ReporFiai

Restructuring of UG programmes for increased practical / practice contents

Discipline-wise Courses

Discipline/Course title Credit Hours

Agronomy
Fundamentals of Agronomy 4(3+1)
Introductory Agro-meteorology & Climate Change 2(1+1)
Crop Production Technology – I (Kharif crops) 2(1+1)
Crop Production Technology – II (Rabi crops) 2(1+1)
Farming System & Sustainable Agriculture 1(1+0)
Practical Crop Production - I (Kharif crops) 2(0+2)
Practical Crop Production - II (Rabi crops) 2(0+2)
Principles of Organic Farming 2(1+1)
Geoinformatics and Nanotechnology and Precision Farming 2(1+1)
Rainfed Agriculture & Watershed Management 2(1+1)
Genetics & Plant Breeding
Fundamentals of Genetics 3(2+1)
Principles of Seed Technology 3(1+2)
Fundamentals of Plant Breeding 3(2+1)
Crop Improvement-I (Kharif crops) 2(1+1)
Crop Improvement-II (Rabi crops) 2(1+1)
Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry
Fundamentals of Soil Science 3(2+1)
Manures, Fertilizers and Soil Fertility Management 3(2+1)
Problematic soils and their Management 2(2+0)
Entomology
Fundamentals of Entomology 4(3+1)
Pests of Crops and Stored Grain and their Management 3(2+1)
Management of Beneficial Insects 2(1+1)

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Discipline/Course title Credit Hours

Agricultural Economics
Fundamentals of Agricultural Economics 2(2+0)
Agricultural Finance and Co-Operation 3(2+1)
Agricultural Marketing Trade & Prices 3(2+1)
Farm Management, Production & Resource Economics 2(1+1)
Agricultural Engineering
Soil and Water Conservation Engineering 2(1+1)
Farm Machinery and Power 2(1+1)
Renewable Energy and Green Technology 2(1+1)
Protected Cultivation and Secondary Agriculture 2(1+1)
Plant Pathology
Fundamentals of Plant Pathology 4(3+1)
Diseases of Field and Horticultural Crops and their Management-I 3(2+1)
Diseases of Field and Horticultural Crops and their Management-II 3(2+1)
Principles of Integrated Pest and Disease Management 3(2+1)
Horticulture
Fundamentals of Horticulture 2(1+1)
Production Technology for Fruit and Plantation Crops 2(1+1)
Production Technology for Vegetables and Spices 2(1+1)
Production Technology for Ornamental Crops, MAP and Landscaping 2(1+1)
Post-harvest Management and Value Addition of Fruits and Vegetables 2(1+1)
Food Science & Technology
Principles of Food Science & Nutrition 2(2+0)
Agricultural Extension and Communication
Fundamentals of Agricultural Extension Education 3(2+1)
Rural Sociology & Educational Psychology 2(2+0)
Entrepreneurship Development and Business Communication 2(1+1)
Communication Skills and Personality Development 2(1+1)
Biochemistry / Physiology / Microbiology/ Environmental Sciences
Fundamentals of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 3(2+1)
Fundamentals of Crop Physiology 2(1+1)
Agricultural Microbiology 2(1+1)
Environmental Studies & Disaster Management 3(2+1)
Introduction to Forestry 2(1+1)
Statistics, Computer Application and I.P.R.
Statistical Methods 2(1+1)

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Discipline/Course title Credit Hours

Agri- Informatics 2(1+1)
Intellectual Property Rights 1(1+0)
Animal Production
Livestock and poultry Management 4(3+1)
Language
Comprehension & Communication Skills in English (Gradial course) 2(1+1)
Remedial Courses
Agricultural Heritage 1(1+0)
Introductory Biology 2(1+1)
Elementary Mathematics 2(2+0)
Non-Gradial Courses
NSS/NCC/Physical Education & Yoga Practices 2(0+2)
Human Values & Ethics 1(1+0)
Educational Tour 2(0+2)

Semester-wise distribution of courses

I Semester
1 Fundamentals of Horticulture 2 (1+1)
2 Fundamentals of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 3(2+1)
3 Fundamentals of Soil Science 3(2+1)
4 Introduction to Forestry 2 (1+1)
5 Comprehension & Communication Skills in English 2 (1+1)
6 Fundamentals of Agronomy 4(3+1)
7 Introductory Biology*/Elementary Mathematics* 2 (1+1)/ 2(2+0)*
8 Agricultural Heritage* 1(1+0)*
9 Rural Sociology & Educational Psychology 2 (2+0)
10 Human Values & Ethics (non gradial) 1(1+0)**
11 NSS/NCC/Physical Education & Yoga Practices** 2 (0+2)**
TOTAL 18+03*+03**
*R: Remedial course; **NC: Non-gradial courses
II Semester
1 Fundamentals of Genetics 3(2+1)
2 Agricultural Microbiology 2(1+1)
3 Soil and Water Conservation Engineering 2(1+1)
4 Fundamentals of Crop Physiology 2(1+1)
5 Fundamentals of Agricultural Economics 2(2+0)

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6 Fundamentals of Plant Pathology 4(3+1 )

7 Fundamentals of Entomology 4(3+1)
8 Fundamentals of Agricultural Extension Education 3(2+1)
9 Communication Skills and Personality Development 2(1+1)
Total 24(16+8)
III Semester
1 Crop Production Technology – I (Kharif Crops) 2 (1+1)
2 Fundamentals of Plant Breeding 3 (2+1)
3 Agricultural Finance and Cooperation 3 (2+1)
4 Agri- Informatics 2(1+1)
5 Farm Machinery and Power 2 (1+1)
6 Production Technology for Vegetables and Spices 2 (1+1)
7 Environmental Studies and Disaster Management 3(2+1)
8 Statistical Methods 2(1+1)
9 Livestock and Poultry Management 4 (3+1)
Total 23(14+9)
IV Semester
1 Crop Production Technology –II (Rabi Crops) 2(1+1)
2 Production Technology for Ornamental Crops, MAP and Landscaping 2(1+1)
3 Renewable Energy and Green Technology 2(1+1)
4 Problematic Soils and their Management 2(2+0)
5 Production Technology for Fruit and Plantation Crops 2(1+1)
6 Principles of Seed Technology 3(1+2)
7 Farming System & Sustainable Agriculture 1(1+0)
8 Agricultural Marketing Trade & Prices 3(2+1)
9 Introductory Agro-meteorology & Climate Change 2(1+1)
10 Elective Course 3 credit
Total 19(11+8) + 3
V Semester
1 Principles of Integrated Pest and Disease Management 3(2+1)
2 Manures, Fertilizers and Soil Fertility Management 3 (2+1)
3 Pests of Crops and Stored Grain and their Management 3 (2+1)
4 Diseases of Field and Horticultural Crops and their Management -I 3 (2+1)
5 Crop Improvement-I (Kharif Crops) 2 (1+1)
6 Entrepreneurship Development and Business Communication 2 (1+1)
7 Geoinformatics and Nano-technology and Precision Farming 2 (1+1)
8 Practical Crop Production – I (Kharif crops) 2 (0+2)

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9 Intellectual Property Rights 1(1+0)

10 Elective Course 3 credit
Total 21(12+09)+ 3
VI Semester
1 Rainfed Agriculture & Watershed Management 2 (1+1)
2 Protected Cultivation and Secondary Agriculture 2 (1+1)
3 Diseases of Field and Horticultural Crops and their Management-II 3 (2+1)
4 Post-harvest Management and Value Addition of Fruits and Vegetables 2 (1+1)
5 Management of Beneficial Insects 2 (1+1)
6 Crop Improvement-II (Rabi crops) 2 (1+1)
7 Practical Crop Production –II (Rabi crops) 2 (0+2)
8 Principles of Organic Farming 2 (1+1)
9 Farm Management, Production & Resource Economics 2 (1+1)
10 Principles of Food Science and Nutrition 2(2+0)
11 Elective Course 3 credits
Total 21 (11 + 10)+ 3

VII Semester
No. Rural Agricultural Work Experience and Agro-industrial Attachment (RAWE &AIA)
Activities No. of weeks Credit Hours
1 General orientation & On campus training by different faculties 1
2 Village attachment 8 14
Unit attachment in Univ./ College. KVK/ Research Station 5
Attachment
3 Plant clinic 2 02
Agro-Industrial Attachment 3 04
4 Project Report Preparation, Presentation and Evaluation 1
Total weeks for RAWE & AIA 20 20

yy Agro- Industrial Attachment: The students would be attached with the agro-industries for a
period of 3 weeks to get an experience of the industrial environment and working.
yy Educational tour will be conducted in break between IV & V Semester or VI & VII Semester

RAWE Component-I
Village Attachment Training Programme
Sl. No. Activity Duration
1 Orientation and Survey of Village 1 week
2 Agronomical Interventions 1 week

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Sl. No. Activity Duration

3 Plant Protection Interventions 1 week
4 Soil Improvement Interventions 1 week
(Soil sampling and testing)
5 Fruit and Vegetable production interventions 1 week
6 Food Processing and Storage interventions
7 Animal Production Interventions 1 week
8 Extension and Transfer of Technology activities 1 week

RAWE Component –II

Agro Industrial Attachment
yy Students shall be placed in Agro-and Cottage industries and Commodities Boards for 03
weeks.
yy Industries include Seed/Sapling production, Pesticides-insecticides, Post harvest-processing-
value addition, Agri-finance institutions, etc.
Activities and Tasks during Agro-Industrial Attachment Programme
yy Acquaintance with industry and staff
yy Study of structure, functioning, objective and mandates of the industry
yy Study of various processing units and hands-on trainings under supervision of industry staff
yy Ethics of industry
yy Employment generated by the industry
yy Contribution of the industry promoting environment
yy Learning business network including outlets of the industry
yy Skill development in all crucial tasks of the industry
yy Documentation of the activities and task performed by the students
yy Performance evaluation, appraisal and ranking of students
Modules for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship: A student has to register 20 credits
opting for two modules of (0+10) credits each (total 20 credits) from the package of modules in
the VIII semester.
Sl. No. Title of the module Credits
1 Production Technology for Bioagents and Biofertilizer 0+10
2 Seed Production and Technology 0+10
3 Mushroom Cultivation Technology 0+10
4 Soil, Plant, Water and Seed Testing 0+10
5 Commercial Beekeeping 0+10
6 Poultry Production Technology 0+10
7 Commercial Horticulture 0+10
8 Floriculture and Landscaping 0+10

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Sl. No. Title of the module Credits

9 Food Processing 0+10
10 Agriculture Waste Management 0+10
11 Organic Production Technology 0+10
12 Commercial Sericulture 0+10

NOTE: In addition to above ELP modules other important modules may be given to the
students by SAUs

Evaluation of Experiential Learning Programme/ HOT

S.No. Parameters Max. Marks
1. Project Planning and Writing 10
2. Presentation 10
3. Regularity 10
4. Monthly Assessment 10
5. Output delivery 10
6. Technical Skill Development 10
7. Entrepreneurship Skills 10
8. Business networking skills 10
9. Report Writing Skills 10
10. Final Presentation 10
Total 100

Discipline-wise summary of credit hours

S.N. Group Credits
1 Agronomy 21(10+11)
2 Genetics & Plant Breeding 13(7+6)
3 Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry 8(6+2)
4 Entomology 9(6+3)
5 Agricultural Economics 10(7+3)
6 Agricultural Engineering 8(4+4)
7 Plant Pathology 13(9+4)
8 Horticulture 10(5+5)
9 Food Science 2(2+0)
10 Agricultural Extension 9(6+3)
11 Biochemistry / Physiology / Microbiology/ Environmental Sciences 12(7+5)
12 Statistics, Computer Application and I.P.R. 5(3+2)
13 Animal Production 4(3+1)

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S.N. Group Credits

14 English 2 (1+1)
15 Remedial Courses 03 (Biol/ Math);
01 (Agriculture)
16 NSS/NCC/Physical Education & Yoga Practices 2(0+2)
17 Human Values and Ethics 1(1+0)
18 Educational Tour 2(0+2)
Total 126 + 3 (for Bio / Math)/
01(Agri) + 5 NC
126+3+1+5+ 9 credits
elective
RAWE 20 +20
ELP
Grand Total 144+20+20=184
New Courses 24+4 (remedial)+1 (NC)

