DEVELOPMENT OF SMART CRIME MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

BY

JOHN PHILIMON

20D/360010

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

ADAMAWA STATE UNIVERSITY MUBI

SEPTEMBER, 2024
 TITLE PAGE

DEVELOPMENT OF SMART CRIME MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

BY

JOHN PHILIMON

20D/360010

A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT

ADAMAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, MUBI,
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF
BACHELOR’S DEGREE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE,
FACULTY OF SCIENCE ADAMAWA STATE UNIVERSITY, MUBI, NIGERIA.

SEPTEMBER, 2024

i
 DECLARATION

I JOHN PHILIMON hereby declare that this project titled “Development of Smart Crime
Management System” has been carried out by me under the supervision of DR. YUSUFU
GAMBO. All the materials and information used are properly acknowledged through
reference.

JOHN PHILIMON ………………………… ………………………….

Sign Date

ii
 CERTIFICATION

This project titled “Development of Smart Crime Management System” by JOHN

PHILIMON 20D/360010 has been examined and approved for the award of Bachelor of
science (BSc.Hons) Degree in computer science of the Adamawa state university, Mubi and is
approved for its literary presentation and contribution to knowledge.

DR. YUSUFU GAMBO ………………………… ………………………….

(Project Supervisor) Sign Date

DR. YUSUFU GAMBO ………………………… ………………………….

(Head of Department) Sign Date

DR. AHMADU ASABE SANDRA ………………………… ………………………….

(External Supervisor) Sign Date

iii
 DEDICATION

This project work is dedicated to Almighty God for His protection, wisdom, knowledge, and
understanding throughout the period of my studies. This project work is also specially
dedicated to my ever beloved family John Wathla Wali Hussara

iv
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

My appreciation goes to Almighty God my creator for giving me the strength, idea, wisdom,

knowledge and resource for writing this project from the beginning up to the end.

My secondly my appreciation goes to my supervisor Dr. Yufusu Gambo who doubled the

Head of department, for simulating recommendations and his inspiration helped me all

through the course of this research writing of the project, for his tolerance, advice during the

course of this project.

My deep appreciation goes to my Parents John Wathla Wali of Hussara District Ijapelidari

John, Hajiya Rakiya Ahmed Audi First Lady of CG NSCDC, for their support both morally,

prayers financially, and spiritual since my birth may the Grace of Almighty God be sufficient

upon them always and protect them throughout their staying on earth and may they live to

reap the fruit of their labour and may God bless the works of their hands. (Amen).

Moreover, my appreciation goes to all lecturers in the department of Computer Science; Prof.

Christopher U. Ngene, Prof. B.Y. Baha, Dr. Yufusu Gambo, Dr. Ibrahim Manga, Dr. Omega

Sarjiyus, Dr. Bali Bulus, Mr. Neils B. Joel, Mr. El-Yaqub M. Baba, Isacha Habilia and

Benjamin Ezra for the knowledge they impacted in me.

To my friends Ustahyel James, Matthew Lafia, Usman Mustapha, Sadiq Salisu, Habaga

Aliyu, Tobi Bitrus and my boss Oliver Yuduma, SC. Abdulahi Bello, and my brothers and

sisters Joel Shuiabu, Jonthan John, Janet John, Ijubula John, Joseph John, Monica John. My

dear Jessica Z. Gadzama. my course mates the NACOS President Innocent I. Kpanah, Yakubu

Simon(Yaks), Tangulama Christopher, Innocent David, Joshua Yakubu, Solemale A. Ira,

Moh’d Tukur, H-Man and many more to mention but a few. May God reward you all.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE...............................................................................................................................I
DECLARATION.......................................................................................................................II
CERTIFICATION....................................................................................................................III
DEDICATION..........................................................................................................................IV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.........................................................................................................V
LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................................................IX
LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................................................X
ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................................XI
CHAPTER ONE.........................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................1
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY................................................................................1
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM...............................................................................3
1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY................................................................5
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY.................................................................................5
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY................................................................................................7
1.6 DEFINITION OF OPERATIONAL TERMS.................................................................8
CHAPTER TWO......................................................................................................................10
LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................................10
2.1 OVERVIEW..................................................................................................................10
2.2 CONCEPT OF CRIME MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS.................................................10
2.2.1 INTEGRATED CRIME MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS................................................10
2.2.2 URBAN CRIME MANAGEMENT..............................................................................11
2.2.3 GIS TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION.........................................................................11
2.2.4 DATA MINING TECHNIQUES..................................................................................12
2.2.5 USER-CENTERED DESIGN APPROACHES............................................................12
2.2.6 BLOCKCHAIN FOR SECURITY................................................................................13
2.2.7 MOBILE APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT..............................................................13
2.2.8 MACHINE LEARNING FOR CRIME PREDICTION................................................14
2.2.9 CLOUD-BASED CRIME MANAGEMENT................................................................14

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2.2.10 ETHICAL AND PRIVACY CONSIDERATIONS...................................................15
2.3 MODELS OF CRIME MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.....................................................16
2.3.1 INTEGRATED CRIME MANAGEMENT MODEL...................................................16
2.3.2 URBAN CRIME MANAGEMENT MODEL...............................................................17
2.3.3 GIS-BASED CRIME ANALYSIS MODEL.................................................................18
2.3.4 DATA MINING AND PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS MODEL....................................19
2.3.5 USER-CENTERED DESIGN MODEL........................................................................20
2.4 RELATED WORKS......................................................................................................20
2.5 SUMMARY...................................................................................................................23
CHAPTER THREE..................................................................................................................25
METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................................25
3.1 OVERVIEW.......................................................................................................................25
3.2 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION..........................................................................25
3.3 ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM......................................................................25
3.4 PROBLEMS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM...............................................................26
3.5 PROPOSED MODEL...................................................................................................27
3.6 SYSTEM DESIGN.............................................................................................................28
3.6.1 USE CASE DIAGRAM................................................................................................28
3.6.2 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM.............................................................................................30
3.6.3 DATABASE TABLES....................................................................................................32
3.6.4 ENTITY RELATIONAL DIAGRAM.............................................................................36
3.7 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT..............................................................................................37
3.7.1 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY.....................................................37
3.7.2 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT TOOLS/TECHNOLOGIES........................................38
3.8 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT...............................................................................................40
3.8.1 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT......................................................................................40
3.8.2 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT.....................................................................................40
CHAPTER FOUR.....................................................................................................................42
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION...............................................................................................42
4.1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................42

vii
4.2 RESULTS...........................................................................................................................42
4.3 DISCUSSION.....................................................................................................................46
CHAPTER FIVE......................................................................................................................48
SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION.................................................48
5.1 SUMMARY........................................................................................................................48
5.2 CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................48
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS....................................................................................................49
REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................52

viii
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1 accused_info……………………………………………………………………….32

Table 3.2 admin_login……………………………………………………………………….32
Table 3.3 case_admin_confirm………………………………………………………………32
Table 3.4 case_diary…………………………………………………………………………33
Table 3.5 Create_Subadmin…………………………………………………………………..33
Table 3.6 fir…………………………………………………………………………………..34
Table 3.7 fir_rejected…………………………………………………………………………34
Table 3.8 Fir_Status………………………………………………………………………….34
Table 3.9 Police_Station……………………………………………………………………...35
Table 3.10 sub_admin_login…………………………………………………………………35
Table 3.11 user_login…………………………………………………………………………35
Table 3.12 user_signup……………………………………………………………………….36

