MECH 3322 AERODYNAMICS 1

CHAPTER 6 OBLIQUE SHOCK WAVES

ADA SEM 2, 2022/23

BEFORE WE START, LETS REVIEW…
Flow properties relationship in terms of Mach number:

Air properties relation before and after shock: Oblique shock waves
2
𝑀12 sin2 𝛽 + 𝛾 − 1 𝛾 − 1 𝑀12 sin2 𝛽 + 2 Shock wave
𝑀22 sin2 𝛽−𝛿 = =
2𝛾
𝑀 2
sin 2𝛽−1 2𝛾𝑀12 sin2 𝛽 − 𝛾 − 1
𝛾−1 1

𝑎2
2
𝑇2 2𝛾𝑀12 sin2 𝛽 − 𝛾 − 1 2 + 𝛾 − 1 𝑀12 sin2 𝛽
𝑀2
= =
𝑎1 𝑇1 𝛾 + 1 2 𝑀12 sin2 𝛽 𝑀1
𝛿
𝑝2 2𝛾𝑀12 sin2 𝛽
− 𝛾−1
= 𝛽
𝑝1 𝛾+1

𝜌2 𝛾 + 1 𝑀12 sin2 𝛽
=
𝜌1 2 + 𝛾 − 1 𝑀12 sin2 𝛽
 BEFORE WE START, LETS REVIEW…
Rankine-Hugonoit normal shock wave relations:

Air properties relation before and after shock:

𝛾 + 1 𝜌2 𝛾 + 1 𝑝2
+1
Shock wave
𝑝2 −1 𝜌2 𝛾 − 1 𝑝1
𝛾 − 1 𝜌1 𝑁1
𝑝1
=
𝛾+1 𝜌 𝜌1
=
𝛾+1 𝑝 𝐿1
− 2 + 2
𝛾−1 𝜌1 𝛾−1 𝑝1 𝛽 𝑀2
𝑀1
𝛿
𝛾 + 1 𝑝2
+1
𝛾+1 𝑝
+ 2 𝐿2
𝑉1 𝜌2
= =
𝛾 − 1 𝑝1 𝑇2
=
𝛾−1 𝑝1 𝑁2
𝑉2 𝜌1 𝛾+1 𝑝 𝑇1 𝛾+1 𝑝
+ 2 + 1
𝛾−1 𝑝1 𝛾−1 𝑝2
 From the oblique shock wave chart,
PROBLEM 1 at 𝛿 = 5°

Air flowing at a Mach number of 2.5 passes over a 𝛽 = 27.5°

wedge that turns the flow through an angle of 5°, The Mach number of 𝑁1 ,
i. Find the Mach number at location 2
𝑀𝑁1 = 𝑀1 sin 𝛽 = 2.5 sin (27.5°) = 1.154
ii. Find the pressure and temperature, and
stagnation pressure ratios across the oblique From the normal shock table, at 𝑀𝑁1 = 1.154
shock wave. 𝑇2
𝑀𝑁2 = 0.8723 = 1.0991
𝑇1
𝑃2 𝑃02
= 1.3871 = 0.9964
𝑃1 𝑃01

The Mach number behind the shock wave:

𝑃1
𝛿 𝑃2 𝑀𝑁2 = 𝑀2 sin 𝛽 − 𝛿 = 𝑀2 sin (22.5°) = 0.8723
𝑇1 𝛽
𝑇2
𝑃01 ∴ 𝑀2 = 2.279
𝑃02
PROBLEM 2 From the oblique shock wave chart, at 𝛽 = 26°

𝛿 = 5.624°
An oblique shock wave with a wave angle of
26° in an air stream in which the Mach The Mach number of 𝑁1 ,
number is 2.5, the pressure is 100 kPa and
the temperature is 30℃ . What is the 𝑀𝑁1 = 𝑀1 sin 𝛽 = 2.5 sin (26°) = 1.184
turning angle? Find the Mach number,
pressure, temperature and stagnation From the normal shock table, at 𝑀𝑁1 = 1.184
𝑇2
pressure downstream of the oblique shock 𝑀𝑁2 = 0.8527 = 1.469
𝑇1
wave. 𝑀2 =?
Oblique 𝑃2 𝑃02
Shock Wave 𝑃2 =? = 1.469 = 0.9942
𝑃1 𝑃01
𝑇2 =?
𝑀1 = 2.5
𝑃02 =?
𝑃1 = 100 kPa
𝑇1 = 30℃ 𝛽
Solve for 𝑀2 , 𝑃2 , 𝑇2 , and 𝑃02
𝛿 =?
PROBLEM 3
A uniform air flow at a Mach number of 2.5 passes 𝑀2 =?
Oblique
around a sharp concave corner in the wall that 𝑃2 =?
Shock Wave
turns the flow through an angle of 10° and leads 𝑇2 =?
to the generation of an oblique shock wave. The 𝑀1 = 2.5
𝑃02 =?
pressure and temperature in the flow upstream of 𝑃1 = 70 kPa
the corner are 70 kPa and 10°, respectively. Find 𝑇1 = 10℃ 𝛽
the Mach number, the pressure, the temperature 𝛿 = 10°
and the stagnation pressure downstream of the
oblique shock wave. How large would the corner From the oblique shock wave chart,
angle have to be before the shock became at 𝛿 = 10°
detached from the corner? 𝛽 = 32°
𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 29.8°
 The Mach number behind the shock wave:
𝑀𝐿1 𝑀𝑁1
𝑀2 𝑀𝑁2 = 𝑀2 sin 𝛽 − 𝛿 = 𝑀2 sin (22°) = 0.7736
𝛽
∴ 𝑀2 = 2.065
𝑀1 𝛿
𝑀𝐿2 The Pressure and temperature behind the shock wave:
𝑀𝑁2 𝑃2
= 1.871 𝑃2 = 1.871 70k = 130.97 kPa
𝑃02 = 2.7949 70k = 195.64 kPa 𝑃1
𝑇2
The Mach number of 𝑁1 , = 1.207 𝑇2 = 1.207 283 = 341.6 K
𝑇1
𝑀𝑁1 = 𝑀1 sin 𝛽 = 2.5 sin (32°) = 1.325
From the isentropic table, at 𝑀1 = 2.5:
From the normal shock table, at 𝑀𝑁1 = 1.325, 𝑃01
= 17.08589
𝑃1
𝑇2
𝑀𝑁2 = 0.7736 = 1.207 Stagnation pressure behind shock wave:
𝑇1
𝑃02 𝑃01
𝑃02 𝑃02 = × × 𝑃1
= 0.9748 𝑃2 𝑃01 𝑃1
𝑃01 = 1.871 = 0.9748 17.08589 70k
𝑃1
= 1165.87 kPa
PROBLEM 4
Air flows over a plane wall at a Mach number of 3.5, the pressure in the
flow being 100 kPa. The wall turns through an angle leading to the
generation of an oblique shock wave whose strength is such that the
pressure downstream of the corner is 548 kPa. Find the turning angle of the
corner.
Oblique
Shock Wave
𝑃2 = 548 kPa
𝑀1 = 3.5
𝑃1 = 100 kPa
𝛽 =?
𝛿 =?
PROBLEM 5
A symmetrical wedge with a 12° included angle is placed in an airflow in
which the Mach number is 2.3 and the pressure is 60 kPa. If the center-line
of the wedge is at an angle of 4° to the direction of flow, find the pressure
difference between the two surfaces of the wedge.