NEW COURSES
Sl. No. Course Title Credit Hours
1. Geoinformatics, Nanotechnology and Precision Farming 2(1+1)
2. Rainfed Agriculture and Watershed Management 2(1+1)
3. Problematic Soils and their Management 2(2+0)
4. Renewable Energy and Green Technology 2(1+1)
5. Management of Beneficial Insects 2(1+1)
6. Fundamentals of Horticulture 2(1+1)
7. Introduction to Forestry 2(1+1)
8. Agri- Informatics 2(1+1)
9. Intellectual Property Rights 1(1+0)
10. Principles of Food Science & Technology 2(2+0)
11. Communication Skills and Personality Development 2(1+1)
12. Principles of Integrated Pest & Diseases Management 3(2+1)
13. Agricultural Heritage 1(1+0)*
14. Introductory Biology 2(1+1)*
15. Elementary Mathematics 2(2+0)*
16. Human Values & Ethics (NG) 1(1+0)**

* Remedial courses ** Non-gradial courses

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Elective Courses : A student can select three elective courses out of the following and offer
during 4th, 5th and 6th semesters.
S.N. Courses Credit Hours
1 Agribusiness Management 3(2+1)
2 Agrochemicals 3(2+1)
3 Commercial Plant Breeding 3(1+2)
4 Landscaping 3(2+1)
5 Food Safety and Standards 3(2+1)
6 Biopesticides & Biofertilizers 3(2+1)
7 Protected Cultivation 3(2+1)
8 Micro propagation Technologies 3(1+2)
9 Hi-tech. Horticulture 3(2+1)
10 Weed Management 3(2+1)
11 System Simulation and Agro-advisory 3(2+1)
12 Agricultural Journalism 3(2+1)

SYLLABUS
I. AGRONOMY
1. Fundamentals of Agronomy 4(3+1)
Theory
Agronomy and its scope, seeds and sowing, tillage and tilth, crop density and geometry,
Crop nutrition, manures and fertilizers, nutrient use efficiency, water resources, soil-plant-water
relationship, crop water requirement, water use efficiency, irrigation- scheduling criteria and
methods, quality of irrigation water, logging.
Weeds- importance, classification, crop weed competition, concepts of weed management-
principles and methods, herbicides- classification, selectivity and resistance, allelopathy. Growth
and development of crops, factors affecting growth and development, plant ideotypes, crop
rotation and its principles, adaptation and distribution of crops, crop management technologies
in problematic areas, harvesting and threshing of crops.

Practical
Identification of crops, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and tillage implements, study of agro-
climatic zones of India, Identification of weeds in crops, Methods of herbicide and fertilizer
application, Study of yield contributing characters and yield estimation, Seed germination and
viability test, Numerical exercises on fertilizer requirement, plant population, herbicides and
water requirement, Use of tillage implements-reversible plough, one way plough, harrow, leveler,
seed drill, Study of soil moisture measuring devices, Measurement of field capacity, bulk density
and infiltration rate, Measurement of irrigation water.

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2. Introductory Agrometeorology & Climate Change 2(1+1)

Theory
Meaning and scope of agricultural meteorology; Earth atmosphere- its composition, extent
and structure; Atmospheric weather variables; Atmospheric pressure, its variation with height;
Wind, types of wind, daily and seasonal variation of wind speed, cyclone, anticyclone, land breeze
and sea breeze; Nature and properties of solar radiation, solar constant, depletion of solar radiation,
short wave, longwave and thermal radiation, net radiation, albedo; Atmospheric temperature,
temperature inversion, lapse rate, daily and seasonal variations of temperature, vertical profile
of temperature, Energy balance of earth; Atmospheric humidity, concept of saturation, vapor
pressure, process of condensation, formation of dew, fog, mist, frost, cloud; Precipitation, process
of precipitation, types of precipitation such as rain, snow, sleet, and hail, cloud formation and
classification; Artificial rainmaking. Monsoon- mechanism and importance in Indian agriculture,
Weather hazards - drought, floods, frost, tropical cyclones and extreme weather conditions such as
heat-wave and cold-wave. Agriculture and weather relations; Modifications of crop microclimate,
climatic normals for crop and livestock production. Weather forecasting- types of weather forecast
and their uses. Climate change, climatic variability, global warming, causes of climate change and
its impact on regional and national Agriculture.

Practical
Visit of Agrometeorological Observatory, site selection of observatory, exposure of
instruments and weather data recording. Measurement of total, shortwave and longwave radiation,
and its estimation using Planck’s intensity law. Measurement of albedo and sunshine duration,
computation of Radiation Intensity using BSS. Measurement of maximum and minimum air
temperatures, its tabulation, trend and variation analysis. Measurement of soil temperature
and computation of soil heat flux. Determination of vapor pressure and relative humidity.
Determination of dew point temperature. Measurement of atmospheric pressure and analysis of
atmospheric conditions. Measurement of wind speed and wind direction, preparation of wind
rose. Measurement, tabulation and analysis of rain. Measurement of open pan evaporation and
evapotranspiration. Computation of PET and AET.

3. Crop Production Technology-I (Kharif Crops) 2(1+1)

Theory
Origin, geographical distribution, economic importance, soil and climatic requirements,
varieties, cultural practices and yield of Kharif crops. Cereals – rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet
and finger millet, pulses-pigeonpea, mungbean and urdbean; oilseeds- groundnut, and soybean;
fibre crops- cotton & jute; forage crops-sorghum, cowpea, cluster bean and napier.

Practical
Rice nursery preparation, transplanting of rice, sowing of soybean, pigeonpea and mungbean.
maize, groundnut and cotton, effect of seed size on germination and seedling vigour of kharif
season crops, effect of sowing depth on germination of kharif crops, identification of weeds
in kharif season crops, top dressing and foliar feeding of nutrients, study of yield contributing
characters and yield calculation of kharif season crops, study of crop varieties and important

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agronomic experiments at experimental farm. study of forage experiments, morphological

description of kharif season crops, visit to research centres of related crops.

4. Crop Production Technology-II (Rabi crops) 2(1+1)

Theory
Origin, geographical distribution, economic importance, soil and climatic requirements,
varieties, cultural practices and yield of Rabi crops; cereals –wheat and barley, pulses-chickpea,
lentil, peas, oilseeds-rapeseed, mustard and sunflower; sugar crops-sugarcane; medicinal and
aromatic crops-mentha, lemon grass and citronella, Forage crops-berseem, lucerne and oat.

Practical
Sowing methods of wheat and sugarcane, identification of weeds in rabi season crops, study
of morphological characteristics of rabi crops, study of yield contributing characters of rabi season
crops, yield and juice quality analysis of sugarcane, study of important agronomic experiments
of rabi crops at experimental farms. Study of rabi forage experiments, oil extraction of medicinal
crops, visit to research stations of related crops.

5. Farming System and Sustainable Agriculture 1(1+0)

Theory
Farming System-scope, importance, and concept, Types and systems of farming system
and factors affecting types of farming, Farming system components and their maintenance,
Cropping system and pattern, multiple cropping system, Efficient cropping system and their
evaluation, Allied enterprises and their importance, Tools for determining production and
efficiencies in cropping and farming system; Sustainable agriculture-problems and its impact
on agriculture, indicators of sustainability, adaptation and mitigation, conservation agriculture
strategies in agriculture, HEIA, LEIA and LEISA and its techniques for sustainability, Integrated
farming system-historical background, objectives and characteristics, components of IFS and its
advantages, Site specific development of IFS model for different agro-climatic zones, resource use
efficiency and optimization techniques, Resource cycling and flow of energy in different farming
system, farming system and environment, Visit of IFS model in different agro-climatic zones of
nearby states University/ institutes and farmers field.

6. Practical Crop Production-I (Kharif Crops) 2(0+2)

Practical
Crop planning, raising field crops in multiple cropping systems: Field preparation, seed,
treatment, nursery raising, sowing, nutrient, water and weed management and management of
insect-pests diseases of crops, harvesting, threshing, drying winnowing, storage and marketing
of produce. The emphasis will be given to seed production, mechanization, resource conservation
and integrated nutrient, insect-pest and disease management technologies. Preparation of balance
sheet including cost of cultivation, net returns per student as well as per team of 8-10 students.

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7. Practical Crop Production-II (Rabi Crops) 2(0+2)

Practical
Crop planning, raising field crops in multiple cropping systems: Field preparation, seed,
treatment, nursery raising, sowing, nutrient, water and weed management and management of
insect-pests diseases of crops, harvesting, threshing, drying winnowing, storage and marketing
of produce. The emphasis will be given to seed production, mechanization, resource conservation
and integrated nutrient, insect-pest and disease management technologies. Preparation of balance
sheet including cost of cultivation, net returns per student as well as per team of 8-10 students.

8. Principles of Organic Farming 2(1+1)

Theory
Organic farming, principles and its scope in India; Initiatives taken by Government (central/
state), NGOs and other organizations for promotion of organic agriculture; Organic ecosystem
and their concepts; Organic nutrient resources and its fortification; Restrictions to nutrient use
in organic farming; Choice of crops and varieties in organic farming; Fundamentals of insect,
pest, disease and weed management under organic mode of production; Operational structure
of NPOP; Certification process and standards of organic farming; Processing, leveling, economic
considerations and viability, marketing and export potential of organic products.

Practical
Visit of organic farms to study the various components and their utilization; Preparation
of enrich compost, vermicompost, bio-fertilizers/bio-inoculants and their quality analysis;
Indigenous technology knowledge (ITK) for nutrient, insect, pest disease and weed management;
Cost of organic production system; Post harvest management; Quality aspect, grading, packaging
and handling.

9. Geoinformatics, Nano-technology and Precision Farming 2(1+1)

Theory
Precision agriculture: concepts and techniques; their issues and concerns for Indian
agriculture; Geo-informatics- definition, concepts, tool and techniques; their use in Precision
Agriculture. Crop discrimination and Yield monitoring, soil mapping; fertilizer recommendation
using geospatial technologies; Spatial data and their management in GIS; Remote sensing concepts
and application in agriculture; Image processing and interpretation; Global positioning system
(GPS), components and its functions; Introduction to crop Simulation Models and their uses for
optimization of Agricultural Inputs; STCR approach for precision agriculture; Nanotechnology,
definition, concepts and techniques, brief introduction about nanoscale effects, nano-particles,
nano-pesticides, nano-fertilizers, nano-sensors, Use of nanotechnology in seed, water, fertilizer,
plant protection for scaling-up farm productivity.

Practical
Introduction to GIS software, spatial data creation and editing. Introduction to image processing
software. Visual and digital interpretation of remote sensing images. Generation of spectral

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profiles of different objects. Supervised and unsupervised classification and acreage estimation.
Multispectral remote sensing for soil mapping. Creation of thematic layers of soil fertility based on
GIS. Creation of productivity and management zones. Fertilizers recommendations based of VRT
and STCR techniques. Crop stress (biotic/abiotic) monitoring using geospatial technology. Use of
GPS for agricultural survey. Formulation, characterization and applications of nanoparticles in
agriculture. Projects formulation and execution related to precision farming.

10. Rainfed Agriculture and Watershed Management – (New) 2(1+1)

Theory
Rainfed agriculture: Introduction, types, History of rainfed agriculture and watershed
in India; Problems and prospects of rainfed agriculture in India ; Soil and climatic conditions
prevalent in rainfed areas; Soil and water conservation techniques, Drought: types, effect of water
deficit on physio-morphological characteristics of the plants, Crop adaptation and mitigation to
drought; Water harvesting: importance, its techniques, Efficient utilization of water through soil
and crop management practices,Management of crops in rainfed areas, Contingent crop planning
for aberrant weather conditions, Concept, objective, principles and components of watershed
management, factors affecting watershed management.

Practical
Studies on climate classification, studies on rainfall pattern in rainfed areas of the country and
pattern of onset and withdrawal of monsoons. Studies on cropping pattern of different rainfed areas
in the country and demarcation of rainfed area on map of India. Interpretation of meteorological
data and scheduling of supplemental irrigation on the basis of evapo-transpiration demand of
crops. Critical analysis of rainfall and possible drought period in the country, effective rainfall and
its calculation. Studies on cultural practices for mitigating moisture stress. Characterization and
delineation of model watershed. Field demonstration on soil & moisture conservation measures.
Field demonstration on construction of water harvesting structures. Visit to rainfed research
station/watershed.

II. GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING

1. Fundamentals of Genetics 3(2+1)
Theory
Pre and Post Mendelian concepts of heredity, Mendelian principles of heredity.
Architecture of chromosome; chromonemata, chromosome matrix, chromomeres, centromere,
secondary constriction and telomere; special types of chromosomes. Chromosomal theory of
inheritance- cell cycle and cell division- mitosis and meiosis. Probability and Chi-square.
Dominance relationships, Epistatic interactions with example.
Multiple alleles, pleiotropism and pseudoalleles, Sex determination and sex linkage, sex
limited and sex influenced traits, Blood group genetics, Linkage and its estimation, crossing over
mechanisms, chromosome mapping. Structural and numerical variations in chromosome and

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their implications, Use of haploids, dihaploids and doubled haploids in Genetics. Mutation,
classification, Methods of inducing mutations & CIB technique, mutagenic agents and induction of
mutation. Qualitative & Quantitative traits, Polygenes and continuous variations, multiple factor
hypothesis, Cytoplasmic inheritance. Genetic disorders. Nature, structure & replication of genetic
material. Protein synthesis, Transcription and translational mechanism of genetic material, Gene
concept: Gene structure, function and regulation, Lac and Trp operons.

Practical
Study of microscope. Study of cell structure. Mitosis and Meiosis cell division. Experiments on
monohybrid, dihybrid, trihybrid, test cross and back cross, Experiments on epistatic interactions
including test cross and back cross, Practice on mitotic and meiotic cell division, Experiments on
probability and Chi-square test. Determination of linkage and cross-over analysis (through two
point test cross and three point test cross data). Study on sex linked inheritance in Drosophila.
Study of models on DNA and RNA structures.

2. Principles of Seed Technology 3(1+2)

Theory
Seed and seed technology: introduction, definition and importance. Deterioration causes
of crop varieties and their control; Maintenance of genetic purity during seed production, seed
quality; Definition, Characters of good quality seed, different classes of seed. Foundation and
certified seed production of important cereals, pulses, oilseeds, fodder and vegetables. Seed
certification, phases of certification, procedure for seed certification, field inspection. Seed Act and
Seed Act enforcement. Duty and powers of seed inspector, offences and penalties. Seeds Control
Order 1983, Varietal Identification through Grow Out Test and Electrophoresis, Molecular and
Biochemical test. Detection of genetically modified crops, Transgene contamination in non-GM
crops, GM crops and organic seed production.
Seed drying, processing and their steps, seed testing for quality assessment, seed treatment,
its importance, method of application and seed packing. Seed storage; general principles, stages
and factors affecting seed longevity during storage. Measures for pest and disease control during
storage. Seed marketing: structure and organization, sales generation activities, promotional
media. Factors affecting seed marketing, Role of WTO and OECD in seed marketing. Private and
public sectors and their production and marketing strategies.

Practical
Seed production in major cereals: Wheat, Rice, Maize, Sorghum, Bajra and Ragi. Seed
production in major pulses: Urd, Mung, Pigeonpea, Lentil, Gram, Field bean, pea. Seed production
in major oilseeds: Soybean, Sunflower, Rapeseed, Groundnut and Mustard. Seed production in
important vegetable crops. Seed sampling and testing: Physical purity, germination, viability,
etc. Seed and seedling vigour test. Genetic purity test: Grow out test and electrophoresis. Seed
certification: Procedure, Field inspection, Preparation of field inspection report. Visit to seed
production farms, seed testing laboratories and seed processing plant.

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3. Fundamentals of Plant Breeding 3(2+1)

Theory
Historical development, concept, nature and role of plant breeding, major
achievements and future prospects; Genetics in relation to plant breeding, modes of
reproduction and apomixes, self-incompatibility and male sterility- genetic consequences,
cultivar options. Domestication, Acclimatization and Introduction; Centres of origin/
diversity, components of Genetic variation; Heritability and genetic advance; Genetic
basis and breeding methods in self- pollinated crops - mass and pure line selection,
hybridization techniques and handling of segregating population; Multiline concept.
Concepts of population genetics and Hardy-Weinberg Law, Genetic basis and methods
of breeding cross pollinated crops, modes of selection; Population improvement Schemes-
Ear to row method, Modified Ear to Row, recurrent selection schemes; Heterosis and inbreeding
depression, development of inbred lines and hybrids, composite and synthetic varieties;
Breeding methods in asexually propagated crops, clonal selection and hybridization;
Maintenance of breeding records and data collection; Wide hybridization and pre-
breeding; Polyploidy in relation to plant breeding, mutation breeding-methods and
uses; Breeding for important biotic and abiotic stresses; Biotechnological tools-DNA
markers and marker assisted selection. Participatory plant breeding; Intellectual
Property Rights, Patenting, Plant Breeders and & Farmer’s Rights.
Practical
Plant Breeder’s kit, Study of germplasm of various crops. Study of floral structure of
self-pollinated and cross pollinated crops. Emasculation and hybridization techniques
in self & cross pollinated crops. Consequences of inbreeding on genetic structure of
resulting populations. Study of male sterility system. Handling of segregation populations.
Methods of calculating mean, range, variance, standard deviation, heritability. Designs
used in plant breeding experiments, analysis of Randomized Block Design. To work out
the mode of pollination in a given crop and extent of natural out-crossing. Prediction of
performance of double cross hybrids.

4. Crop Improvement – I (Kharif) 2(1+1)

Theory
Centers of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives in different cereals; pulses; oilseeds;
fibres; fodders and cash crops; vegetable and horticultural crops; Plant genetic resources, its
utilization and conservation, study of genetics of qualitative and quantitative characters; Important
concepts of breeding self pollinated, cross pollinated and vegetatively propagated crops; Major
breeding objectives and procedures including conventional and modern innovative approaches
for development of hybrids and varieties for yield, adaptability, stability, abiotic and biotic stress

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tolerance and quality (physical, chemical, nutritional); Hybrid seed production technology in
Maize, Rice, Sorghum, Pearl millet and Pigeonpea, etc. Ideotype concept and climate resilient
crop varieties for future.

Practical
Floral biology, emasculation and hybridization techniques in different crop species; viz., Rice,
Jute, Maize, Sorghum, Pearl millet, Ragi, Pigeonpea, Urdbean, Mungbean, Soybean, Groundnut,
Seasame, Caster, Cotton, Cowpea, Tobacco, Brinjal, Okra and Cucurbitaceous crops. Maintenance
breeding of different kharif crops. Handling of germplasm and segregating populations by different
methods like pedigree, bulk and single seed decent methods; Study of field techniques for seed
production and hybrid seeds production in Kharif crops; Estimation of heterosis, inbreeding
depression and heritability; Layout of field experiments; Study of quality characters, donor parents
for different characters; Visit to seed production plots; Visit to AICRP plots of different field crops.

5. Crop Improvement – II (Rabi) 2(1+1)

Theory
Centers of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives in different cereals; pulses; oilseeds;
fodder crops and cash crops; vegetable and horticultural crops; Plant genetic resources, its
utilization and conservation; study of genetics of qualitative and quantitative characters; Major
breeding objectives and procedures including conventional and modern innovative approaches
for development of hybrids and varieties for yield, adaptability, stability, abiotic and biotic stress
tolerance and quality (physical, chemical, nutritional); Hybrid seed production technology of rabi
crops. Ideotype concept and climate resilient crop varieties for future.

Practical
Floral biology, emasculation and hybridization techniques in different crop species namely
Wheat, Oat, Barley, Chickpea, Lentil, Field pea, Rajma, Horse gram, Rapeseed Mustard,
Sunflower, Safflower, Potato, Berseem. Sugarcane, Tomato, Chilli, Onion; Handling of germplasm
and segregating populations by different methods like pedigree, bulk and single seed decent
methods; Study of field techniques for seed production and hybrid seeds production in Rabi crops;
Estimation of heterosis, inbreeding depression and heritability; Layout of field experiments; Study
of quality characters, study of donor parents for different characters; Visit to seed production
plots; Visit to AICRP plots of different field crops

III. SOIL SCIENCE & AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY

1. Fundamentals of Soil Science 3(2+1)
Theory
Soil as a natural body, Pedological and edaphological concepts of soil; Soil genesis: soil forming
rocks and minerals; weathering, processes and factors of soil formation; Soil Profile, components
of soil; Soil physical properties: soil-texture, structure, density and porosity, soil colour, consistence
and plasticity; Elementary knowledge of soil taxonomy classification and soils of India; Soil water
retention, movement and availability; Soil air, composition, gaseous exchange, problem and plant

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growth, Soil temperature; source, amount and flow of heat in soil; effect on plant growth, Soil
reaction-pH, soil acidity and alkalinity, buffering, effect of pH on nutrient availability; soil colloids
- inorganic and organic; silicate clays: constitution and properties; sources of charge; ion exchange,
cation exchange capacity, base saturation; soil organic matter: composition, properties and its
influence on soil properties; humic substances - nature and properties; soil organisms: macro and
micro organisms, their beneficial and harmful effects; Soil pollution - behaviour of pesticides and
inorganic contaminants, prevention and mitigation of soil pollution.

Practical
Study of soil profile in field. Study of soil sampling tools, collection of representative soil
sample, its processing and storage. Study of soil forming rocks and minerals. Determination of
soil density, moisture content and porosity. Determination of soil texture by feel and Bouyoucos
Methods. Studies of capillary rise phenomenon of water in soil column and water movement
in soil. Determination of soil pH and electrical conductivity. Determination of cation exchange
capacity of soil. Study of soil map. Determination of soil colour. Demonstration of heat transfer in
soil. Estimation of organic matter content of soil.

2. Manures, Fertilizers and Soil Fertility Management 3(2+1)

Theory
Introduction and importance of organic manures, properties and methods of preparation of
bulky and concentrated manures. Green/leaf manuring. Fertilizer recommendation approaches.
Integrated nutrient management.
Chemical fertilizers: classification, composition and properties of major nitrogenous,
phosphatic, potassic fertilizers, secondary & micronutrient fertilizers, Complex fertilizers, nano
fertilizers Soil amendments, Fertilizer Storage, Fertilizer Control Order.
History of soil fertility and plant nutrition. criteria of essentiality. role, deficiency and toxicity
symptoms of essential plant nutrients, Mechanisms of nutrient transport to plants, factors
affecting nutrient availability to plants. Chemistry of soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,
calcium, magnesium, sulphur and micronutrients. Soil fertility evaluation, Soil testing. Critical
levels of different nutrients in soil. Forms of nutrients in soil, plant analysis, rapid plant tissue
tests. Indicator plants. Methods of fertilizer recommendations to crops. Factor influencing
nutrient use efficiency (NUE), methods of application under rainfed and irrigated conditions.

Practical
Introduction of analytical instruments and their principles, calibration and applications,
Colorimetry and flame photometry. Estimation of soil organic carbon, Estimation of alkaline
hydrolysable N in soils. Estimation of soil extractable P in soils. Estimation of exchangeable K; Ca
and Mg in soils . Estimation of soil extractable S in soils.. Estimation of DTPA extractable Zn in
soils. Estimation of N in plants. Estimation of P in plants. Estimation of K in plants. Estimation
of S in plants.

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3. Problematic Soils and their Management (New) 2(2+0)

Theory
Soil quality and health, Distribution of Waste land and problem soils in India. Their
categorization based on properties. Reclamation and management of Saline and sodic soils, Acid
soils, Acid Sulphate soils, Eroded and Compacted soils, Flooded soils, Polluted soils.
Irrigation water – quality and standards, utilization of saline water in agriculture. Remote
sensing and GIS in diagnosis and management of problem soils.
Multipurpose tree species, bio remediation through MPTs of soils, land capability and
classification, land suitability classification. Problematic soils under different Agro-ecosystems.

IV. ENTOMOLOGY
1. Fundamentals of Entomology 4(3+1)
Part – I
History of Entomology in India. Major points related to dominance of Insecta in Animal
kingdom. Classification of phylum Arthropoda upto classes. Relationship of class Insecta with
other classes of Arthropoda. Morphology: Structure and functions of insect cuticle and molting.
Body segmentation. Structure of Head, thorax and abdomen. Structure and modifications of
insect antennae, mouth parts, legs, Wing venation, modifications and wing coupling apparatus.
Structure of male and female genital organ. Metamorphosis and diapause in insects. Types of
larvae and pupae. Structure and functions of digestive, circulatory, excretory, respiratory, nervous,
secretary (Endocrine) and reproductive system, in insects. Types of reproduction in insects. Major
sensory organs like simple and compound eyes, chemoreceptor.