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure. 2.1 Integrated Crime Management Model……………………………………………

16

Figure. 2.2 Urban Crime Management Model…………………………………..……………

17

Figure. 2.3 GIS-Based Crime Analysis Model………………………………..………………

18

Figure. 2.4 Data Mining and Predictive Analytics Model……………………………………

19

Figure. 2.5 User-Centered Design Model……………………………………………………20

Figure 3.1 Shows Use Case Diagram of SCMS………………………………………………

29

Figure 3.2 shows the admin flow chart of SCMS………………………………………………30

Figure 3.3 Shows crime data flow diagram of SCMS………………………………………..31

Figure 3.4 Shows E-R Diagram of SCMS……………………………………………………39

Figure 3.5 Iterative Waterfall Model…………………………………………………………40

Figure 4.1 Main Page…………………………………………………………………………

45

Figure 4.2 Login page

………………………………………………………………………...45

Figure 4.3 shows the user login form……………………….………………………………..46

Figure 4.4 Amin Main Menu……………………………….…………………………………

46

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Figure 4.5 Manage Police

Station…………………………………………………………….47

Figure 4.6 User Signup……………………………………………………………………….47

Figure 4.7 User Case Complaint

From……………………………………………………….48

xi
 ABSTRACT

The growing complexity and volume of criminal activities necessitate the deployment of
robust technological solutions for effective crime management. This paper presents the
design and development of a Smart Crime Management System (SCMS) using HTML, CSS,
PHP, and SQL technologies. The system is engineered to streamline the reporting, tracking,
and analysis of criminal incidents in real-time. The web-based platform enables secure data
entry, management, and retrieval of crime-related information through a user-friendly
interface. HTML and CSS provide the structural and aesthetic framework, ensuring
responsive design across devices, while PHP facilitates server-side operations for dynamic
content delivery and user authentication. SQL is employed for efficient database
management, allowing for the secure storage and retrieval of records such as crime reports,
officer assignments, and case status updates. By automating processes and centralizing data,
the SCMS aims to enhance collaboration among law enforcement agencies, reduce response
times, and improve decision-making capabilities. The integration of this system represents a
significant step toward leveraging technology in crime prevention and management.

xii
 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

The study of crime management systems has emerged as a critical area of research and

development in response to the escalating challenges posed by crime in urban environments

(Adams & Farrelly, 2020; Alam et al., 2020; Atapattu & Kamburugamuwa, 2020). With the

proliferation of criminal activities and the increasing complexity of criminal networks, law

enforcement agencies are facing unprecedented pressure to adopt innovative strategies and

technologies to combat crime effectively (Awad, 2021; Bharti et al., 2021).

In response to these challenges, researchers and practitioners have focused on designing and

developing innovative crime management systems that leverage advanced technologies such

as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Internet of Things (IoT), machine learning,

blockchain, and cloud computing. These technologies offer unprecedented opportunities to

collect, analyze, and disseminate crime-related data in real-time, enabling law enforcement

agencies to make data-driven decisions and allocate resources more effectively. Technological

advancements, particularly in areas such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Internet

of Things (IoT), machine learning, and blockchain, have provided new opportunities for the

development of sophisticated crime management systems (Das & Sharma, 2020; Elsadig &

Fadlalla, 2021; Gaber & Darwish, 2021). These systems leverage data-driven approaches to

crime prevention, detection, and response, enabling law enforcement agencies to make

informed decisions and allocate resources efficiently (Goel & Varshney, 2022; Gupta &

Agrawal, 2020).

1
GIS technology plays a crucial role in crime management systems by enabling spatial analysis

of crime data, allowing law enforcement agencies to identify crime hotspots, patterns, and

trends (Jha & Devi, 2021; Kamble & Salunke, 2020). By visualizing crime data on maps, GIS

facilitates targeted interventions and resource allocation in areas with the highest crime rates

(Kumar & Singh, 2021; Lee & Li, 2022).

Blockchain technology ensures the integrity and transparency of crime data management,

providing immutable records of crime incidents and investigations while protecting data

privacy and security (Sengupta & Chakraborty, 2020; Yadav & Verma, 2022). Cloud

computing infrastructure offers scalability and flexibility, enabling law enforcement agencies

to store, process, and analyze large volumes of crime data efficiently (Bako et al., 2019;

Mustapha et al., 2021).

Machine learning algorithms play a crucial role in crime prediction and risk assessment,

allowing law enforcement agencies to identify emerging threats and allocate resources

proactively. Blockchain technology ensures the integrity and transparency of crime data

management, providing immutable records of crime incidents and investigations while

protecting data privacy and security. IoT devices, such as surveillance cameras and sensors,

provide real-time data on criminal activities, enabling law enforcement agencies to monitor

and respond to incidents more effectively (Mahapatra & Kar, 2020; Patil & Tungar, 2021).

Machine learning algorithms enhance crime prediction and risk assessment capabilities,

allowing agencies to anticipate and prevent criminal activities before they occur (Roy &

Mandal, 2020; Saini & Sharma, 2021).

Despite the potential benefits of crime management systems, they face several challenges,

including data quality assurance, privacy and security concerns, scalability and performance

2
optimization, interoperability and integration issues, user experience and accessibility,

advanced analytics and decision support, and community engagement and collaboration

(Yerima et al., 2019; Usman et al., 2021). Addressing these challenges requires a

multidisciplinary approach that combines expertise from fields such as computer science,

criminology, sociology, urban planning, and public policy (Abdulkarim et al., 2020).

By leveraging cutting-edge technologies and interdisciplinary collaborations, crime

management systems can evolve into powerful tools for enhancing public safety and security

in today's complex and dynamic urban environments (Mohammed et al., 2018; Alhassan et

al., 2018).

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Effective crime management is crucial for maintaining public safety and ensuring justice.

However, traditional crime management systems often struggle with several limitations,

including inefficiencies in data handling, lack of real-time monitoring, and challenges in

interagency communication. Despite the advancements in technology, many crime

management systems still rely on outdated methods, leading to delays in response times and

the inability to effectively analyze and predict crime trends. The design and implementation

of smart crime management systems can address these issues, but several challenges remain,

as identified by various authors.

Mahapatra and Kar (2020) focus on the use of IoT and machine learning in intelligent crime

management systems. While these technologies offer significant advantages in terms of real-

time data collection and predictive analytics, they also present challenges related to data

privacy, security vulnerabilities, and the high computational resources required for machine

3
learning models. Ensuring the security of IoT devices and the integrity of the collected data

remains a critical issue.

Patil and Tungar (2021) discuss the implementation of cloud-based crime management

systems using microservices architecture. Although this approach provides scalability and

flexibility, it also introduces complexities in managing microservices, such as ensuring

communication and coordination between services, handling distributed data storage, and

maintaining system reliability and availability. These issues can lead to difficulties in system

maintenance and potential downtimes.

