ana. Five years ago,
Jose was 4 times as old as Ana. Find the sum of their present ages.
a. 35 b. 45
c. 40 d. 50
11. Jun can finish an accounting work in 8 hrs. Leo can finish the
same work in 6 hrs. After 2 hrs of working together, Jun left Leo for
lunch and Leo finished the job. How long does it take Leo to finish the
job?
a. 3 hrs b. 2.5 hrs
c. 3.5 hrs d. 4 hrs
12. A can do a piece of work in 10 days. After he has worked 2 days,
B came to help him and together, they finish the job in 3 days. In how
many days could B alone do the work?
a. 5 days b. 6 days
c. 7 days d. 8 days
13. A and B can do a piece of work in 42 days, B and C in 31 days
and A and C in 20 days. Working together, how many days can all
of them finish the work?
a. 19.23 days b. 18.87 days
c. 15.34 days d. 13.56 days
14. A, B and C can finish the same job is 7, 9 and 12 days
respectively. All of them worked for 2 days after which C was left to
finish the job? How long did C work?
a. 5.9 days b. 6.2 days
c. 6.3 days d. 5.5 days
15. In how many minutes after 2 PM will the hands of the clock be
at extend in opposite direction for the first time?

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 a. 45.6 min b. 43.6 min
c. 47.8 min d. 44.3 min
16. At what time a between 3 PM to 4 PM will the hands of the
clock be at right angle ?
a. 3 32 8/11 PM b. 3: 33 7/11
c. 3: 32 5/11 d. 3:33 5/11
17. In how many minutes after 3 PM will the hands of the clock be
together for the first time.
a. 16.45 min b. 16.36 min
c. 16.21 min d. 16.66 min
18. In how many minutes after 7 PM will the hands of the clock be
together for the first time?
a. 38.22 min b. 38.18
c. 39.22 min d. 39.44 min
19. At what time after 12 noon will the hour hand and minute hand of
the clock form an angle of 1200?
a. 21.818 min b. 22.34 min
c. 32.342 min d. 41.23 min
20. Find the quotient and remainder when 4y3 + 18y2 + 8y – 4 is
divided by 2y + 3?.
a. 2y2 + 6y – 5 rem 11 b. 2y2 - 6y – 5 rem 12
c. 2y2 + 6y + 5 rem 11 d. 2y2 + 3y – 5 rem 12
21. What is the remainder when 3x4 + 2x3 – 5x2 + x + 7 is divided by
x – 3?
a. 234 b. 262
c. 311 d. 312
22. What is the remainder when 3x4 + 3x3 – 5x2 - 5x + 7 is divided by
x + 2i ?
a. 12+3i b. 34 + 12i
c. 8-25i d. 75 + 22i
23. Let f(x) = x 5  ax4  3x 3  bx  4 . If f(x) is divided by x + 7 , the
remainder is -3805 , when divided by x + 1 the remainder is -1.
What is the value of a?
a. 2 b. 3
c. 4 d. 5

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24. A polynomial has an equation x5 – 5x4 + 5x3 + 15x2 + 36x + 20.
How many rational roots does it have?
a. 0 b. 1
c. 2 d. 3
25. How many real roots are there for a polynomial 7x7 + 5x5 + 3x3 +
x?
a. 0 b. 1
c. 2 d. 3
26. Find the least possible number of positive real zeros of the
polynomial P(x) = 3x6 + 4x5 + 3x3 – x - 3.
a. 1 b. 2
c. 3 d. 4
27. Given P(x) = 3x6 + 4x5 + 3x3 – x - 3, what is the maximum
possible number of real zeros in P(x)?
a. 3 b. 4
c. 5 d. 6
28. Find the value of k so that k – 3 is a factor of x4 – k2x2 – kx – 39
=0
a. -7/3 b. 3
c. 5/3 d. -3
29. Find the remainder when x3 + 3x2 – 5x + 7 is divided by
x + 1 – 3i?
a. 14-31i b. 14+ 51i
c. 18-51i d. 14-51i
30. Find the quotient when x3 – x2 + 3x – 6 is divided by x + 2i.
a. x2 + ( -1 -2i)x -1 + 2i b. x2 + ( -1 +2i)x -1 + 2i
c. x2 + ( -1 -3i)x -1 + 2i d. x2 + ( 1 -2i)x -1 + 2i