Part-II
Insect Ecology: Introduction, Environment and its components. Effect of abiotic factors–
temperature, moisture, humidity, rainfall, light, atmospheric pressure and air currents. Effect of
biotic factors – food competition, natural and environmental resistance.

Part III
Categories of pests. Concept of IPM, Practices, scope and limitations of IPM. Classification
of insecticides, toxicity of insecticides and formulations of insecticides. Chemical control-
importance, hazards and limitations. Recent methods of pest control, repellents, anti feed ants,
hormones, attractants, gamma radiation. Insecticides Act 1968- Important provisions. Application
techniques of spray fluids. Symptoms of poisoning, first aid and antidotes.

Part – IV
Systematics: Taxonomy –importance, history and development and binomial nomenclature.
Definitions of Biotype, Sub-species, Species, Genus, Family and Order. Classification of
class Insecta upto Orders, basic groups of present day insects with special emphasis to orders
and families of Agricultural importance like Orthoptera: Acrididae, Tettigonidae, Gryllidae,
Gryllotalpidae; Dictyoptera: Mantidae, Blattidae; Odonata; Isoptera: Termitidae; Thysanoptera:

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Thripidae; Hemiptera: Pentatomidae, Coreidae, Cimicidae, Pyrrhocoridae, Lygaeidae,

Cicadellidae, Delphacidae, Aphididae, Coccidae, Lophophidae, Aleurodidae, Pseudococcidae;
Neuroptera: Chrysopidae; Lepidoptera: Pieridae, Papiloinidae, Noctuidae, Sphingidae, Pyralidae,
Gelechiidae, Arctiidae, Saturnidae, Bombycidae; Coleoptera: Coccinellidae, Chrysomelidae,
Cerambycidae, Curculionidae, Bruchidae, Scarabaeidae; Hymenoptera: Tenthridinidae, Apidae.
Trichogrammatidae, lchneumonidae, Braconidae, Chalcididae; Diptera: Cecidomyiidae,
Tachinidae, Agromyziidae, Culicidae,Muscidae, Tephritidae.

Practical
Methods of collection and preservation of insects including immature stages; External features
of Grasshopper/Blister beetle; Types of insect antennae, mouthparts and legs; Wing venation,
types of wings and wing coupling apparatus. Types of insect larvae and pupae; Dissection of
digestive system in insects (Grasshopper); Dissection of male and female reproductive systems in
insects (Grasshopper); Study of characters of orders Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Odonata, Isoptera,
Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera and their
families of agricultural importance. Insecticides and their formulations. Pesticide appliances and
their maintenance. Sampling techniques for estimation of insect population and damage.

2. Pests of Crops and Stored Grains and their Management 3(2+1)

Theory
General account on nature and type of damage by different arthropods pests. Scientific
name, order, family, host range, distribution, biology and bionomics, nature of damage, and
management of major pests and scientific name, order, family, host range, distribution, nature of
damage and control practice other important arthropod pests of various field crop, vegetable crop,
fruit crop, plantation crops, ornamental crops, spices and condiments. Factors affecting losses of
stored grain and role of physical, biological, mechanical and chemical factors in deterioration of
grain. Insect pests, mites, rodents, birds and microorganisms associated with stored grain and
their management. Storage structure and methods of grain storage and fundamental principles of
grain store management.

Practical
Identification of different types of damage. Identification and study of life cycle and seasonal
history of various insect pests attacking crops and their produce: (a) Field Crops; (b) Vegetable
Crops; (c) Fruit Crops; (d) Plantation, gardens, Narcotics, spices & condiments. Identification
of insect pests and Mites associated with stored grain. Determination of insect infestation by
different methods. Assessment of losses due to insects. Calculations on the doses of insecticides
application technique. Fumigation of grain store / godown. Identification of rodents and rodent
control operations in godowns. Identification of birds and bird control operations in godowns.
Determination of moisture content of grain. Methods of grain sampling under storage condition.
Visit to Indian Storage Management and Research Institute, Hapur and Quality Laboratory,
Department of Food., Delhi. Visit to nearest FCI godowns.

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3. Management of Beneficial Insects 2(1+1)

Theory
Importance of beneficial Insects, Beekeeping and pollinators, bee biology, commercial methods
of rearing, equipment used, seasonal management, bee enemies and disease. Bee pasturage, bee
foraging and communication. Insect pests and diseases of honey bee. Role of pollinators in cross
pollinated plants.
Types of silkworm, voltinism and biology of silkworm. Mulberry cultivation, mulberry
varieties and methods of harvesting and preservation of leaves. Rearing, mounting and harvesting
of cocoons. Pest and diseases of silkworm, management, rearing appliances of mulberry silkworm
and methods of disinfection.
Species of lac insect, morphology, biology, host plant, lac production – seed lac, button lac,
shellac, lac- products. Identification of major parasitoids and predators commonly being used in
biological control.
Insect orders bearing predators and parasitoids used in pest control and their mass
multiplication techniques. Important species of pollinator, weed killers and scavengers with their
importance.

Practical
Honey bee species, castes of bees. Beekeeping appliances and seasonal management, bee
enemies and disease. Bee pasturage, bee foraging and communication. Types of silkworm, voltinism
and biology of silkworm. Mulberry cultivation, mulberry varieties and methods of harvesting
and preservation of leaves. Species of lac insect, host plant identification. Identification of other
important pollinators, weed killers and scavengers. Visit to research and training institutions
devoted to beekeeping, sericulture, lac culture and natural enemies. Identification and techniques
for mass multiplication of natural enemies.

V. AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
1. Fundamentals of Agricultural Economics 2(2+0)
Theory
Economics: Meaning, scope and subject matter, definitions, activities, approaches to economic
analysis; micro and macro economics, positive and normative analysis. Nature of economic
theory; rationality assumption, concept of equilibrium, economic laws as generalization of
human behavior. Basic concepts: Goods and services, desire, want, demand, utility, cost and price,
wealth, capital, income and welfare. Agricultural economics: meaning, definition, characteristics
of agriculture, importance and its role in economic development. Agricultural planning and
development in the country. Demand: meaning, law of demand, schedule and demand curve,
determinants, utility theory; law of diminishing marginal utility, equi-marginal utility principle.
Consumer’s equilibrium and derivation of demand curve, concept of consumer surplus. Elasticity
of demand: concept and measurement of price elasticity, income elasticity and cross elasticity.
Production: process, creation of utility, factors of production, input output relationship. Laws of

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returns: Law of variable proportions and law of returns to scale. Cost: concepts, short run and
long run cost curves. Supply: Stock v/s supply, law of supply, schedule, supply curve, determinants
of supply, elasticity of supply. Market structure: meaning and types of market, basic features of
perfectly competitive and imperfect markets. Price determination under perfect competition;
short run and long run equilibrium of firm and industry, shut down and break even points.
Distribution theory: meaning, factor market and pricing of factors of production. Concepts of
rent, wage, interest and profit. National income: Meaning and importance, circular flow, concepts
of national income accounting and approaches to measurement, difficulties in measurement.
Population: Importance, Malthusian and Optimum population theories, natural and socio-
economic determinants, current policies and programmes on population control. Money: Barter
system of exchange and its problems, evolution, meaning and functions of money, classification
of money, supply, general price index, inflation and deflation. Banking: Role in modern economy,
types of banks, functions of commercial and central bank, credit creation policy. Agricultural
and public finance: meaning, micro v/s macro finance, need for agricultural finance, public
revenue and public expenditure. Tax: meaning, direct and indirect taxes, agricultural taxation,
VAT. Economic systems: Concepts of economy and its functions, important features of capitalistic,
socialistic and mixed economies, elements of economic planning.

2. Agricultural Finance and Co-Operation 3(2+1)

Theory
Agricultural Finance- meaning, scope and significance, credit needs and its role in Indian
agriculture. Agricultural credit: meaning, definition, need, classification. Credit analysis: 4 R’s,
and 3C’s of credits. Sources of agricultural finance: institutional and non-institutional sources,
commercial banks, social control and nationalization of commercial banks, Micro financing
including KCC. Lead bank scheme, RRBs, Scale of finance and unit cost. An introduction to higher
financing institutions – RBI, NABARD, ADB, IMF, world bank, Insurance and Credit Guarantee
Corporation of India. Cost of credit. Recent development in agricultural credit. Preparation
and analysis of financial statements – Balance Sheet and Income Statement. Basic guidelines for
preparation of project reports- Bank norms – SWOT analysis.
Agricultural Cooperation – Meaning, brief history of cooperative development in India,
objectives, principles of cooperation, significance of cooperatives in Indian agriculture.
Agricultural Cooperation in India- credit, marketing, consumer and multi-purpose cooperatives,
farmers’ service cooperative societies, processing cooperatives, farming cooperatives, cooperative
warehousing; role of ICA, NCUI, NCDC, NAFED.

Practicals
Determination of most profitable level of capital use. Optimum allocation of limited amount
of capital among different enterprise. Analysis of progress and performance of cooperatives
using published data. Analysis of progress and performance of commercial banks and RRBs
using published data. Visit to a commercial bank, cooperative bank and cooperative society to
acquire firsthand knowledge of their management, schemes and procedures. Estimation of credit
requirement of farm business – A case study. Preparation and analysis of balance sheet – A case
study. Preparation and analysis of income statement – A case study. Appraisal of a loan proposal

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– A case study. Techno-economic parameters for preparation of projects. Preparation of Bankable

projects for various agricultural products and its value added products. Seminar on selected
topics.

3. Agricultural Marketing, Trade and Prices 3(2+1)

Theory
Agricultural Marketing: Concepts and definitions of market, marketing, agricultural marketing,
market structure, marketing mix and market segmentation, classification and characteristics of
agricultural markets; demand, supply and producer’s surplus of agri-commodities: nature and
determinants of demand and supply of farm products, producer’s surplus – meaning and its types,
marketable and marketed surplus, factors affecting marketable surplus of agri-commodities;
product life cycle (PLC) and competitive strategies: Meaning and stages in PLC; characteristics of
PLC; strategies in different stages of PLC; pricing and promotion strategies: pricing considerations
and approaches – cost based and competition based pricing; market promotion – advertising,
personal selling, sales promotion and publicity – their meaning and merits & demerits; marketing
process and functions: Marketing process-concentration, dispersion and equalization; exchange
functions – buying and selling; physical functions – storage, transport and processing; facilitating
functions – packaging, branding, grading, quality control and labeling (Agmark); Market
functionaries and marketing channels: Types and importance of agencies involved in agricultural
marketing; meaning and definition of marketing channel;number of channel levels; marketing
channels for different farm products; Integration, efficiency, costs and price spread: Meaning,
definition and types of market integration; marketing efficiency; marketing costs, margins and
price spread; factors affecting cost of marketing; reasons for higher marketing costs of farm
commodities; ways of reducing marketing costs; Role of Govt. in agricultural marketing: Public
sector institutions- CWC, SWC, FCI, CACP & DMI – their objectives and functions; cooperative
marketing in India; Risk in marketing: Types of risk in marketing; speculation & hedging; an
overview of futures trading; Agricultural prices and policy: Meaning and functions of price;
administered prices; need for agricultural price policy; Trade: Concept of International Trade
and its need, theories of absolute and comparative advantage. Present status and prospects of
international trade in agri-commodities; GATT and WTO; Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) and
its implications on Indian agriculture; IPR.

Practical
Plotting and study of demand and supply curves and calculation of elasticities; Study of
relationship between market arrivals and prices of some selected commodities; Computation
of marketable and marketed surplus of important commodities; Study of price behaviour over
time for some selected commodities; Construction of index numbers; Visit to a local market to
study various marketing functions performed by different agencies, identification of marketing
channels for selected commodity, collection of data regarding marketing costs, margins and price
spread and presentation of report in the class; Visit to market institutions – NAFED, SWC, CWC,
cooperative marketing society, etc. to study their organization and functioning; Application of
principles of comparative advantage of international trade.