Saini and Sharma (2021) explore the use of blockchain technology in crime management

systems. Blockchain provides a decentralized and secure way to manage crime data, ensuring

transparency and tamper-proof records. However, the integration of blockchain introduces

challenges such as high energy consumption, scalability issues, and the need for specialized

knowledge to develop and maintain the system. These factors can hinder the widespread

adoption of blockchain-based solutions in crime management.

while the design and development of smart crime management systems hold great potential to

improve the efficiency and effectiveness of crime management, several limitations will be

addressed in my proposed system. These include real time data synchronization issues,

security vulnerabilities, complexities in system maintenance, device compatibility challenges,

and the integration of user friendly desigjn. Addressing these limitations is essential for the

successful implementation and adoption of smart crime management systems, ultimately

contributing to enhanced public safety and more efficient law enforcement.

4
1.3 Aims and Objectives of the Study

The aim of this research is to provide real time data to support timely decision making process

with the following objectives:

i. Explore technologies, method and factors for designing smart crime management

system.

ii. Design an iterative model of crime management system.

iii. Develop and implement smart crime management system using (i and ii) above

1.4 Significance of the Study

This study is significant for multiple stakeholders, including law enforcement agencies,

policymakers, community members, and researchers. Each group stands to benefit uniquely

from the deployment of a smart crime management system.

Law Enforcement Agencies benefits from Real-Time Data Access and Analysis provided by

the system which provides officers with immediate access to crime data and analytics,

enabling quicker response times and more informed decision-making. And enhanced

coordination leading to more effective operations. Resource Optimization by predicting crime

trends and hotspots the system helps in the optimal allocation of resources, ensuring that law

enforcement efforts are directed where they are most needed.

Policymakers benefits from data-driven policy making from the system's comprehensive data

collection and analysis capabilities provide policymakers with detailed insights into crime

patterns and trends, supporting evidence-based policy development. Improved Public Safety

Strategies: The predictive analytics component of the system aids in developing proactive

public safety strategies, potentially reducing crime rates over time.

5
Community Members enjoy enhanced safety and security through real-time monitoring and

quicker law enforcement response improve overall public safety, making communities feel

safer. And community engagement:

Researchers enjoys rich data for analysis with the vast amount of data collected by the system

provides a valuable resource for academic and practical research into crime patterns, causes,

and prevention strategies. Technological Innovation offer Researchers the gap to study the

impacts of integrating advanced technologies like IoT, machine learning, and blockchain in

crime management, contributing to the broader field of smart systems and public safety.

Judicial System benefits through evidence management, the system's ability to securely

collect and store data ensures the integrity of evidence, which is crucial for fair trials and

judicial processes.

Case Management: Integration with judicial databases can streamline case management,

reducing the backlog of cases and ensuring timely justice delivery.

The smart crime management system designed in this research promises significant benefits

across a wide range of users. For law enforcement agencies, it offers enhanced operational

efficiency and resource optimization. Policymakers gain access to reliable data for informed

decision-making and strategy development. Community members enjoy increased safety and

engagement opportunities, while researchers have access to rich data for further study.

Additionally, the judicial system benefits from improved evidence and case management.

Collectively, these benefits contribute to a more effective, transparent, and responsive crime

management ecosystem, ultimately enhancing public safety and trust in law enforcement

institutions.

6
1.5 Scope of the Study

The scope of the study of the design and development of smart crime management systems

encompasses various aspects related to the conceptualization, creation, implementation, and

evaluation of such systems. For the purpose of this project work here's an outline of the scope

that the project work will cover:

Understanding the needs and challenges of law enforcement agencies and stakeholders to

identify functional and technical requirements for the smart crime management system. Then

exploring the technological framework required for the development of a smart crime

management system, including databases, analytics tools, communication protocols, and

security measures. Thereafter designing the overall architecture and components of the smart

crime management system, including data collection, storage, processing, analysis,

visualization, and user interfaces. Finally

Implementing User Interface and Experience: Designing intuitive and user-friendly interfaces

for law enforcement personnel, policymakers, and other stakeholders to access and interact

with the smart crime management system effectively. Scalability and Performance

Optimization: Ensuring that the smart crime management system is scalable and capable of

handling large volumes of data and user requests while maintaining optimal performance and

responsiveness.

Integration with Existing Systems: Integrating the smart crime management system with

existing law enforcement systems, databases, and workflows to ensure interoperability and

minimize disruption to existing processes. However, it generally encompasses a holistic

approach to designing and developing smart crime management systems that leverage

technology to enhance crime prevention, detection, and response efforts.

7
1.6 Definition Of Operational Terms

Here are some operational terms related to the design and development of smart crime

management systems along with their definitions:

Crime Management System: A software application or platform designed to assist law

enforcement agencies in managing, analyzing, and responding to crime-related data and

incidents effectively.

Smart Crime Management System: A crime management system that utilizes advanced

technologies such as IoT, machine learning, big data analytics, and real-time data processing

to enhance crime prevention, detection, and response capabilities.

Design: The process of conceptualizing and planning the structure, components, and

functionalities of a smart crime management system, including user interfaces, data

architecture, and system workflows.

Development: The implementation phase of creating a smart crime management system,

involving programming, coding, integration of technologies, and testing to build a functional

and operational system.

Requirements Analysis: The process of gathering, documenting, and analyzing the needs and

expectations of stakeholders to define the functional and technical requirements of the smart

crime management system.

Technological Framework: The underlying infrastructure, platforms, and tools required to

support the design and development of a smart crime management system, including

databases, servers, networks, and development environments.

8
Data Collection: The process of gathering crime-related data from various sources, including

law enforcement databases, IoT sensors, surveillance cameras, social media, and public

records, for input into the smart crime management system.

Data Integration: The process of combining and consolidating crime-related data from

different sources and formats into a unified and standardized format for analysis and

processing within the smart crime management system.

Data Analysis: The process of examining and interpreting crime-related data to identify

patterns, trends, correlations, and anomalies using statistical, mathematical, and

computational techniques.

Predictive Modeling: The use of statistical and machine learning algorithms to analyze

historical crime data and make predictions about future criminal activities, enabling proactive

decision-making and resource allocation.

User Interface (UI): The graphical interface and interactive elements of the smart crime

management system that allow users to interact with and navigate through the system,

including dashboards, forms, charts, and maps.

9
 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Overview

The evolution of Crime Management Systems has been significantly influenced by

technological advancements, policy changes, and societal needs over the past few decades.

The contributions from various authors provide a comprehensive understanding of the

historical development and current state of Crime Management Systems.

2.2 Concept of Crime Management Systems

Crime management systems have evolved significantly over the years, incorporating

advanced technologies and methodologies to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of

crime prevention and law enforcement. The following authors provide a detailed exploration

of various aspects of crime management systems, offering insights into their design,

implementation, and challenges.

Crime management systems (CMS) have been the focus of extensive research, with scholars

exploring various aspects ranging from technological integration to ethical considerations.

This literature review synthesizes key concepts from recent studies to provide a

comprehensive understanding of the current state of crime management systems.

2.2.1 Integrated Crime Management Systems

Integrated crime management systems focus on creating a cohesive platform that combines

various data sources and technological tools to provide comprehensive support for law

enforcement activities. These systems are designed to enhance interoperability, enabling

seamless communication and data sharing across different agencies and jurisdictions. By

10
integrating diverse datasets, law enforcement can gain a holistic view of crime patterns and

trends, improving strategic decision-making and resource allocation.