31. Find the upper bound of the roots of x4 – x3 – 2x2 – 4x – 24.

a. 1 b. 2
c. 3 d. 4
32. Find the lower bound of the roots of x4 – x3 – 2x2 – 4x – 24 = 0.
a. -1 b. -2
c. -3 d. -4
33. In an organization, there are CE, ME, and EE. The sum of all
their ages is 2160. Their average is 36. The average of CE and ME

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IS 39. The ME and the EE is 32 8/11 and the CE and EE is 36 2/3.
If each CE had been one year older, each ME 6 year older and each
ME 6 years older, their average age will increase by 5. Find the
number of CE in the organization. PAST CE BOARD
a. 16 b. 18
c. 23 d. 30
34. Find the product of 2 numbers such that their sum multiplied by
the sum of their squares is 5500 and their difference multiplied by the
difference of their squares is 352. (PAST CE BOARD )
a. 121 b. 132
c. 117 d. 361
35. An alloy of silver and gold weigh 15 oz in air and 14 oz in water.
Assume that silver loses 1/10 of its weight in water and gold loses
1/18 of its weight, how many gold is in the alloy? PAST ECE BOARD
a. 11.25 oz b. 10.35 oz
c. 12.50 oz d. 10.25 oz

36. A certain loan association has invested P 500,000 in 3 different

transactions. First investment is in real earning 9% interest annually;
second investment is in loans earning 6% annually, and the 3 rd
investment in bonds earning 4% annually. The total annual income in
interest is P 34,000, but the annual interest in loans is 3 times that in
bonds. How much in the investment in real estate. PAST ECE
BOARD
a. 150000 b. 200000
c. 180000 d. 125000

37. Find the smallest positive number among the 4 numbers such
that the sum of the 1st , 3rd and 4th exceeds the second by 8; the sum
of the squares of the 1st and the 2nd exceeds the sum of the squares
of the 3rd and the 4th by 36; the sum of the products of the 1st and the
2nd and 3rd and 4th is 42; the cube of the 1st equals the sum of the
cubes of the 2nd , 3rd and 4th . PAST CE BOARD
a. 1 b. 2
c. 3 d. 4

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38. It is now between 9 and 10 o’clock. In 4 minutes, the hour hand
will be directly opposite the position occupied by the minute hand 3
minutes ago. What time is it? PAST ECE BOARD
a. 9:19 b. 9:20
c. 9:21 d. 9:22

39. At what time after 2 o’clock will the angle between the hands of
the clock be bisected by the line connecting the center of the clock
and the 3 o’clock mark? PAST ECE BOARD
a. 2: 18.33 b. 2:18.56
c. 2:18.46 d. 2:18.23

40. The time is past 2 PM. In 10 minutes, the minute hand will be as
much as the hr hand as it is now behind it. What time is it?
a. 2:05.909 b. 2:05.809
c. 2:05.709 d. 2:05.701
Solution:
1. Let x = hundred digit y = ten’s digit z = unit digit
No = 100 x + 10y + z Reversed Number = 100z + 10y + x
x + y + z = 17 (1)
x = 2z (2)
100z + 10y + x = 100 x + 10y + z - 396 (3)
Arrange:
x + y + z = 15
x - 2z = 0
-99x +99z = -396 (MODE 5 2 )
So, x = 8 y = 3 and z = 4
Ans. z = 4
2. Let x = amount of 14% nickel
y = amount of 6% nickel
Then: x + y = 2000
0.14 x + 0.06 y = 2000(0.08) = 16 (MODE 5 1 )
x = 500, y = 1500
Ans. x = 500
3. Let x = amount of 35% alcohol

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 y = amount of 50% alcohol
Then: x + y = 60
0.35x + 0.50 y = 0.4(60) = 24 ( MODE 5 1)
Ans.: x = 40, y = 20
4. Let X = liters of water to be added.
Then: ( X + 80)(0.25) = 80(0.4)
Ans.: X = 48
5. Let X = one number
Y = the other number
Then: X + Y = 135
X= Y–5
Arrange:
X + Y = 135
X – Y = - 5 (MODE 5 1)
X = 65, Y = 70
Ans,: Product = 65 x 70 = 4550
6. Let X = one number
Y = the other number
Then: X = 2 Y Æ X – 2Y = 0
X + Y = 2 (MODE 5 1)
X = 14, Y = 7
Ans.: XY = 98
7. Let X = numerator
Y = denominator
Y = 3 + 2X ► -2X + Y = 3 (1)
x 7 3
► 5( X +7) = 3( Y + 7) 5X – 3Y = -14 (2)
y 7 5
Solve (1) and ( 2)
X = 5, Y = 13
Ans. 5/13