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4. Farm Management, Production and Resource Economics 2(1+1)

Theory
Meaning and concept of farm management, objectives and relationship with other sciences.
Meaning and definition of farms, its types and characteristics, factor determining types and size
of farms. Principles of farm management: concept of production function and its type, use of
production function in decision-making on a farm, factor-product, factor-factor and product-
product relationship, law of equi-marginal/or principles of opportunity cost and law of comparative
advantage. Meaning and concept of cost, types of costs and their interrelationship, importance of
cost in managing farm business and estimation of gross farm income, net farm income, family
labour income and farm business income. Farm business analysis: meaning and concept of
farm income and profitability, technical and economic efficiency measures in crop and livestock
enterprises. Importance of farm records and accounts in managing a farm, various types of farm
records needed to maintain on farm, farm inventory, balance sheet, profit and loss accounts.
Meaning and importance of farm planning and budgeting, partial and complete budgeting, steps
in farm planning and budgeting-linear programming, appraisal of farm resources, selection of
crops and livestock’s enterprises. Concept of risk and uncertainty occurs in agriculture production,
nature and sources of risks and its management strategies, Crop/livestock/machinery insurance
– weather based crop insurance, features, determinants of compensation. Concepts of resource
economics, differences between NRE and agricultural economics, unique properties of natural
resources. Positive and negative externalities in agriculture, Inefficiency and welfare loss, solutions,
Important issues in economics and management of common property resources of land, water,
pasture and forest resources etc.

Practical
Preparation of farm layout. Determination of cost of fencing of a farm. Computation of
depreciation cost of farm assets. Application of equi-marginal returns/opportunity cost principle
in allocation of farm resources. Determination of most profitable level of inputs use in a farm
production process. Determination of least cost combination of inputs. Selection of most profitable
enterprise combination. Application of cost principles including CACP concepts in the estimation
of cost of crop and livestock enterprises. Preparation of farm plan and budget, farm records and
accounts and profit & loss accounts. Collection and analysis of data on various resources in India.

VI. AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

1. Introductory Soil and Water Conservation Engineering 2(1+1)
Theory
Introduction to Soil and Water Conservation, causes of soil erosion. Definition and agents
of soil erosion, water erosion: Forms of water erosion. Gully classification and control measures.
Soil loss estimation by universal Loss Soil Equation. Soil loss measurement techniques. Principles
of erosion control: Introduction to contouring, strip cropping. Contour bund. Graded bund and
bench terracing. Grassed water ways and their design. Water harvesting and its techniques. Wind

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erosion: mechanics of wind erosion, types of soil movement. Principles of wind erosion control
and its control measures.

Practical
General status of soil conservation in India. Calculation of erosion index. Estimation of soil
loss. Measurement of soil loss. Preparation of contour maps. Design of grassed water ways. Design
of contour bunds. Design of graded bunds. Design of bench terracing system. Problem on wind
erosion.

Farm Machinery and Power 2(1+1)

Theory
Status of Farm Power in India, Sources of Farm Power , I.C. engines, working principles of I C
engines, comparison of two stroke and four stroke cycle engines , Study of different components of
I.C. engine, I.C. engine terminology and solved problems, Familiarization with different systems
of I.C. engines: Air cleaning, cooling, lubrication ,fuel supply and hydraulic control system of
a tractor, Familiarization with Power transmission system : clutch, gear box, differential and
final drive of a tractor , Tractor types, Cost analysis of tractor power and attached implement,
Familiarization with Primary and Secondary Tillage implement, Implement for hill agriculture,
implement for intercultural operations, Familiarization with sowing and planting equipment,
calibration of a seed drill and solved examples, Familiarization with Plant Protection equipment,
Familiarization with harvesting and threshing equipment.

Practicals
Study of different components of I.C. engine. To study air cleaning and cooling system of engine,
Familiarization with clutch, transmission, differential and final drive of a tractor, Familiarization
with lubrication and fuel supply system of engine, Familiarization with brake, steering, hydraulic
control system of engine, Learning of tractor driving, Familiarization with operation of power tiller,
Implements for hill agriculture, Familiarization with different types of primary and secondary
tillage implements: mould plough, disc plough and disc harrow . Familiarization with seed-
cum-fertilizer drills their seed metering mechanism and calibration, planters and transplanter
Familiarization with different types of sprayers and dusters Familiarization with different inter-
cultivation equipment, Familiarization with harvesting and threshing machinery.

3. Renewable Energy and Green Technology 2(1+1)

Theory
Classification of energy sources, contribution of these of sources in agricultural sector,
Familiarization with biomass utilization for biofuel production and their application,
Familiarization with types of biogas plants and gasifiers, biogas, bioalcohol, biodiesel and biooil
production and their utilization as bioenergy resource, introduction of solar energy, collection
and their application, Familiarization with solar energy gadgets: solar cooker, solar water heater,
application of solar energy: solar drying, solar pond, solar distillation, solar photovoltaic system
and their application, introduction of wind energy and their application.

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Practical
Familiarization with renewable energy gadgets. To study biogas plants, To study gasifier, To
study the production process of biodiesel, To study briquetting machine, To study the production
process of bio-fuels. Familiarization with different solar energy gadgets. To study solar photovoltaic
system: solar light, solar pumping, solar fencing. To study solar cooker, To study solar drying
system. To study solar distillation and solar pond.

4. Protected Cultivation and Secondary Agriculture 2(1+1)

Theory
Green house technology: Introduction, Types of Green Houses; Plant response to Green house
environment, Planning and design of greenhouses, Design criteria of green house for cooling and
heating purposes. Green house equipments, materials of construction for traditional and low cost
green houses. Irrigation systems used in greenhouses, typical applications, passive solar green
house, hot air green house heating systems, green house drying. Cost estimation and economic
analysis.
Important Engineering properties such as physical, thermal and aero & hydrodynamic
properties of cereals, pulses and oilseed, their application in PHT equipment design and
operation. Drying and dehydration; moisture measurement, EMC, drying theory, various drying
method, commercial grain dryer (deep bed dryer, flat bed dryer, tray dryer, fluidized bed dryer,
recirculatory dryer and solar dryer). Material handling equipment; conveyer and elevators, their
principle, working and selection.

Practical
Study of different type of green houses based on shape. Determine the rate of air exchange in
an active summer winter cooling system. Determination of drying rate of agricultural products
inside green house. Study of green house equipments. Visit to various Post Harvest Laboratories.
Determination of Moisture content of various grains by oven drying & infrared moisture
methods. Determination of engineering properties (shape and size, bulk density and porosity of
biomaterials). Determination of Moisture content of various grains by moisture meter. Field visit
to seed processing plant.

VII. PLANT PATHOLOGY

1. Fundamentals of Plant Pathology 4(3+1)
Theory
Introduction: Importance of plant diseases, scope and objectives of Plant Pathology. History
of Plant Pathology with special reference to Indian work. Terms and concepts in Plant Pathology.
Pathogenesis. Causes / factors affecting disease development: disease triangle and tetrahedron and
classification of plant diseases. Important plant pathogenic organisms, different groups: fungi,
bacteria, fastidious vesicular bacteria, phytoplasmas, spiroplasmas, viruses, viroids, algae,
protozoa, phanerogamic parasites and nematodes with examples of diseases caused by them.
Diseases and symptoms due to abiotic causes.

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Fungi: general characters, definition of fungus, somatic structures, types of fungal thalli,
fungal tissues, modifications of thallus, reproduction (asexual and sexual). Nomenclature,
Binomial system of nomenclature, rules of nomenclature, classification of fungi. Key to divisions,
sub-divisions, orders and classes.
Bacteria and mollicutes: general morphological characters. Basic methods of classification and
reproduction.
Viruses: nature, structure, replication and transmission. Study of phanerogamic plant
parasites.
Nematodes: General morphology and reproduction, classification, symptoms and nature of
damage caused by plant nematodes (Heterodera, Meloidogyne, Anguina, Radopholus etc.)
Growth and reproduction of plant pathogens. Liberation / dispersal and survival of plant
pathogens. Types of parasitism and variability in plant pathogens. Pathogenesis. Role of enzymes,
toxins and growth regulators in disease development. Defense mechanism in plants. Epidemiology:
Factors affecting disease development. Principles and methods of plant disease management. Nature,
chemical combination, classification, mode of action and formulations of fungicides and antibiotics.

Practical
Acquaintance with various laboratory equipments and microscopy. Collection and preservation
of disease specimen. Preparation of media, isolation and Koch’s postulates. General study of
different structures of fungi. Study of symptoms of various plant diseases. Study of representative
fungal genera. Staining and identification of plant pathogenic bacteria. Transmission of plant
viruses. Study of phanerogamic plant parasites.
Study of morphological features and identification of plant parasitic nematodes. Sampling
and extraction of nematodes from soil and plant material, preparation of nematode mounting.
Study of fungicides and their formulations. Methods of pesticide application and their safe
use. Calculation of fungicide sprays concentrations.

2. Diseases of Field & Horticultural Crops & their Management-I 3(2+1)

Theory
Symptoms, etiology, disease cycle and management of major diseases of following crops:
Field Crops: Rice: blast, brown spot, bacterial blight, sheath blight, false smut, khaira and
tungro;Maize: stalk rots, downy mildew, leaf spots; Sorghum: smuts, grain mold and anthracnose,
Bajra :downy mildew and ergot; Groundnut: early and late leaf spots, wilt
Soybean: Rhizoctonia blight, bacterial spot, seed and seedling rot and mosaic; Pigeonpea:
Phytophthora blight, wilt and sterility mosaic; Finger millet: Blast and leaf spot; black & green
gram: Cercospora leaf spot and anthracnose, web blight and yellow mosaic; Castor: Phytophthora
blight;Tobacco: black shank, black root rot and mosaic. Horticultural Crops: Guava: wilt and
anthracnose; Banana: Panama wilt, bacterial wilt, Sigatoka and bunchy top;Papaya: foot rot, leaf
curl and mosaic, Pomegranate: bacterial blight; Cruciferous vegetables: Alternaria leaf spot and

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black rot; Brinjal: Phomopsis blight and fruit rot and Sclerotinia blight; Tomato: damping off,
wilt, early and late blight, buck eye rot and leaf curl and mosaic; Okra: Yellow Vein Mosaic; Beans:
anthracnose and bacterial blight; Ginger: soft rot; Colocasia: Phytophthora blight; Coconut: wilt
and bud rot; Tea: blister blight; Coffee: rust

Practical
Identification and histopathological studies of selected diseases of field and horticultural
crops covered in theory. Field visit for the diagnosis of field problems. Collection and preservation
of plant diseased specimens for Herbarium; Note: Students should submit 50 pressed and well-
mounted specimens.

3. Diseases of Field & Horticultural Crops & their Management-II 3(2+1)

Theory
Symptoms, etiology, disease cycle and management of following diseases:
Field Crops:
Wheat: rusts, loose smut, karnal bunt, powdery mildew, alternaria blight, and ear cockle;
Sugarcane: red rot, smut, wilt, grassy shoot, ratoon stunting and Pokkah Boeng;
Sunflower: Sclerotinia stem rot and Alternaria blight; Mustard: Alternaria blight, white rust,
downy mildew and Sclerotinia stem rot; Gram: wilt, grey mould and Ascochyta blight; Lentil: rust
and wilt; Cotton: anthracnose, vascular wilt, and black arm; Pea: downy mildew, powdery mildew
and rust.
Horticultural Crops:
Mango: anthracnose, malformation, bacterial blight and powdery mildew; Citrus: canker and
gummosis; Grape vine: downy mildew, Powdery mildew and anthracnose; Apple: scab, powdery
mildew, fire blight and crown gall; Peach: leaf curl.
Strawberry: leaf spot Potato: early and late blight, black scurf, leaf roll, and mosaic;
Cucurbits: downy mildew, powdery mildew, wilt; Onion and garlic: purple blotch, and
Stemphylium blight; Chillies: anthracnose and fruit rot, wilt and leaf curl; Turmeric: leaf spot
Coriander: stem gall Marigold: Botrytis blight; Rose: dieback, powdery mildew and black leaf
spot.

Practical
Identification and histopathological studies of selected diseases of field and horticultural
crops covered in theory. Field visit for the diagnosis of field problems. Collection and preservation
of plant diseased specimens for herbarium.
Note: Students should submit 50 pressed and well-mounted specimens.

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4. Principles of Integrated Pest and Disease Management 3(2+1)

Theory
Categories of insect pests and diseases, IPM: Introduction, history, importance, concepts,
principles and tools of IPM. Economic importance of insect pests, diseases and pest risk analysis.
Methods of detection and diagnosis of insect pest and diseases. Calculation and dynamics of
economic injury level and importance of Economic threshold level. Methods of control: Host plant
resistance, cultural, mechanical, physical, legislative, biological and chemical control. Ecological
management of crop environment. Introduction to conventional pesticides for the insect pests and
disease management. Survey surveillance and forecasting of Insect pest and diseases. Development
and validation of IPM module. Implementation and impact of IPM (IPM module for Insect pest
and disease. Safety issues in pesticide uses. Political, social and legal implication of IPM. Case
histories of important IPM programmes. Case histories of important IPM programmes.