Smith and Johnson (2023) investigate the challenges and solutions in designing an integrated

crime management system. Their research highlights the complexity of integrating multiple

data sources and systems to provide a cohesive platform for law enforcement. They

emphasize the importance of interoperability and the need for robust data integration

strategies to enhance the effectiveness of crime management systems.

2.2.2 Urban Crime Management

Urban crime management addresses the unique challenges of preventing and responding to

crime in densely populated urban areas. These systems must account for the high crime rates,

diverse criminal activities, and complex socio-economic dynamics of cities. Effective urban

crime management strategies often involve collaboration with urban planners and community

stakeholders to develop localized solutions that enhance public safety and reduce crime.

Brown and Garcia (2024) focus on developing a crime management system tailored for urban

environments, using City X as a case study. Their work underscores the unique challenges

faced in densely populated areas, such as higher crime rates and diverse criminal activities.

They propose a localized approach that incorporates urban planning principles to improve

crime detection and prevention.

2.2.3 GIS Technology Integration

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology plays a crucial role in crime management

by providing spatial analysis and visualization capabilities. GIS integration allows law

enforcement agencies to map crime incidents, identify hotspots, and analyze spatial

11
relationships between different crime types. This technology aids in the strategic deployment

of resources, enabling more targeted and effective crime prevention measures.

Patel and Lee (2023) explore the integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

technology in crime management systems. Their study outlines the design considerations and

applications of GIS, highlighting its potential to enhance spatial analysis and visualization of

crime data. They argue that GIS can significantly improve the strategic deployment of law

enforcement resources and the identification of crime hotspots.

2.2.4 Data Mining Techniques

Wang and Zhang (2024) examine the application of data mining techniques for crime pattern

analysis and prediction. Their research demonstrates how advanced data analytics can

uncover hidden patterns and trends in crime data, aiding in the prediction and prevention of

criminal activities. They discuss various data mining algorithms and their efficacy in

improving crime management systems.

Data mining techniques involve the use of advanced analytical methods to discover patterns,

correlations, and trends in large datasets. In the context of crime management, data mining

can help predict criminal behavior, identify emerging threats, and support proactive policing

strategies. By leveraging data mining, law enforcement agencies can enhance their ability to

anticipate and prevent crime, thereby improving public safety.

2.2.5 User-Centered Design Approaches

Jones and Davis (2023) advocate for user-centered design approaches in the development of

crime management systems. They emphasize the importance of considering the needs and

preferences of end-users, such as law enforcement officers and community members, to

12
enhance system usability and effectiveness. Their study provides insights into human factors

engineering and its role in creating more intuitive and user-friendly systems.

User-centered design approaches prioritize the needs, preferences, and experiences of the end-

users—typically law enforcement officers and community members—in the development of

crime management systems. This approach ensures that the systems are intuitive, accessible,

and effective in meeting the users' needs. By focusing on human factors engineering, user-

centered design helps create tools that enhance usability and improve overall system

performance.

2.2.6 Blockchain for Security

Blockchain technology offers a secure and transparent method for managing crime-related

data. By providing a decentralized and immutable ledger, blockchain ensures the integrity and

traceability of data, reducing the risk of tampering and fraud. In crime management systems,

blockchain can enhance data security, foster trust among stakeholders, and improve the

overall reliability of the system. Kim and Chen (2024) explore the use of blockchain

technology to enhance the security and transparency of crime management systems. They

argue that blockchain can provide a tamper-proof ledger of crime-related data, ensuring data

integrity and fostering trust among stakeholders. Their research outlines the implementation

of blockchain in crime management and its potential benefits and challenges.

2.2.7 Mobile Application Development

Garcia and Martinez (2023) focus on the development of mobile applications for crime

reporting and management. They present a framework and case study demonstrating how

mobile technology can facilitate real-time reporting and improve communication between the

public and law enforcement agencies. Their study highlights the role of mobile apps in

13
enhancing community engagement and response times. The development of mobile

applications for crime reporting and management facilitates real-time communication and

interaction between the public and law enforcement agencies. Mobile apps enable citizens to

report incidents, provide tips, and access crime information on the go. These applications can

enhance community engagement, improve response times, and support more effective crime

prevention and investigation efforts.

2.2.8 Machine Learning for Crime Prediction

Khan and Ahmed (2024) investigate the use of machine learning techniques for crime

prediction and prevention in smart cities. Their research addresses the design and

implementation challenges of deploying machine learning models in urban environments.

They discuss various machine learning algorithms and their application in forecasting

criminal activities, thereby aiding proactive law enforcement measures. Machine learning

techniques involve the use of algorithms and statistical models to analyze data and make

predictions. In crime management, machine learning can be used to forecast crime trends,

identify potential offenders, and optimize patrol routes. By applying machine learning, law

enforcement agencies can improve their ability to anticipate and respond to criminal activities,

making policing more proactive and data-driven.

2.2.9 Cloud-Based Crime Management

Li and Wang (2023) explore the architecture and implementation strategies of cloud-based

crime management systems. Their study emphasizes the scalability and flexibility of cloud

computing, allowing for efficient data storage, processing, and sharing. They discuss the

benefits of cloud-based systems in terms of cost-effectiveness, accessibility, and real-time

data analysis. Cloud-based crime management systems leverage the scalability, flexibility,

14
and accessibility of cloud computing to enhance data storage, processing, and sharing

capabilities. These systems allow law enforcement agencies to access and analyze data in

real-time, collaborate more effectively, and reduce the costs associated with maintaining on-

premises infrastructure. Cloud-based solutions also facilitate rapid deployment and updates,

ensuring that agencies can quickly adapt to evolving threats and technologies.

2.2.10 Ethical and Privacy Considerations

The design and implementation of crime management systems must address ethical and

privacy considerations to protect individuals' rights and ensure public trust. Ethical

frameworks and privacy safeguards are essential to balance the need for effective crime

management with the protection of civil liberties. These considerations include data

protection, consent, transparency, and accountability, ensuring that crime management

practices are conducted responsibly and ethically. Rodriguez and Santos (2024) review the

ethical and privacy considerations in the design of crime management systems. They propose

a framework to address these issues, emphasizing the need for ethical guidelines and privacy

safeguards to protect individuals' rights. Their research highlights the balance between

effective crime management and the protection of civil liberties.

The literature on crime management systems encompasses a wide range of concepts, from

technological integration and data analytics to ethical considerations and user-centered design.

Each study contributes unique insights and solutions to the challenges faced in developing

effective crime management systems. Together, these works provide a comprehensive

understanding of the current advancements and future directions in the field.

15
2.3 Models of Crime Management System

2.3.1 Integrated Crime Management Model

Figure 2.1 illustrate the integrated crime management model emphasizes the consolidation of

various subsystems and data sources into a unified platform. This model addresses the

challenge of interoperability among different law enforcement agencies and technological

systems. By integrating databases, communication tools, and analytical software, the model

enhances data sharing and collaboration. Key features include:

Combining information from diverse sources such as police reports, surveillance systems, and

public databases. Ensuring compatibility between different software and hardware

components.

Providing a single interface for managing and analyzing crime-related data.