8. Let X = hundred’s digit

Y = ten’s digit
Z = unit digit
No = 100 x + 10y + z
Reversed Number = 100z + 10y + x

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 X + Y + Z = 14
X = 4Z ► X – 4Z = 0
100z + 10y + x = 100x + 10y + z – 594
► -99x + 99 z = - 594
The equations:
X + Y + Z = 14
X - 4Z = 0
-99X +99Z = -594 (MODE 5 2)
X=8 Y=4 Z = 2
Ans. 4

9. 6 years ago present age 4 years from now

x -6 x(Jun’s age) x+4
y -6 y(John’s age) y+ 4
So, x – 6 = 4( y – 6) ► x – 4y = -18
x + 4 = 2( y + 4) ► x – 2y = 4 (MODE 5 1)
Ans. X = 26, Y = 11
10. 5 years ago present age 5 years from now
X -5 X (Jose) X+5
Y -5 Y (Ana) Y+5
So, X + 5 = 2( Y + 5 ) ► X – 2Y = 5
X – 5 = 4( Y – 5) ► X – 4Y = -15 (MODE 5 1)
X = 25, Y = 10
Ans.: X + Y = 35
11. Let x = time Leo will finish the job after working for 2 hrs.
Then: 2/8 + 2/6 + x/ 6 = 1
Ans.: x = 2.5
12. Let X = time B can do the work alone
Then: 2/10 + 3/10 + 3/x = 1
Ans,: x = 6

13. Let X , Y and Z = A, B and C can finish the job alone resp.
Then: 42/x + 42/y= 1
31/y + 31/z =1
20/x + 20/y = 1 (MODE 5 2)

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 So, 1/x = 541/26040; 1/y = 79/26040; 1/z = 761/26040
Then: 1/z = 1/x + 1/y + 1/z = 1381/26040
z = 18.855 days
14. 2/7 + 2/9 + 2/12 + x/12 = 1
x = 82/11
x + 2 = 5.90476 days
15. ENTER: MODE 3 2
Input the given coordinates MODE 3 2
X Y
0 -60 ( 2 x -30)
60 270 ( -60 + 330)
ENTER: AC
compute 180x̂ ( 180 SHIFT 1 5 4 )
Ans. 43.6363

16. Input the given coordinates MODE 3 2

X Y
0 -90 ( 3 x -30)
60 240 ( -90 + 330 )
ENTER: AC
Compute: 90 x̂ (90 SHIFT 1 5 4 ) SHIFT S↔D
Ans. 32 8/11

17. SAME COORDINATES AS 16

COMPUTE: 0 x̂ ( 0 SHIFT 1 5 4 )
Ans. 16.363636

18. ENTER: MODE 3 2

INPUT THE GIVEN COORDINATES
X Y
0 -210 ( 7 x -30)
60 120 ( -210 + 330)
ENTER: AC
ENTER: 0 x̂ ( 0 SHIFT 1 5 4 )
Ans. 38.18 min

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19. ENTER: MODE 3 2
INPUT THE GIVEN COORDINATES
x y
0 0
60 330
ENTER: AC
Ans. 21.818 min
20. Using Synthetic Division
4 18 8 - 4 |-3/2
-6 -18 15
4 12 -10 11
(4y2 + 12y – 10)/2 rem 11
or 2y2 + 6y – 5 rem 11

21. Let f(x) = 3x4 + 2x3 – 5x2 + x + 7

f(3) = 262
Note: Enter 3x4 + 2x3 – 5x2 + x + 7 CALC 3 =

22. Let f(x) = 3x4 + 3x3 – 5x2 – 5x + 7

f(-2i) = 3(-2i)3(-2i) + 3(2i)3 – 5(2i)2 -5(2i) + 7
ENTER: MODE 2
ENTER: 3x3 x + 3x3 – 5x2 – 5x + 7 CALC 2i =
Ans. 75 + 22i
23. f(x) = x 5  ax4  3x 3  bx  4
f(-7) = -3805 -3805 = (-7)5 + a(-7)4 – 3(-7)3 + b(-7) – 4
74a – 7b = 11977 (1)
f(-1) = -1 -1 = (-1) + a(-1) -3(-1)3 + b(-1) – 4
5 4

a–b= 1 (2)
ENTER: MODE 5 1
Ans. a = 5, b = 4

24. The possible rational roots using the rational root theorem are
factors of 20 which are 1, -1, 2, -2, 4, -4, 5, -5, 10, -10, 20, -20:
ENTER: MODE 7 f(x) = x5 – 5x4 + 5x3 + 15x2 + 36x + 20
ENTER: START = -20 END = 0 STEP = 1