Practical
Methods of diagnosis and detection of various insect pests, and plant diseases, Methods of
insect pests and plant disease measurement, Assessment of crop yield losses, calculations based
on economics of IPM,Identification of biocontrol agents, different predators and natural enemies.
Mass multiplication of Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, Trichogramma, NPV etc. Identification and
nature of damage of important insect pests and diseases and their management. Crop (agro-
ecosystem) dynamics of a selected insect pest and diseases. Plan & assess preventive strategies
(IPM module) and decision making. crop monitoring attacked by insect, pest and diseases .
Awareness campaign at farmers fields.

VIII. HORTICULTURE
1. Fundamentals of Horticulture (NEW) 2(1+1)
Theory
Horticulture - Its definition and branches, importance and scope; horticultural and botanical
classification; climate and soil for horticultural crops; Plant propagation-methods and propagating
structures; Seed dormancy, Seed germination, principles of orchard establishment; Principles
and methods of training and pruning, juvenility and flower bud differentiation; unfruitfulness;
pollination, pollinizers and pollinators; fertilization and parthenocarpy; medicinal and aromatic
plants; importance of plant bio-regulators in horticulture. Irrigation – methods, Fertilizer
application in horticultural crops.

Practical
Identification of garden tools. Identification of horticultural crops. Preparation of seed bed/
nursery bed. Practice of sexual and asexual methods of propagation including micro-propagation.
Layout and planting of orchard. Training and pruning of fruit trees. Preparation of potting mixture.
Fertilizer application in different crops. Visits to commercial nurseries/orchard.

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2. Production Technology for Fruit and Plantation Crops 2(1+1)

Theory
Importance and scope of fruit and plantation crop industry in India; Importance of rootstocks;
Production technologies for the cultivation of major fruits-mango, banana, citrus, grape, guava,
litchi, papaya, sapota, apple, pear, peach, walnut, almond and; minor fruits- date, ber, pineapple,
pomegranate, jackfruit, strawberry, plantation crops-coconut, arecanut, cashew, tea, coffee &
rubber.

Practical
Seed propagation. Scarification and stratification of seeds. Propagation methods for fruit and
plantation crops. Description and identification of fruit. Preparation of plant bio regulators and
their uses, Important pests, diseases and physiological disorders of above fruit and plantation
crops, Visit to commercial orchards.

3. Production Technology for Vegetable and Spices 2 (1+1)

Theory
Importance of vegetables & spices in human nutrition and national economy, kitchen
gardening, brief about origin, area, climate, soil, improved varieties and cultivation practices such
as time of sowing, transplanting techniques, planting distance, fertilizer requirements, irrigation,
weed management, harvesting and yield, physiological disorders, of important vegetable and
spices (Tomato, Brinjal, Chilli, Capsicum, Cucumber, Melons, Gourds, Pumpkin, French bean,
Peas; Cole crops such as Cabbage, Cauliflower, Knol-khol; Bulb crops such as Onion, Garlic; Root
crops such as Carrot, Raddish, Beetroot; Tuber crops such as Potato; Leafy vegetables such as
Amaranth, Palak. Perennial vegetables).

Practical
Identification of vegetables & spice crops and their seeds. Nursery raising. Direct seed sowing
and transplanting. Study of morphological characters of different vegetables & spices. Fertilizers
applications. Harvesting & preparation for market. Economics of vegetables and spices cultivation.

4. Production Technology for Ornamental Crops, MAPs and Landscaping 2 (1+1)

[

Theory
Importance and scope of ornamental crops, medicinal and aromatic plants and landscaping.
Principles of landscaping. Landscape uses of trees, shrubs and climbers. Production technology of
important cut flowers like rose, gerbera, carnation, lilium and orchids under protected conditions
and gladiolus, tuberose, chrysanthemum under open conditions. Package of practices for loose
flowers like marigold and jasmine under open conditions. Production technology of important
medicinal plants like ashwagandha, asparagus, aloe, costus, Cinnamomum, periwinkle, isabgol
and aromatic plants like mint, lemongrass, citronella, palmarosa, ocimum, rose, geranium, vetiver.
Processing and value addition in ornamental crops and MAPs produce.

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Practical
Identification of Ornamental plants. Identification of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Nursery
bed preparation and seed sowing. Training and pruning of Ornamental plants. Planning and layout
of garden. Bed preparation and planting of MAP. Protected structures – care and maintenance.
Intercultural operations in flowers and MAP. Harvesting and post harvest handling of cut and
loose flowers. Processing of MAP. Visit to commercial flower/MAP unit.

5. Post-harvest Management and Value Addition of Fruits and Vegetables 2(1+1)

Theory
Importance of post-harvest processing of fruits and vegetables, extent and possible causes
of post harvest losses; Pre-harvest factors affecting postharvest quality, maturity, ripening and
changes occurring during ripening; Respiration and factors affecting respiration rate; Harvesting
and field handling; Storage (ZECC, cold storage, CA, MA, and hypobaric); Value addition concept;
Principles and methods of preservation; Intermediate moisture food- Jam, jelly, marmalade,
preserve, candy – Concepts and Standards; Fermented and non-fermented beverages. Tomato
products- Concepts and Standards; Drying/ Dehydration of fruits and vegetables – Concept and
methods, osmotic drying. Canning -– Concepts and Standards, packaging of products.

Practical
Applications of different types of packaging, containers for shelf life extension. Effect of
temperature on shelf life and quality of produce. Demonstration of chilling and freezing injury in
vegetables and fruits. Extraction and preservation of pulps and juices. Preparation of jam, jelly,
RTS, nectar, squash, osmotically dried products, fruit bar and candy and tomato products, canned
products. Quality evaluation of products -- physico-chemical and sensory. Visit to processing
unit/ industry.

IX. FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

1. Principles of Food Science and Nutrition 2(2+0)
Theory
Concepts of Food Science (definitions, measurements, density, phase change, pH, osmosis,
surface tension, colloidal systems etc.); Food composition and chemistry (water, carbohydrates,
proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, flavours, colours, miscellaneous bioactives, important reactions);
Food microbiology (bacteria, yeast, moulds, spoilage of fresh & processed foods, Production of
fermented foods); Principles and methods of food processing and preservation (use of heat, low
temperature, chemicals, radiation, drying etc.); Food and nutrition, Malnutrition (over and under
nutrition), nutritional disorders; Energy metabolism (carbohydrate, fat, proteins); Balanced/
modified diets, Menu planning, New trends in food science and nutrition.

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X. AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION and COMMUNICATION

1. Fundamentals of Agricultural Extension Education 3(2+1)
Theory
Education: Meaning, definition & Types; Extension Education- meaning, definition, scope
and process; objectives and principles of Extension Education; Extension Programme planning-
Meaning, Process, Principles and Steps in Programme Development. Extension systems in
India: extension efforts in pre-independence era (Sriniketan, Marthandam, Firka Development
Scheme, Gurgaon Experiment, etc.) and post-independence era (Etawah Pilot Project, Nilokheri
Experiment, etc.); various extension/ agriculture development programmes launched by ICAR/
Govt. of India (IADP, IAAP, HYVP, KVK, IVLP, ORP, ND,NATP, NAIP, etc.). New trends in
agriculture extension: privatization extension, cyber extension/ e-extension, market-led extension,
farmer-led extension, expert systems, etc.
Rural Development: concept, meaning, definition; various rural development programmes
launched by Govt. of India. Community Dev.-meaning, definition, concept & principles,
Philosophy of C.D. Rural Leadership: concept and definition, types of leaders in rural context;
extension administration: meaning and concept, principles and functions. Monitoring and
evaluation: concept and definition, monitoring and evaluation of extension programmes; transfer
of technology: concept and models, capacity building of extension personnel; extension teaching
methods: meaning, classification, individual, group and mass contact methods, ICT Applications
in TOT (New and Social Media), media mix strategies; communication: meaning and definition;
Principles and Functions of Communication, models and barriers to communication. Agriculture
journalism; diffusion and adoption of innovation: concept and meaning, process and stages of
adoption, adopter categories.

Practical
To get acquainted with university extension system. Group discussion- exercise; handling
and use of audio visual equipments and digital camera and LCD projector; preparation and use of
AV aids, preparation of extension literature – leaflet, booklet, folder, pamphlet news stories and
success stories; Presentation skills exercise; micro teaching exercise; A visit to village to understand
the problems being encountered by the villagers/ farmers; to study organization and functioning
of DRDA and other development departments at district level; visit to NGO and learning from
their experience in rural development; understanding PRA techniques and their application in
village development planning; exposure to mass media: visit to community radio and television
studio for understanding the process of programme production; script writing, writing for print
and electronic media, developing script for radio and television.

2. Rural Sociology & Educational Psychology 2(2+0)

Theory
Sociology and Rural sociology: Definition and scope, its significance in agriculture extension,
Social Ecology, Rural society, Social Groups, Social Stratification, Culture concept, Social
Institution, Social Change & Development. Educational psychology: Meaning & its importance in

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agriculture extension. Behavior: Cognitive, affective, psychomotor domain, Personality, Learning,

Motivation, Theories of Motivation, Intelligence.

3. Entrepreneurship Development and Business Communication 2 (1+1)

Theory
Concept of Entrepreneur, Entrepreneurship Development, Characteristics of entrepreneurs;
SWOT Analysis & achievement motivation, Government policy and programs and institutions for
entrepreneurship development, Impact of economic reforms on Agribusiness/ Agrienterprises,
Entrepreneurial Development Process; Business Leadership Skills; Developing organizational
skill (controlling, supervising, problem solving, monitoring & evaluation), Developing
Managerial skills, Business Leadership Skills (Communication, direction and motivation
Skills), Problem solving skill, Supply chain management and Total quality management, Project
Planning Formulation and report preparation; Financing of enterprise, Opportunities for agri-
entrepreneurship and rural enterprise.

Practical
Assessing entrepreneurial traits, problem solving skills, managerial skills and achievement
motivation, exercise in creativity, time audit through planning, monitoring and supervision,
identification and selection of business idea, preparation of business plan and proposal writing,
visit to entrepreneurship development institute and entrepreneurs.

4. Communication Skills and Personality Development 2 (1+1)

Theory
Communication Skills: Structural and functional grammar; meaning and process of
communication, verbal and nonverbal communication; listening and note taking, writing skills,
oral presentation skills; field diary and lab record; indexing, footnote and bibliographic procedures.
Reading and comprehension of general and technical articles, precise writing, summarizing,
abstracting; individual and group presentations, impromptu presentation, public speaking; Group
discussion. Organizing seminars and conferences.

Practical
Listening and note taking, writing skills, oral presentation skills; field diary and lab record;
indexing, footnote and bibliographic procedures. Reading and comprehension of general and
technical articles, precise writing, summarizing, abstracting; individual and group presentations.

XI. BIOCHEMISTRY/ PHYSIOLOGY/ MICROBIOLOGY/ ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

1. Fundamentals of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 3(2+1)
Theory
Importance of Biochemistry. Properties of Water, pH and Buffer. Carbohydrate: Importance
and classification. Structures of Monosaccharides, Reducing and oxidizing properties of
Monosaccharides, Mutarotation; Structure of Disaccharides and Poly saccharides. Lipid:

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Importance and classification; Structures and properties of fatty acids; storage lipids and membrane
lipids. Proteins: Importance of proteins and classification; Structures, titration and zwitterions
nature of amino acids; Structural organization of proteins. Enzymes: General properties;
Classification; Mechanism of action; Michaelis & Menten and Line Weaver Burk equation &
plots; Introduction to allosteric enzymes. Nucleic acids: Importance and classification; Structure
of Nucleotides, A, B & Z DNA; RNA: Types and Secondary & Tertiary structure. Metabolism of
carbohydrates: Glycolysis, TCA cycle, Glyoxylate cycle, Electron transport chain. Metabolism of
lipids: Beta oxidation, Biosynthesis of fatty acids.
Concepts and applications of plant biotechnology: Scope, organ culture, embryo culture,
cell suspension culture, callus culture, anther culture, pollen culture and ovule culture and
their applications; Micro-propagation methods; organogenesis and embryogenesis, Synthetic
seeds and their significance; Embryo rescue and its significance; somatic hybridization and
cybrids; Somaclonal variation and its use in crop improvement; cryo-preservation; Introduction
to recombinant DNA methods: physical (Gene gun method), chemical (PEG mediated) and
Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer methods; Transgenics and its importance in crop
improvement; PCR techniques and its applications; RFLP, RAPD, SSR; Marker Assisted Breeding
in crop improvement; Biotechnology regulations.

