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The experiment focused on DC transient analysis of R-L and R-C series circuits using MATLAB-Simulink, examining their charging and discharging characteristics. Results showed exponential current and voltage responses governed by time constants, confirming theoretical predictions. The study highlighted the influence of inductance and capacitance on circuit behavior, reinforcing the significance of time constants in electrical circuit design and analysis.

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Pranay raj
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19 views7 pages

3 PPPP

The experiment focused on DC transient analysis of R-L and R-C series circuits using MATLAB-Simulink, examining their charging and discharging characteristics. Results showed exponential current and voltage responses governed by time constants, confirming theoretical predictions. The study highlighted the influence of inductance and capacitance on circuit behavior, reinforcing the significance of time constants in electrical circuit design and analysis.

Uploaded by

Pranay raj
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPERIMENT-3

Aim of the Experiment


DC transient analysis of R-L and R-C series circuit in Matlab-Simulink (time domain) charging and
discharging characteristics.
THEORY:
CHARGING CHARACTERISTICS:
For R-L series circuit:
Rt
i i max (1 e L
)
Rt
V V(1 e L
)
R
Rt
VL Ve L

For R-C series circuit:

DISCHARGING CHARACTERISTICS:

DC transient analysis involves studying the behavior of circuits as they transition from one steady state
to another under the influence of sudden changes, such as the application or removal of a DC voltage
source. When analyzing R-L (resistor-inductor) and R-C (resistor-capacitor) series circuits in the context
of discharging, we're typically looking at how these circuits behave when discharging from an initially
charged state.
2. Capacitor (C) (for R-C circuit)-Stores energy in electric field and controls voltage change rate.
Charging and discharging create exponential voltage curves.
3. Switch (Ideal Switch or Breaker)-Controls the connection of DC supply to the circuit.
Used to start or stop charging/discharging action.
4. Current Measurement-Measures circuit current flowing through R-L or R-C branch.
Helpful to observe exponential growth or decay of current.
5. Voltage Measurement-Measures voltage across capacitor or resistor.
Used to study the charging (rise) or discharging (fall) curves.
6. Scope-Plots current and voltage vs time for transient analysis.
Shows real-time charging and discharging waveforms.
7. PowerGUI (for Simscape Electrical)-Required to simulate circuits involving inductors or capacitors.
Handles solver settings for accurate time-domain response.

SIMULINK DIAGRAM FOR R-L CIRCUIT:

FIg 3- Simulink diagram for R_L series Circuit

SIMULINK DIAGRAM FOR R-C CIRCUIT:

FIG 4- Simulink diagram for R-C series Circuit


PROCEDURE:

1. The simulation circuit was drawn by using the block from simulink library as shown in the figure.
2. In case of R-L circuit consider the following parameter
V=100v , R= 10ohm, L= 5mH
3. In case of R-C circuit consider the following parameter
V= 100v , R= 82kohm , C=1mic F
4. Find out the corresponding Graphs for R-L and R-C circuit.

TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF R-L CIRCUIT WITH DC EXCITATION

(V=100.Volt, R=10Ω, L=5mH)

CURRENT WAVE FORM AFTER SIMULATION:

FIg 5- Transient analysis of Current Waveform of R-L Series

VOLTAGE WAVE FORM AFTER SIMULATION:

Fig 6- Transient analysis of Voltage waveform of R-C Series

TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF R-C CIRCUIT WITH DC EXCITATION


(V=100.Volt, R=82kΩ, C=5MF)
CURRENT WAVE FORM AFTER SIMULATION:

FIg 7- Transient Analysis of R-C series current waveform

VOLTAGE WAVE FORM AFTER SIMULATION:

FIG 8- Transient analysis of R-C series Voltage Waveform

Discharging characteristics for RL Series Circuit (Fig:)

Fig 9- Waveform of Current vs Time in Discharging characteristics R-L series


Pranay
teekraj

23030249

Fig 9- Voltage waveform of Discharging RL series

Discharging characteristics of R-Cseries Circuit-

Pranay
teekraj
Mohanty

23030249

Fig 10- Current Waveform of R-C series Circuit discharging

RESULT ANALYSIS:
The transient response of R-L and R-C series circuits was successfully analysed using
MATLAB-Simulink in the time domain. The charging and discharging characteristics of the
inductor and capacitor were observed when subjected to a step voltage source. In the R-L
circuit, the current exhibited an exponential rise during charging and an exponential decay
during discharging, with the inductor initially opposing changes in current due to its inductive
reactance. The response was governed by the time constant τ=L/R, which determined the rate
of current variation. Similarly, in the R-C circuit, the capacitor voltage followed an
exponential increase during charging and an exponential decrease during discharging.
Initially, the capacitor behaved as a short circuit and gradually reached the supply voltage,
with the transient response dictated by the time constant τ=RC. The simulation results
validated theoretical predictions, showing smooth exponential waveforms that aligned with
analytical solutions.
CONCLUSION:

In conclusion, the DC transient analysis of R-L and R-C series circuits in MATLABSimulink
successfully demonstrated the charging and discharging characteristics in the time domain. The R-L
circuit exhibited an exponential current response, while the R-C circuit showed an exponential voltage
response, both governed by their respective time constants. The simulation results aligned with
theoretical predictions, confirming the accuracy of transient analysis. The impact of inductance and
capacitance on circuit behaviour was clearly observed. This experiment reinforced the importance of
time constants in designing and analysing electrical circuits.

J
TEEK MOHANTY
PRANAYRA

23030249

EL-1

TEACHER’S SIGNATURE

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