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 Note: That the column for f(x) has no roots from -20 to 0.
ENTER: AC Edit START = 0 END = 20 STEP = 1
The column for f(x) has no zero.
Therefore: No rational roots. (a)

25. 7x7 + 5x5 + 3x3 + x = x(7x6 + 5x4 + 3x2 + 1 )

So one real root = 0.
For 7x6 + 5x4 + 3x2 + 1 = 0
Using Descartes Rule of Signs
7 5 3 1 (There is no shift in sign )
+ + + + (No positive real root)
f(-x) = 7(-x)7 + 5(-x)5 + 3(-x)3 + -x
= -7x7 – 5x5 – 3x3 - x
-7 -5 -3 -1 ( No shift in sign )
(No negative real roots )
The only real root is x = 0 Ans ( b)
26. Using Descartes Rule of Signs:
3 4 3 -1 - 3
+ + + - - (There is only 1 change of sign
From 3 to -1 . Answer (1)

27. F(-x) = 3x6 – 4x5 – 3x3 + x - 3

3 -4 -3 1 - 3
+ - - + - ( 3 changes in signs)
Possible number of negative real roots are 3 o r 1.
From problem 26, there is only 1 possible real root.
Therefore, the maximum possible number of real roots
1 + 3 = 4 (b)
28. Let f(x) = x – k x – kx – 39
4 2 2 f(3) = 0
0 = 34 – k2(3)2 – k(3) – 39 ► 9k2 + 3k -42 = 0
ENTER: MODE 5 3
Ans. X = 2 and X = -7/3

29. Let f(x) = x3 + 3x2 - 5x + 7

f(-1 + 3i) = 14-51i

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 Note: ENTER: MODE 2:
ENTER: x3 + 3x2 - 5x + 7
ENTER: CALC -1 + 3i =

30. Find the quotient when x3 – x2 + 3x – 6 is divided by x + 2i.

Use synthetic division.
1 - 1 3 - 6 | -2i
-2i -4 +2i 4+ 2i
1 -2i-1 -1 + 2i -2 + 2i
Ans. x2 + ( -1 -2i)x -1 + 2i

31. Use synthetic division

1 -1 - 2 -4 - 24 |1
1 0 -2 -6
1 0 -2 - 6 -30

1 -1 -2 -4 -24 |3
3 6 12 24
1 2 4 8 0
Upper bound (Third line are all positive or zero )
Ans. 3
32. To get the lower bound
Use Synthetic Division:
1 - 1 -2 -4 - 24 | -2
-2 6 -8 24
1 -3 4 -12 0
The signs alternate, therefore -2 is a lower bound.
33. Let x = number of CE; y = number of ME; z = number of EE
A = ave. age of CE B = ave. age of ME and C = ave. age of
EE
Then :x A + y B + z C = 2160 (1)
( x A + y B + z C )/( x + y + z ) = 36 (2)
(x A + y B)( x + y ) = 39 (3)
( y B + z C )/( y + z ) = 32 8/11 (4)
( x A + z C )/( x + z ) = 36 2/3 (5)
(1x + 6y + 7z)/( x + y + z ) = 5 (6)

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 From 2 , x A + y B + z C = 36( x + y + z )
Substitute this to eq. 1
36( x + y + z ) = 2160
x + y + z = 60 (7)
From 6:
x + 6y + 7z = 5x + 5y + 5z
-4x + y + 2z = 0 (8)
Add eq. 3, 4 and 5.
x A + y B = 39x + 39y
y B + z C = 360/11 y + 360/11 z
xA + z C = 110/3x + 110/3z
2x A + 2y B + 2z C = 227/3x + 789/11y + 2290/33 z
2( x A + y B + z C ) = 2( 2160)
Then: 227/3x + 789/11y + 2290/33 z = 4320 (9)
Solve 7 , 8 and 9 ( MODE 5 2 )
x = 16 y = 24 z = 20