Practical
Preparation of solution, pH & buffers, Qualitative tests of carbohydrates and amino acids.
Quantitative estimation of glucose/ proteins. Titration methods for estimation of amino
acids/lipids, Effect of pH, temperature and substrate concentration on enzyme action, Paper
chromatography/ TLC demonstration for separation of amino acids/ Monosaccharides.
Sterilization techniques. Composition of various tissue culture media and preparation of stock
solutions for MS nutrient medium. Callus induction from various explants. Micro-propagation,
hardening and acclimatization. Demonstration on isolation of DNA. Demonstration of gel
electrophoresis techniques and DNA finger printing.

2. Fundamentals of Crop Physiology 2(1+1)

Theory
Introduction to crop physiology and its importance in Agriculture; Plant cell: an Overview;
Diffusion and osmosis; Absorption of water, transpiration and Stomatal Physiology; Mineral
nutrition of Plants: Functions and deficiency symptoms of nutrients, nutrient uptake mechanisms;
Photosynthesis: Light and Dark reactions, C3, C4 and CAM plants; Respiration: Glycolysis, TCA
cycle and electron transport chain; Fat Metabolism: Fatty acid synthesis and Breakdown; Plant
growth regulators: Physiological roles and agricultural uses, Physiological aspects of growth and
development of major crops: Growth analysis, Role of Physiological growth parameters in crop
productivity.

Practical
Study of plant cells, structure and distribution of stomata, imbibitions, osmosis, plasmolysis,
measurement of root pressure, rate of transpiration, Separation of photosynthetic pigments
through paper chromatography, Rate of transpiration, photosynthesis, respiration, tissue test

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for mineral nutrients, estimation of relative water content, Measurement of photosynthetic CO2
assimilation by Infra Red Gas Analyser (IRGA).

3. Agricultural Microbiology 2(1+1)

Theory
Introduction. Microbial world: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes. Bacteria: cell structure,
chemoautotrophy, photo autotrophy, growth. Bacterial genetics: Genetic recombination-
transformation, conjugation and transduction, plasmids, transposon.
Role of microbes in soil fertility and crop production: Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and
Sulphur cycles. Biological nitrogen fixation- symbiotic, associative and asymbiotic. Azolla, blue
green algae and mycorrhiza. Rhizosphere and phyllosphere. Microbes in human welfare: silage
production, biofertilizers, biopesticides, biofuel production and biodegradation of agro-waste.

Practical
Introduction to microbiology laboratory and its equipments; Microscope- parts, principles
of microscopy, resolving power and numerical aperture. Methods of sterilization. Nutritional
media and their preparations. Enumeration of microbial population in soil- bacteria, fungi,
actinomycetes. Methods of isolation and purification of microbial cultures. Isolation of Rhizobium
from legume root nodule. Isolation of Azotobacter from soil. Isolation of Azospirillum from roots.
Isolation of BGA. Staining and microscopic examination of microbes.

4. Environmental Studies and Disaster Management 3 (2+1)

Theory
Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies Definition, scope and importance.
Natural Resources: Renewable and non-renewable resources, Natural resources and associated
problems. a) Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies. Timber
extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forest and tribal people. b) Water resources: Use and
over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams-benefits
and problems. c) Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and
using mineral resources, case studies. d) Food resources: World food problems, changes caused
by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water
logging, salinity, case studies. e) Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non-
renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources. Case studies. f) Land resources: Land
as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification. • Role
of an individual in conservation of natural resources. • Equitable use of resources for sustainable
lifestyles.
Ecosystems: Concept of an ecosystem, Structure and function of an ecosystem, Producers,
consumers and decomposers, Energy flow in the ecosystem. Ecological succession, Food chains,
food webs and ecological pyramids. Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and
function of the following ecosystem: a. Forest ecosystem b. Grassland ecosystem c. Desert
ecosystem d. Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)

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Biodiversity and its conservation: - Introduction, definition, genetic, species & ecosystem
diversity and biogeographical classification of India. Value of biodiversity: consumptive use,
productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values. Biodiversity at global, National and
local levels, India as a mega-diversity nation. Hot-sports of biodiversity. Threats to biodiversity:
habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts. Endangered and endemic species of
India. Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.
Environmental Pollution: definition, cause, effects and control measures of: a. Air pollution
b. Water pollution c. Soil pollution d. Marine pollution e. Noise pollution f. Thermal pollution
g. Nuclear hazards. Solid Waste Management: causes, effects and control measures of urban and
industrial wastes. Role of an individual in prevention of pollution.
Social Issues and the Environment: From Unsustainable to Sustainable development, Urban
problems related to energy, Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management.
Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions, climate change, global warming, acid rain,
ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. dies. Wasteland reclamation. Consumerism
and waste products. Environment Protection Act. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act.
Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act. Wildlife Protection Act. Forest Conservation
Act. Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation. Public awareness.
Human Population and the Environment: population growth, variation among nations,
population explosion, Family Welfare Programme. Environment and human health: Human
Rights, Value Education, HIV/AIDS. Women and Child Welfare. Role of Information Technology
in Environment and human health.

Disaster Management
Natural Disasters- Meaning and nature of natural disasters, their types and effects. Floods,
drought, cyclone, earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, volcanic eruptions, Heat and cold waves,
Climatic change: global warming, Sea level rise, ozone depletion.
Man Made Disasters- Nuclear disasters, chemical disasters, biological disasters, building fire,
coal fire, forest fire, oil fire, air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, industrial waste water
pollution, road accidents, rail accidents, air accidents, sea accidents.
Disaster Management- Effect to migrate natural disaster at national and global levels.
International strategy for disaster reduction. Concept of disaster management, national disaster
management framework; financial arrangements; role of NGOs, community –based organizations
and media. Central, state, district and local administration; Armed forces in disaster response;
Disaster response; Police and other organizations.

Practical
Pollution case studies. Case Studies- Field work: Visit to a local area to document environmental
assets river/ forest/ grassland/ hill/ mountain, visit to a local polluted site-Urban/Rural/Industrial/
Agricultural, study of common plants, insects, birds and study of simple ecosystems-pond, river,
hill slopes, etc.

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5. Introduction to Forestry (New) 2(1+1)

Theory
Introduction – definitions of basic terms related to forestry, objectives of silviculture, forest
classification, salient features of Indian Forest Policies. Forest regeneration, Natural regeneration -
natural regeneration from seed and vegetative parts, coppicing, pollarding, root suckers; Artificial
regeneration – objectives, choice between natural and artificial regeneration, essential preliminary
considerations. Crown classification. Tending operations – weeding, cleaning, thinning –
mechanical, ordinary, crown and advance thinning. Forest mensuration – objectives, diameter
measurement, instruments used in diameter measurement; Non instrumental methods of height
measurement - shadow and single pole method; Instrumental methods of height measurement
- geometric and trigonometric principles, instruments used in height measurement; tree stem
form, form factor, form quotient, measurement of volume of felled and standing trees, age
determination of trees. Agroforestry – definitions, importance, criteria of selection of trees in
agroforestry, different agroforestry systems prevalent in the country, shifting cultivation, taungya,
alley cropping, wind breaks and shelter belts, home gardens. Cultivation practices of two important
fast growing tree species of the region.

Practical
Identification of tree-species. Diameter measurements using calipers and tape, diameter
measurements of forked, buttressed, fluted and leaning trees. Height measurement of standing
trees by shadow method, single pole method and hypsometer. Volume measurement of logs
using various formulae. Nursery lay out, seed sowing, vegetative propagation techniques. Forest
plantations and their management. Visits of nearby forest based industries.

XII. STATISTICS, COMPUTER APPLICATION AND IPR

1. Statistical Methods 2(1+1)
Theory
Introduction to Statistics and its Applications in Agriculture, Graphical Representation
of Data, Measures of Central Tendency & Dispersion, Definition of Probability, Addition and
Multiplication Theorem (without proof). Simple Problems Based on Probability. Binomial &
Poisson Distributions, Definition of Correlation, Scatter Diagram. Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of
Correlation. Linear Regression Equations. Introduction to Test of Significance, One sample &
two sample test t for Means, Chi-Square Test of Independence of Attributes in 2 ×2 Contingency
Table. Introduction to Analysis of Variance, Analysis of One Way Classification. Introduction to
Sampling Methods, Sampling versus Complete Enumeration, Simple Random Sampling with and
without replacement, Use of Random Number Tables for selection of Simple Random Sample.

Practical
Graphical Representation of Data. Measures of Central Tendency (Ungrouped data) with
Calculation of Quartiles, Deciles & Percentiles. Measures of Central Tendency (Grouped data)
with Calculation of Quartiles, Deciles & Percentiles. Measures of Dispersion (Ungrouped Data).

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Measures of Dispersion (Grouped Data). Moments, Measures of Skewness & Kurtosis (Ungrouped
Data). Moments, Measures of Skewness & Kurtosis (Grouped Data). Correlation & Regression
Analysis. Application of One Sample t-test. Application of Two Sample Fisher’s t-test. Chi-Square
test of Goodness of Fit. Chi-Square test of Independence of Attributes for 2 ×2 contingency
table. Analysis of Variance One Way Classification. Analysis of Variance Two Way Classification.
Selection of random sample using Simple Random Sampling.

2. Agri-Informatics 2(1+1)
Theory
Introduction to Computers, Operating Systems, definition and types, Applications of MS-
Office for document creation & Editing, Data presentation, interpretation and graph creation,
statistical analysis, mathematical expressions, Database, concepts and types, uses of DBMS in
Agriculture, World Wide Web (WWW): Concepts and components. Introduction to computer
programming languages, concepts and standard input/output operations.
e-Agriculture, concepts and applications, Use of ICT in Agriculture. Computer Models for
understanding plant processes. IT application for computation of water and nutrient requirement
of crops, Computer-controlled devices (automated systems) for Agri-input management,
Smartphone Apps in Agriculture for farm advises, market price, postharvest management etc;
Geospatial technology for generating valuable agri-information. Decision support systems,
concepts, components and applications in Agriculture, Agriculture Expert System, Soil
Information Systems etc for supporting Farm decisions. Preparation of contingent crop-planning
using IT tools.

Practical
Study of Computer Components, accessories, practice of important DOS Commands.
Introduction of different operating systems such as windows, Unix/ Linux, Creating, Files &
Folders, File Management. Use of MS-WORD and MS Power-point for creating, editing and
presenting a scientific Document. MS-EXCEL - Creating a spreadsheet, use of statistical tools,
writing expressions, creating graphs, analysis of scientific data. MS-ACCESS: Creating Database,
preparing queries and reports, demonstration of Agri-information system. Introduction to
World Wide Web (WWW). Introduction of programming languages. Hands on Crop Simulation
Models (CSM) such as DSSAT/Crop-Info/CropSyst/ Wofost; Computation of water and nutrient
requirements of crop using CSM and IT tools. Introduction of Geospatial Technology for
generating valuable information for Agriculture. Hands on Decision Support System. Preparation
of contingent crop planning.

XIII. Intellectual Property Rights 1(1+0)

Theory
Introduction and meaning of intellectual property, brief introduction to GATT, WTO, TRIPs
and WIPO, Treaties for IPR protection: Madrid protocol, Berne Convention, Budapest treaty, etc.
Types of Intellectual Property and legislations covering IPR in India:-Patents, Copyrights,

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Trademark, Industrial design, Geographical indications, Integrated circuits, Trade secrets.

Patents Act 1970 and Patent system in India, patentability, process and product patent, filing
of patent, patent specification, patent claims, Patent opposition and revocation, infringement,
Compulsory licensing, Patent Cooperation Treaty, Patent search and patent database.
Origin and history including a brief introduction to UPOV for protection of plant varieties,
Protection of plant varieties under UPOV and PPV&FR Act of India, Plant breeders rights,
Registration of plant varieties under PPV&FR Act 2001, breeders, researcher and farmers rights.
Traditional knowledge-meaning and rights of TK holders.
Convention on Biological Diversity, International treaty on plant genetic resources for food
and agriculture (ITPGRFA). Indian Biological Diversity Act, 2002 and its salient features, access
and benefit sharing.