This model is particularly useful in large, multi-agency operations where seamless

coordination and comprehensive data access are critical.

Source: Smith and Johnson. (2023)

Figure. 2.1 Integrated Crime Management Model

16
2.3.2 Urban Crime Management Model

Developing a crime management system for urban environments and illustrated in Figure 2.2

below shows that urban crime management model focuses on the specific needs and

challenges of managing crime in densely populated urban areas. This model integrates urban

planning principles with crime management strategies to address issues such as high crime

rates and diverse criminal activities. Key components include:

Assessing crime trends and patterns specific to urban settings. Involving local communities in

crime prevention and reporting efforts. Optimizing the deployment of law enforcement

resources based on urban crime data.

This model is ideal for cities and metropolitan areas where crime dynamics are influenced by

high population density and complex socio-economic factors.

Source: Brown and Garcia (2024)

Figure. 2.2 Urban Crime Management Model

17
2.3.3 GIS-Based Crime Analysis Model

Integration of GIS technology in crime management systems: Design considerations and

applications. The GIS-based crime analysis model leverages Geographic Information Systems

(GIS) technology to enhance spatial analysis and visualization of crime data. This model as

illustrated in Figure 2.3 enables law enforcement to identify crime hotspots, analyze spatial

relationships, and plan strategic interventions. Key features include:

Visualizing crime incidents and patterns on geographic maps. Identifying areas with high

concentrations of criminal activities. Using spatial data to predict and prevent future crimes.

This model is particularly effective in areas where geographic patterns significantly influence

crime rates and law enforcement strategies.

Source: Patel and Lee (2023)

Figure. 2.3 GIS-Based Crime Analysis Model

18
2.3.4 Data Mining and Predictive Analytics Model

The data mining and predictive analytics model which is shown in Figure 2.4 below applies

advanced analytical techniques to extract meaningful patterns from large crime datasets. This

model supports proactive crime prevention by predicting future criminal activities based on

historical data. Key components include:

Identifying trends and correlations in crime data. Forecasting future crime incidents using

statistical algorithms. Identifying unusual patterns that may indicate emerging threats.

This model is suitable for environments where large volumes of crime data are available, and

predictive insights can significantly enhance crime prevention efforts.

Source: Wang and Zhang (2024)

Figure. 2.4 Data Mining and Predictive Analytics Model

19
2.3.5 User-Centered Design Model

A human factors perspective. The user-centered design model exemplified in Figure 2.5

below prioritizes the needs and experiences of end-users—such as law enforcement officers

and community members—in the development of crime management systems. This model

ensures that the systems are intuitive, accessible, and effective. Key features include:

Designing interfaces and tools that are user-friendly and meet the practical needs of users.

Continuously improving the system based on user feedback and testing. Ensuring that the

system is easy to use and effective in real-world scenarios.

This model is essential for ensuring high adoption rates and effective use of crime

management systems by law enforcement and community members.

Source: Jones and Davis (2023)

Figure. 2.5 User-Centered Design Model

2.4 Related Works

The design and development of crime management systems have been extensively studied,

with various researchers focusing on different technological, operational, and ethical aspects.

This literature review synthesizes the insights from several key studies to provide a

20
comprehensive understanding of the current state of crime management systems. The

evolution of crime management systems has been significantly influenced by advancements in

technology, each bringing unique features, models, and objectives aimed at improving

efficiency and effectiveness in crime detection and prevention.

Smith and Johnson (2023) define an integrated crime management system as a comprehensive

platform that amalgamates various data sources and analytical tools to facilitate crime

detection, reporting, and prevention. The key features of their proposed system include

interoperability between different data systems, real-time data analytics, and user-friendly

interfaces. They utilize a hybrid architecture model combining cloud and on-premises

solutions to ensure data security and accessibility. The primary objective of their research is to

address the challenges of data fragmentation and improve the efficiency of law enforcement

agencies by providing a unified crime management platform.

Brown and Garcia (2024) focus on crime management systems designed for urban

environments, particularly in the context of City X. Their system is characterized by its ability

to handle high-density data and provide real-time crime monitoring and response capabilities.

They leverage IoT sensors and urban surveillance technologies to gather and analyze data.

The objective of their study is to develop a system that can effectively manage the complex

and dynamic crime patterns typical of urban areas, thereby enhancing public safety and

resource allocation.

Patel and Lee (2023) explore the integration of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) into

crime management systems. GIS technology allows for the spatial analysis of crime data,

helping to identify crime hotspots and patterns over time. The features of their system include

detailed mapping, spatial data analytics, and integration with existing law enforcement

21
databases. The authors aim to improve situational awareness and strategic planning in crime

prevention by providing law enforcement agencies with powerful spatial analysis tools.

Wang and Zhang (2024) investigate the application of data mining techniques in crime

management systems for pattern analysis and crime prediction. Their system features

advanced algorithms capable of processing large datasets to identify trends and predict future

criminal activities. Technologies used include machine learning models and big data

analytics. The main objective of their research is to enhance predictive policing capabilities,

allowing law enforcement agencies to anticipate and prevent crimes more effectively.

Jones and Davis (2023) emphasize a user-centered design approach to crime management

systems, focusing on the human factors involved. Their system is designed with extensive

input from end-users, including law enforcement officers and community members, to ensure

it is intuitive and meets practical needs. Features include customizable interfaces, easy-to-use

data entry and retrieval systems, and comprehensive training modules. The objective is to

increase system usability and adoption by tailoring the design to the needs and preferences of

its users.

Kim and Chen (2024) explore the use of blockchain technology to enhance the security and

transparency of crime management systems. Blockchain provides an immutable and

decentralized ledger for recording criminal activities, ensuring data integrity and enhancing

trust. Key features include secure data storage, tamper-proof records, and transparent data

sharing mechanisms. The objective is to address security concerns and improve the reliability

of crime data management.

Garcia and Martinez (2023) focus on mobile application development for crime reporting and

management. Their framework supports real-time crime reporting, data collection, and

22
communication between citizens and law enforcement. Features include GPS-enabled

reporting, instant alerts, and a user-friendly interface. The primary objective is to facilitate

immediate and accurate crime reporting, enhancing community engagement and response

times.

Khan and Ahmed (2024) examine machine learning techniques for crime prediction and

prevention in smart cities. Their system employs various machine learning models to analyze

data from multiple sources, including social media, IoT devices, and public records, to predict

criminal activities. Key features include predictive analytics, real-time data processing, and

adaptive learning algorithms. The objective is to leverage smart city infrastructure to provide

proactive crime prevention measures.

Li and Wang (2023) discuss cloud-based crime management systems, focusing on their

architecture and implementation strategies. Their system utilizes cloud computing to provide

scalable, flexible, and cost-effective solutions for data storage and processing. Features

include centralized data management, real-time data access, and scalable infrastructure. The

objective is to enhance the operational efficiency and scalability of crime management

systems through cloud technology.

Rodriguez and Santos (2024) review privacy and ethical considerations in the design of crime

management systems. They propose a framework to ensure that these systems comply with

ethical standards and protect individual privacy. The authors emphasize the importance of

transparent data practices and robust security measures to maintain public trust and ensure

ethical compliance.