34. Let x and y be the numbers

Then : (x + y )( x2 + y2 ) = 5500 (1)
( x – y)( x - y ) = 352
2 2 (2)
From: Eq. (2) ( x – y)( x – y)( x + y ) = 352
(x – y)2( x + y ) = 352 (3)
Divide Eq. 3 by Eq. 1.
( x – y)2 / ( x2 + y2 ) = 352/5500 = 8/125
( x2 – 2xy + y2 )/( x2 + y2 ) = 8/125
125 ( x2 – 2xy + y2 ) = 8( x2 + y2 )
117x2 – 250xy + 117y2 = 0
Factor: Use MODE 5 3
Input 117 - 250 117
Answers 13/9 , 9/13
( 13x – 9y)( 9x – 13y ) = 0
x = 9y/13 or x = 13y/9
Use Eq. 1
( 9y/13 + y)( [ 9y\13]2 + y2 ) = 5500
Use Shift CALC:
y = 13 and x = 9(y)/13 = 9

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 Ans. Product = 13 x 9 = 117

35. Let x = amount of silver in the alloy

y = amount of gold in the alloy
Then: x + y = 15
x/10 + y/18 = 15 -14 = 1
USE MODE 5 1
Ans. x = 3.75; y = 11.25
36. Let x = investment in real eanings.
y = investment in loans earnings
z = investment in bonds
Then: x + y + z = 500,000
0.09x + 0.06y + 0.04z = 34,000
0.06x = 3( 0.04z ) Æ 0.06x + 0y - 0.12 z = 0
USE MODE 5 2
Ans.: x = 200,000 y = 200,000 z = 100000
37. Let x , y , z and w be the numbers.
Then: x + w + z – y = 8 (1)
x + y – z – w = 36
2 2 2 2 (2)
xy + zw = 42 (3)
y3 + w3 + z3 = x3 (4)

From (3) : -2xy - 2zw = -84 Add this to (2)

x2 - 2xy + y2 - z2 - 2zw – w2 = 36 - 84 = -48
( x – y )2 - ( z + w )2 = - 48
[ ( x – y) – ( z + w) ] [ ( x – y) + ( z + w ) ] = - 48
Divide this to eq 1.
x–y–z–w =-6 (5)
Add eq ( 1 ) and eq ( 5 )
2x – 2y = 2 or x - y = 1 (6)
Subtract eq 1 and eq 5
2w + 2z = 14 or w + z = 7 (7)

Note: ( x – y)3 = x3 - 3x2 y + 3xy2 – y3

x3 – y3 = ( x – y)3 + 3x2y – 3xy2
= ( x – y)3 + 3xy ( x – y )

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 Thus: x3 – y3 = 13 + 3xy
x3 – y3 = 1 + 3xy (8)
Also ( x + y)3 = x3 + 3x2y + 3xy2 + y3
x3 + y3 = ( x + y)3 - 3xy ( x + y )
w3 + z3 = ( w + z )3 – 3wz ( w + z )
w3 + z3 = 73 – (3wz)(7)
w3 + z3 = 73 – 21wz (9)
But from (4) x3 – y3 = w3 + z3
Then 1 + 3xy = 73 – 21wz
3xy + 21wz = 342 (10)
xy + wz = 42 (3)
USE MODE 5 1
xy = 30 wz = 12
x – y =1 w+ z= 7
x=y+ 1 w=7-z
(y)( y + 1) = 30 ( 7 – z)(z) = 12
y + y – 30 = 0
2 -z2 + 7z – 12 = 0
USE MODE 5 3 USE MODE 5 3
y = 5, - 6 z= 4, 3
x = 6, - 5 w=3, 4
38. Let X = position of minute hand after 9 PM ( in minutes)
Then 45 + X/12 = position of the hr hand.
Position occupied by the minute hand 3 min ago = X - 3
Position occupied by the hr hand in 4 min = 45 + ( X + 4)/12 +
30
So, X – 3 + 30 = 45 + ( X + 4 )/12
Ans. 20

39. Let X = position of the minute hand after 2 o’clock (in minutes )
Then: 10 + X/12 = position of the hr hand.
Angle between them after X min = X – ( 10 + X/12)
Half of this angle = ( X - 10 - X/12)/2 = X - 15
X = 18.46
40. Let X = position of the minute hand ( in min ) after 2 PM.
Then: 10 + X/12 = position of the hr hand.
In 10 min , angle between the min hand and the hr hand

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