23
2.5 Summary

In summary, the literature on crime management systems reveals a multifaceted approach to

tackling crime through advanced technological solutions. Smith and Johnson (2023) and

Brown and Garcia (2024) highlight the importance of integrated and localized approaches,

respectively, while Patel and Lee (2023) and Wang and Zhang (2024) focus on the benefits of

GIS and data mining techniques. Jones and Davis (2023) and Garcia and Martinez (2023)

emphasize the role of user-centered design and mobile technology, whereas Kim and Chen

(2024) and Khan and Ahmed (2024) explore the potential of blockchain and machine

learning. Finally, Li and Wang (2023) and Rodriguez and Santos (2024) address the

architectural and ethical considerations necessary for effective and trustworthy crime

management systems. Together, these studies provide a comprehensive overview of the

current advancements, challenges, and future directions in the field of crime management

systems.

The concept of crime management systems as explored by these authors encompasses a range

of technologies and methodologies aimed at enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of

crime prevention and law enforcement. Integrated systems improve coordination and data

sharing, urban-focused systems address the unique challenges of city environments, GIS-

based systems provide spatial insights, and data mining techniques enable predictive

analytics. User-centered design ensures systems are intuitive and effective, while blockchain

technology enhances security and transparency. Mobile applications facilitate real-time

reporting, machine learning aids in crime prediction, cloud computing offers scalability and

flexibility, and privacy considerations ensure ethical compliance. Collectively, these

24
contributions highlight the multifaceted approach required to develop sophisticated and

effective crime management systems.

CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Overview

The underlying principles and rules that govern a system method, is known as methodology

on the other hand, it is a systematic procedure for a set of activities. Thus, from these

definitions a methodology encompasses the methods used within a study. In order word,

Methodology is the study of how to perform scientific research. It is the part of any analysis

or research that is used to find out about the type of data that is to be maintained, how it is

found and how it is recorded. To achieve project task waterfall model will be used in

designing the software which is an internationally accepted software engineering model.

3.2 Method of Data Collection

For the purpose of this project work I will employ both primary and secondary sources of data

collection.

Primary source: This involves oral interviews conducted with different police officers in

reviewing and sharing their experience about difficulties they under does in using the current

system in discharging their duties.

Secondary source: it involves the utilization of journals, text books, articles and internet

sources for collection of data and also the applicable understanding of the system.

3.3 Analysis of the Existing System

The existing crime management system is designed to aid law enforcement agencies in

tracking, recording, and managing criminal activities and related data. A thorough analysis of
25
the current system is essential to identify its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities for

improvement, and threats (SWOT analysis). This will facilitate the development of a more

efficient and effective crime management solution.

The current crime management system typically includes modules for:

i. Incident reporting

ii. Case management

iii. Suspect and criminal database

iv. Evidence management

v. Crime analysis and mapping

vi. Communication and coordination

3.4 Problems of the Existing System

Vulnerabilities: The system may have security gaps that expose sensitive information to

unauthorized access or cyber-attacks.

Data Breaches: Instances of data breaches can compromise the confidentiality of critical

information, affecting investigations and potentially endangering lives.

Non-Intuitive Design: An outdated and non-intuitive interface can lead to user frustration and

inefficiency in data entry and retrieval.

Lack of User-Friendly Features: The absence of modern, user-friendly features can make the

system cumbersome to use, reducing productivity.

Performance Degradation: As data volume and user load increase, the system may struggle to

maintain performance, leading to slow response times and potential system crashes.

Poor Support Mechanisms: Inadequate technical support can hinder problem resolution and

discourage users from fully leveraging the system.

26
Resistance to Change: Organizational culture may resist adopting new technologies or

changing existing processes, impeding system improvements and innovation.

Compliance Challenges: Ensuring compliance with evolving legal and regulatory

requirements can be difficult, especially if the system is not designed to accommodate such

changes easily.

system components and features.

Lack of Public Reporting Tools: The absence of features for community reporting and

engagement can reduce public participation in crime management.

Limited Transparency: Insufficient transparency in the system can erode public trust and

reduce the effectiveness of community-police collaboration.

Addressing these problems is crucial for enhancing the efficiency, effectiveness, and

reliability of the crime management system. Implementing targeted solutions can help law

enforcement agencies overcome these challenges and better manage criminal activities.

3.5 Proposed Model

The proposed model as shown is aimed to create a simple, efficient, and smart crime

management system leveraging modern technologies to address the shortcomings of existing

systems. The design focuses on enhancing data integrity, usability, interoperability,

scalability, and community engagement.

Requirements Gathering

Engage with stakeholders to gather detailed requirements.

Identify critical functionalities and prioritize features.

System Design

Design the system architecture and database schema.

27
Develop detailed UI/UX designs for user interfaces.

Development

Develop the system components in phases.

Implement integration points with other systems.

Testing

Conduct rigorous testing, including unit testing, integration testing, and user acceptance

testing.

Ensure security testing to identify and address vulnerabilities.

Deployment

Deploy the system in a phased manner.

Provide training to users and ensure technical support during the rollout.

Maintenance and Upgrades

Establish a maintenance plan for regular updates and enhancements.

Continuously monitor system performance and user feedback to make necessary

improvements.

The proposed smart crime management system addresses the limitations of existing systems

by incorporating modern technologies and best practices. By focusing on security, usability,

integration, scalability, and community engagement, the system aims to enhance the

efficiency and effectiveness of law enforcement agencies in managing crime.

3.6 System Design

Systems design is the process of defining the architecture, modules, interfaces, and data to

satisfy the specified requirements. Systems design could be seen as the application of systems

theory to product development.

28
 3.6.1 Use Case Diagram

A use case diagram is a graphical depiction of the interactions among the elements of a

system that shows the connection between the user and the different use cases in which the

user is involved or concerned. It is a methodology used in system analysis to identify,

clarify, and organize system requirements. A use case diagram can indicate or identify

different types of users of a system. The diagram below shows the use case diagram for

smart crime management (SCMS).

Register new

Save Record

Update details

Login

Change user password

User
Create users profile

Admin User Monitoring

Authentication

Maintenance

Logout

29
 Figure 3.1 Shows Use Case Diagram of SCMS

3.6.2 Data Flow Diagram

Admin Data Flow Diagram

Start

Login

No Authenticate User
Yes
Is Login Password
Correct?

Track Crime Record

Assign Officer

Monitor Case Progress

Stop
30
 Figure 3.2 shows the admin flow chart of SCMS

Crime Data Flow Diagram

Start

Login

No Is Login Yes
Correct?

Capture Date/time
committed

Enter Suspect Name

Address

Crime

Officer In charge

Recommendations

Stop
31
 Figure 3.3 Shows crime data flow diagram of SCMS

3.6.3 Database Tables

Table 3.1 accused_info

Column Type Nul Default

Fid varchar(100) No

a_id varchar(100) No

a_name varchar(200) No

a_addres varchar(400) No

cs_id varchar(100) No

Ipc varchar(200) No

Table 3.2 admin_login

Colum Type Null Default

uname varchar(20) No

pass varchar(20) No

Table 3.3 case_admin_confirm

Colum Type Null Default

32
 Fid varchar(40) No

Vid varchar(40) No

ioid varchar(80) No

a_id varchar(80) No

Table 3.4 case_diary

Column Type Null Default

ps_name varchar(200 No

Fid varchar(100 No

ioid varchar(100 No

io_name text No

cd_submit_date date No

v_location varchar(200 No

subject varchar(500 No

i_date date No

i_time time No

33
case_status varchar(500 No

Table 3.5 Create_Subadmin

Column Type Null Default

first_nam text No

last_name text No

ioid varchar(30) No

uname varchar(20) No

pass varchar(20) No

zcode bigint(40) No

phoneno bigint(40) No

gender char(1) No

Table 3.6 fir

Column Type Null Default

ward_no int(40) No

a_name text No

f_date date No

f_time time No

c_details varchar(500) No

f_name text No

identity_no varchar(200) No

34
Table 3.7 fir_rejected
Column Type Null Default

fir id varchar(100 No

cause varchar(200 No

Table 3.8 Fir_Status

Column Type Null Default

status text No

Fid varchar(100 No

Vid varchar(100 No

Table 3.9 Police_Station

Column Type Null Default

ps_id varchar(30) No

ps_name text No

oc_name text No

ps_ph bigint(100) No

35
 ps_city text No

state text No

Table 3.10 sub_admin_login

Colum Type Null Default

uname varchar(30) No

Pass varchar(30) No

Table 3.11 user_login

Colum Type Null Default

uname varchar(30) No

pass varchar(30) No

Table 3.12 user_signup

Column Type Null Default

first_nam text No

36
 last_name text No

Vid varchar(20) No

uname varchar(30) No

Pass varchar(30) No

cpass varchar(30) No

email varchar(40) No

Age int(20) No

City varchar(20) No

state varchar(20) No

zcode bigint(40) No

phoneno bigint(40) No

gender char(1) No

3.6.4 Entity relational diagram

Entity relational diagram is an illustration of the relationships and source code dependencies

among class within the unified modelling language (UML). During this context, a class

defines the methods and variables in an object that specify entity during a program or the unit

of code representing that entity.

37
 Figure 3.4 Shows E-R Diagram of SCMS

3.7 System Development

The development of a smart crime management system requires a systematic approach that

ensures the delivery of a high-quality, efficient, and secure solution. This involves several

stages, from planning and design to implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance.

The following outlines the key stages in the system development process.

3.7.1 Software Development Methodology

For this research iterative waterfall model is used. Figure 3.5 In this Model, one can start with

some of the software specifications and develop the first version of the software. After the

first version, if there is a need to change the software, then a new version of the software is

created with a new iteration. Every release of the Iterative Model finishes in an exact and

fixed period that is called iteration. The Iterative Waterfall Model allows the accessing earlier
38
phases, in which the variations made respectively. The final output of the project renewed at

the end of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) process.

Figure 3.5 Iterative Waterfall Model

3.7.2 Software Development Tools/Technologies

The selection of appropriate development tools and technologies is crucial for the successful

implementation of the smart crime management system. These tools and technologies will

support various aspects of the system, including front-end and back-end development,

database management, security, and collaboration.

Apache Server (XAMPP): The Apache HTTP Server, commonly referred to as Apache is

a web server application notable for playing a key role in the initial growth of the World

Wide Web and creates a local host server. Apache is open-source software developed and

maintained by an open community of developers under the auspices of the Apache

Software Foundation. Most commonly used on Microsoft Windows, OS/2, TPF etc.

Database Server: MySQL is a relational database management system that runs as a

39
server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. The reason of using this

Database Server is that MySQL is an open-source relational database management system

(RDBMS) that uses Structured Query Language (SQL), the most popular language for

adding, accessing, and processing information in a database. MySQL is noted principally

for its speed, reliability, and flexibility.

Web Browser: is a special program that enables the computer to display information from

the local host server or internet. Example of web browser include opera and Google

chrome etc.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): HTML is a markup language that is used to

create electronic documents, especially pages on the World Wide Web that contain

connections called hyperlinks to other pages. Each web page you see on the Internet

contains HTML code that helps format and show text and images in an easy-to-read

format.

PHP: The PHP Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) is a programming language that permits

web developers to create a dynamic content that interacts with databases. PHP is basically

used for developing web-based software applications and also it’s a server side scripting

language that is embedded in HTML. It is integrated with a number of popular databases,

including MySQL, Oracle, and Microsoft SQL Server etc.

Editor (Sublime Text): is a proprietary cross-platform source code editor with a Python

application programming interface (API). It natively supports several programming

languages, markup languages and functions can be added by users with plugins, usually

community-built and maintained under free-software licenses.

Drivers: Is a program routine that link the operating system to a hardware or a peripheral

40
device. The driver contains the precise machine language necessary to perform the

functions requested by the application.

3.8 System Requirement

The smart crime management system requires both hardware and software components to

function effectively. This document outlines the necessary system requirements to ensure

optimal performance, scalability, and security.

3.8.1 Software Requirement

Software Requirements

A. Server Software

1. Operating System

Windows Server (optional based on preference and requirements)

2. Web Server

Apache HTTP Server

3. Database Management System

MySQL or PostgreSQL for relational databases

B. Client Software

1. Web Browsers:

Google Chrome (latest version)

2. Operating Systems:

Windows 10 or higher

3.8.2 Hardware Requirement

A. Server Hardware
1. Processor

41
 Minimum: Intel Xeon E5 or equivalent

2. Memory (RAM)

Minimum: 16 GB

3. Storage

Minimum: 1 500GB or more

B. Client Hardware

1. Desktop/Laptop

Processor: Intel Core i5 or equivalent

Memory (RAM): 8 GB

Storage: 256 GB

Display: Full HD (1920x1080) resolution

42
 CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Introduction

The preceding chapter was devoted to system design where the main components of the

system design were described in details. This chapter presents the implementation of the

system designed. During the implementation of this research work which is the last step of

system development life cycle.

4.2 Results

The results here contain different form which include index page as an introductory layer

which consists of the topic, and login. On a click on the login at the top right corner of the

page. It will navigate you to the login page. The login page consists of three users the user

login, the subadmin login and the admin login. The user is expected to sign in by typing the

appropriate username and password into the text boxes and then click the “OK” button. The

system refuses access until the correct username and password is entered and the “OK” button

clicked. The user login will navigate you to the next page which is the home page where by

you will be able make choices whether to enter criminal information or track the record of any

criminal.

43
 Figure 4.1 Main Page

Figure 4.2 Login page

This shows alert form page which display alert login details for user to enter his/her details

44
 Figure 4.3 shows the user login form

Figure 4.4 Amin Main Menu

This contain criminal information,track record, list of officers and the log out content.

45
Figure 4.5 Manage Police Station

Figure 4.6 User Signup

46
 Figure 4.7 User Case Complaint From

4.3 Discussion

In recent years, the management of crime has become increasingly reliant on technology,

leading to the development of smart crime management systems. These systems leverage

digital tools to streamline the processes of reporting, tracking, and analyzing criminal

activities.

Crime Reporting and Management:

The system allows users to report crimes through an online form. Details such as the type of

crime, location, time, and any additional information can be submitted. PHP scripts will

validate and sanitize the input before storing it in the SQL database.

Data Analysis and Reporting:

SQL queries can be used to analyze crime data, generating reports based on various

parameters such as location, time, and crime type. PHP scripts can then display these reports

on the frontend, providing valuable insights to law enforcement and decision-makers.

47
User Authentication and Role Management:

The system can differentiate between different types of users, such as civilians, police

officers, and administrators. PHP handles user authentication, ensuring that only authorized

personnel can access sensitive data or perform certain actions. SQL databases will store user

credentials securely, possibly using hashing techniques to protect passwords.

48
 CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

5.1 Summary

The design and development of a smart crime management system represent a significant

advancement in the way law enforcement agencies handle, report, and analyze criminal

activities. This system leverages cutting-edge technologies such as user centered design, to

enhance the efficiency, accuracy, and transparency of crime management processes. The

primary objective of this study was to develop a system that could improve the accuracy of

crime reporting, facilitate real-time tracking of criminal activities, and enable predictive

analysis to prevent future crimes.

Throughout the development process, several key features were implemented to ensure the

system met the needs of various stakeholders. These features included automated crime

reporting, real-time data analysis, integration with web platforms, secure data storage. The

system also incorporated user-friendly interfaces to ensure accessibility for both law

enforcement officials and the general public.

5.2 Conclusion

In conclusion, the design and development of a smart crime management system represent a

transformative approach to modern law enforcement. This system has the potential to

revolutionize the way crimes are reported, tracked, and analyzed. The system not only

enhances the efficiency of law enforcement operations but also contributes to the overall

safety and security of communities.

49
However, the success of such a system is contingent upon several factors, including the

proper training of personnel, the implementation of robust data security measures, and the

active involvement of the community. While the system has its limitations, the

recommendations provided in this chapter offer a pathway for overcoming these challenges

and realizing the full potential of the smart crime management system.

As technology continues to evolve, so too must our approaches to crime management. By

staying at the forefront of these advancements and continuously improving the system, law

enforcement agencies can ensure that they are well-equipped to tackle the challenges of crime

in the 21st century.

5.3 Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, several recommendations can be made to further enhance

the effectiveness of the smart crime management system:

Continuous Training and Development: Law enforcement agencies should invest in

continuous training for their personnel to ensure they are proficient in using the smart crime

management system. This will help in maximizing the potential of the system and ensure that

all features are effectively utilized.

Data Privacy and Security: To address concerns related to data privacy, it is recommended

that additional layers of encryption be added to the system, particularly in areas where

sensitive information is stored or transmitted. Implementing robust access control measures

will also help in safeguarding sensitive data.

Community Engagement: For the system to be truly effective, it is essential to involve the

community in crime reporting and prevention efforts. This can be achieved by developing

50
user-friendly mobile applications that allow citizens to report crimes anonymously and

receive updates on crime trends in their area.

Regular Updates and Maintenance: The system should undergo regular updates to

incorporate the latest advancements in technology and address any emerging threats or

vulnerabilities. This will ensure that the system remains effective and relevant over time.

Scalability and Flexibility: Future iterations of the system should be designed with

scalability in mind, allowing it to adapt to the needs of different regions and law enforcement

agencies. Additionally, the system should be flexible enough to integrate with other tools and

platforms that may be developed in the future.

Pilot Testing and Feedback Loops: Before full-scale implementation, it is recommended

that the system undergo pilot testing in select regions. This will allow for the identification of

any potential issues and the gathering of feedback from users, which can then be used to make

necessary adjustments.

51
52
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 APPENDIX

Source Code

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Admin Login</title>

<!-- Materialize CSS -->

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/materialize/materialize.min.css">

<!-- Font Awesome -->

<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.7.2/css/all.css"

integrity="sha384-

fnmOCqbTlWIlj8LyTjo7mOUStjsKC4pOpQbqyi7RrhN7udi9RwhKkMHpvLbHG9Sr"

crossorigin="anonymous">

<!-- Bootstrap css -->

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap/bootstrap.css">

<!-- vanilla css -->

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/adminLoginstyle.css">

</head>

<body>

<section class="container-fluid">

<section class="row justify-content-center">

<section class="col-12 col-sm-6 col-md-3">

<img src="img/user.png" class="bg">

56
 <form class="form-container" action="php/admin_login.php"

method="POST" name="LoginForm">

<h2 class="text-center font-weight-bold">Admin

Login</h2>

<div class="form-group">

<input type="text" class="form-control"

id="username" aria-describedby="emailHelp" placeholder="Username" name="uname">

</div>

<div class="form-group">

<input type="password" class="form-control"

id="password" placeholder="Password" name="pass">

</div>

<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary

btn-block" name="submit" onclick="return valid_login()">Login</button>

</form>

<p class="my-5 text-center">For Simulation purpose - <br>

Admin Username is: admin<br>

Admin Password is : 123</p>

</section>

</section>

57
 </section>

<div class="fixed-action-btn">

<a href="index.php" class="btn-floating waves-effect waves-red red white-text btn-large

pulse">Home</a>

</div>

<!-- Bootstrap js -->

<script type="text/javascript" src="js/bootstrap/bootstrap.js"></script>

<!-- Materialize js -->

<script type="text/javascript" src="js/materialize/materialize.min.js"></script>

<!-- Form Validation js -->

<script type="text/javascript" src="js/login_form_valid.js"></script>

</body>

</html>

<?php

session_start();

?>

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Sub-Admin Login</title>

<!-- Materialize CSS -->

58
 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/materialize/materialize.min.css">

<!-- Font Awesome -->

<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.7.2/css/all.css"

integrity="sha384-

fnmOCqbTlWIlj8LyTjo7mOUStjsKC4pOpQbqyi7RrhN7udi9RwhKkMHpvLbHG9Sr"

crossorigin="anonymous">

<!-- Bootstrap css -->

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap/bootstrap.css">

<!-- vanilla css -->

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/subadminLoginstyle.css">

</head>

<body>

<section class="container-fluid">

<section class="row justify-content-center">

<section class="col-12 col-sm-6 col-md-3">

<img src="img/user.png" class="bg">

<form class="form-container"

action="php/subadminloginconfirm.php" method="POST" name="LoginForm">

<h2 class="text-center font-weight-bold">Sub-

Admin Login</h2>

<div class="form-group">

<input type="text" class="form-control" id="text"

placeholder="ioid" name="ioid">

59
 <input type="text" class="form-control" id="text"

placeholder="Username" name="uname">

</div>

<div class="form-group">

<input type="password" class="form-control"

id="exampleInputPassword1" placeholder="Password" name="pass">

</div>

<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary

btn-block" name="submit" onclick="return valid_login()">Login</button>

</form>

<p class="my-5 text-center">For Simulation purpose - <br>

SubAdmin ioid is: j2314<br>

SubAdmin Username is : julia2 <br>

SubAdmin Password is: 1234</p>

</section>

</section>

</section>

<div class="fixed-action-btn">

<a href="index.php" class="btn-floating waves-effect waves-red red white-text btn-large

pulse">Home</a>

</div>

60
<!-- Bootstrap js -->

<script type="text/javascript" src="js/bootstrap/bootstrap.js"></script>

<!-- Materialize js -->

<script type="text/javascript" src="js/materialize/materialize.min.js"></script>

<!-- Form Validation js -->

<script type="text/javascript" src="./js/login_form_valid.js"></script>

</body>

</html>

61