XIV. ANIMAL PRODUCTION

1. Livestock & Poultry Management 4 (3+1)
Theory
Role of livestock in the national economy. Reproduction in farm animals and poultry. Housing
principles, space requirements for different species of livestock and poultry. Management of calves,
growing heifers and milch animals. Management of sheep, goat and swine. Incubation, hatching
and brooding. Management of growers and layers.
Important Indian and exotic breeds of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, swine and poultry.
Improvement of farm animals and poultry.
Digestion in livestock and poultry. Classification of feedstuffs. Proximate principles of
feed. Nutrients and their functions. Feed ingredients for ration for livestock and poultry. Feed
supplements and feed additives. Feeding of livestock and poultry.
Introduction of livestock and poultry diseases. Prevention (including vaccination schedule)
and control of important diseases of livestock and poultry.

Practical
External body parts of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, swine and poultry. Handling and restraining
of livestock. Identification methods of farm animals and poultry. Visit to IDF and IPF to study
breeds of livestock and poultry and daily routine farm operations and farm records. Judging of
cattle, buffalo and poultry. Culling of livestock and poultry. Planning and layout of housing for
different types of livestock. Computation of rations for livestock. Formulation of concentrate
mixtures. Clean milk production, milking methods. Hatchery operations, incubation and hatching
equipments. Management of chicks, growers and layers. Debeaking, dusting and vaccination.
Economics of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, swine and poultry production.

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XV. LANGUAGE
1. Comprehension and Communication Skills in English 2(1+1)
Theory
War Minus Shooting- The sporting Spirit. A Dilemma- A layman looks at science Raymond
B. Fosdick. You and Your English – Spoken English and broken English G.B. Shaw. Reading
Comprehension, Vocabulary- Antonym, Synonym, Homophones, Homonyms, often confused
words. Exercises to Help the students in the enrichment of vocabulary based on TOEFL and
other competitive examinations. Functional grammar: Articles, Prepositions, Verb, Subject
verb Agreement, Transformation, Synthesis, Direct and Indirect Narration. Written Skills:
Paragraph writing, Precise writing, Report writing and Proposal writing. The Style: Importance
of professional writing. Preparation of Curriculum Vitae and Job applications. Synopsis Writing.
Interviews: kinds, Importance and process.

Practical
Listening Comprehension: Listening to short talks lectures, speeches (scientific, commercial
and general in nature). Oral Communication: Phonetics, stress and intonation, Conversation
practice. Conversation: rate of speech, clarity of voice, speaking and Listening, politeness
&Reading skills: reading dialogues, rapid reading, intensive reading, improving reading skills.
Mock Interviews: testing initiative, team spirit, leadership, intellectual ability. Group Discussions.

XVI. REMEDIAL COURSES

1. Agricultural Heritage (New Course) 1(1+0)
Theory
Introduction of Indian agricultural heritage; Ancient agricultural practices, Relevance of
heritage to present day agriculture; Past and present status of agriculture and farmers in society;
Journey of Indian agriculture and its development from past to modern era; Plant production
and protection through indigenous traditional knowledge; Crop voyage in India and world;
Agriculture scope; Importance of agriculture and agricultural resources available in India; Crop
significance and classifications; National agriculture setup in India; Current scenario of Indian
agriculture; Indian agricultural concerns and future prospects.

2. Introductory Biology (New) 2(1+1)

Theory
Introduction to the living world, diversity and characteristics of life, origin of life, Evolution
and Eugenics. Binomial nomenclature and classification Cell and cell division. Morphology of
flowing plants. Seed and seed germination. Plant systematic- viz; Brassicaceae, Fabaceae and
Poaceae. Role of animals in agriculture.

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Practical
Morphology of flowering plants – root, stem and leaf and their modifications. Inflorence,
flower and fruits. Cell, tissues & cell division. Internal structure of root, stem and leaf. Study of
specimens and slides. Description of plants - Brassicaceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae.

3. Elementary Mathematics (New) 2(2+0)

Theory
Straight lines : Distance formula, section formula (internal and external division), Change
of axes (only origin changed), Equation of co-ordinate axes, Equation of lines parallel to axes,
Slope-intercept form of equation of line, Slope-point form of equation of line, Two point form
of equation of line, Intercept form of equation of line, Normal form of equation of line, General
form of equation of line, Point of intersection of two st. lines, Angles between two st. lines, Parallel
lines, Perpendicular lines, Angle of bisectors between two lines, Area of triangle and quadrilateral.
Circle: Equation of circle whose centre and radius is known, General equation of a circle, Equation
of circle passing through three given points, Equation of circle whose diameters is line joining two
points (x1, y1) & (x2,y2), Tangent and Normal to a given circle at given point (Simple problems),
Condition of tangency of a line y = mx + c to the given circle x2 + y2 = a2. Differential Calculus
: Definition of function, limit and continuity, Simple problems on limit, Simple problems
on continuity, Differentiation of xn , ex , sin x & cos x from first principle, Derivatives of sum,
difference, product and quotient of two functions, Differentiation of functions of functions (Simple
problem based on it), Logarithmic differentiation (Simple problem based on it), Differentiation by
substitution method and simple problems based on it, Differentiation of Inverse Trigonometric
functions. Maxima and Minima of the functions of the form y=f (x) (Simple problems based on
it).
Integral Calculus : Integration of simple functions, Integration of Product of two functions,
Integration by substitution method, Definite Integral (simple problems based on it), Area under
simple well-known curves (simple problems based on it).
Matrices and Determinants: Definition of Matrices, Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication,
Transpose and Inverse up to 3rd order, Properties of determinants up to 3rd order and their
evaluation.

XVII. NON-GRADIAL COURSES

1. NSS/NCC/Physical Education & Yoga Practices 2 (0+2)
Theory
Course aims at evoking social consciousness among students through various activities viz.,
working together, constructive and creative social work, to be skilful in executing democratic
leadership, developing skill in programme development to be able for self employment, reducing
gap between educated and uneducated, increasing awareness and desire to help sections of society.

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Following activities are to be taken up under the NSS course:

yy Introduction and basic components of NSS: Orientation
yy NSS programmes and activities
yy Understanding youth
yy Community mobilisation
yy Social harmony and national integration
yy Volunteerism and shramdan
yy Citizenship, constitution and human rights
yy Family and society
yy Importance and role of youth leadership
yy Life competencies
yy Youth development programmes
yy Health, hygiene and sanitation
yy Youth health, lifestyle, HIV AIDS and first aid
yy Youth and yoga
yy Vocational skill development
yy Issues related environment
yy Disaster management
yy Entrepreneurship development
yy Formulation of production oriented project
yy Documentation and data reporting
yy Resource mobilization
yy Additional life skills
yy Activities directed by the Central and State Government
All the activities related to the National Service Scheme course is distributed under four
different courses viz., National Service Scheme I, National Service Scheme II, National Service
Scheme III and National Service Scheme IV each having one credit load. The entire four courses
should be offered continuously for two years. A student enrolled in NSS course should put in at
least 60 hours of social work in different activities in a semester other than five regular one day
camp in a year and one special camp for duration of 7 days at any semester break period in the two
year. Different activities will include orientation lectures and practical works.Activities directed
by the Central and State Government have to be performed by all the volunteers of NSS as per
direction.

SYLLABUS
Semester I
Course Title: National Service Scheme I
Introduction and basic components of NSS:
Orientation: history, objectives, principles, symbol, badge; regular programmes under NSS,

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organizational structure of NSS, code of conduct for NSS volunteers, points to be considered by
NSS volunteers awareness about health
NSS programmes and activities
Concept of regular activities, special camping, day camps, basis of adoption of village/slums,
conducting survey, analysing guiding financial patterns of scheme, youth programme/ schemes of
GOI, coordination with different agencies and maintenance of diary
Understanding youth
Definition, profile, categories, issues and challenges of youth; and opportunities for youth
who is agent of the social change
Community mobilisation
Mapping of community stakeholders, designing the message as per problems and their
culture; identifying methods of mobilisation involving youth-adult partnership
Social harmony and national integration
Indian history and culture, role of youth in nation building, conflict resolution and peace-
building
Volunteerism and shramdan
Indian tradition of volunteerism, its need, importance, motivation and constraints; shramdan
as part of volunteerism
Citizenship, constitution and human rights
Basic features of constitution of India, fundamental rights and duties, human rights, consumer
awareness and rights and rights to information
Family and society
Concept of family, community (PRIs and other community based organisations) and society

Semester II
Course Title: National Service Scheme II
Importance and role of youth leadership
Meaning, types and traits of leadership, qualities of good leaders; importance and roles of
youth leadership
Life competencies
Definition and importance of life competencies, problem-solving and decision-making, inter
personal communication
Youth development programmes
Development of youth programmes and policy at the national level, state level and voluntary
sector; youth-focused and youth-led organisations

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Health, hygiene and sanitation

Definition needs and scope of health education; role of food, nutrition, safe drinking
water, water born diseases and sanitation (Swachh Bharat Abhiyan) for health; national health
programmes and reproductive health.
Youth health, lifestyle, HIV AIDS and first aid
Healthy lifestyles, HIV AIDS, drugs and substance abuse, home nursing and first aid
Youth and yoga
History, philosophy, concept, myths and misconceptions about yoga; yoga traditions and its
impacts, yoga as a tool for healthy lifestyle, preventive and curative method

Semester III
Course Title: National Service Scheme III
Vocational skill development
To enhance the employment potential and to set up small business enterprises skills of
volunteers, a list of 12 to 15 vocational skills will be drawn up based on the local conditions and
opportunities. Each volunteer will have the option to select two skill-areas out of this list
Issues related environment
Environmental conservation, enrichment and sustainability, climatic change, natural resource
management (rain water harvesting, energy conservation, forestation, waste land development
and soil conservations) and waste management
Disaster management
Introduction and classification of disaster, rehabilitation and management after disaster; role
of NSS volunteers in disaster management.
Entrepreneurship development
Definition, meaning and quality of entrepreneur; steps in opening of an enterprise and role of
financial and support service institution.
Formulation of production oriented project
Planning, implementation, management and impact assessment of project
Documentation and data reporting
Collection and analysis of data, documentation and dissemination of project reports

Semester IV
Course Title: National Service Scheme IV
Youth and crime
Sociological and psychological factors influencing youth crime, cyber crime, pear mentoring
in preventing crime and awareness for juvenile justice

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Civil/self defence
Civil defence services, aims and objectives of civil defence; needs and training of self defence
Resource mobilisation
Writing a project proposal of self fund units (SFUs) and its establishment
Additional life skills
Positive thinking, self confidence and esteem, setting life goals and working to achieve them,
management of stress including time management.
National Cadet Corps Credit hours: 2(0+2)

Semester I: National Cadet Corps

1. Aims, objectives, organization of NCC and NCC song. DG’s cardinals of discipline.
2. Drill- aim, general words of command, attention, stands at ease, stand easy and turning.
3. Sizing, numbering, forming in three ranks, open and close order march and dressing.
4. Saluting at the halt, getting on parade, dismissing and falling out.
5. Marching, length of pace, and time of marching in quick/slow time and halt. Side pace, pace
forward and to the rear.
6. Turning on the march and wheeling. Saluting on the march.
7. Marking time, forward march and halt.
8. Changing step, formation of squad and squad drill.
9. Command and control, organization, badges of rank, honours and awards
10. Nation Building- cultural heritage, religions, traditions and customs of India. National
integration.
11. Values and ethics, perception, communication, motivation, decision making, discipline and
duties of good citizen.
12. Leadership traits, types of leadership. Character/personality development.
13. Civil defense organization, types of emergencies, fire fighting, protection,
14. Maintenance of essential services, disaster management, aid during development projects.
15. Basics of social service, weaker sections of society and their needs, NGO’s and their contribution,
contribution of youth towards social welfare and family planning.
16. Structure and function of human body, diet and exercise, hygiene and sanitation.
17. Preventable diseases including AIDS, safe blood donation, first aid, physical and mental
health.
18. Adventure activities
19. Basic principles of ecology, environmental conservation, pollution and its control.
20. Precaution and general behaviour of girl cadets, prevention of untoward incidents, vulnerable
parts of the body, self defense.
Semester II: National Cadet Corps
1. Arms Drill- Attention, stand at ease, stand easy. Getting on parade. Dismissing and falling out.
Ground/take up arms, examine arms.

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2. Shoulder from the order and vice-versa, present from the order and vice-versa.
3. Saluting at the shoulder at the halt and on the march. Short/long trail from the order and vice-
versa.
4. Guard mounting, guard of honour, Platoon/Coy Drill.
5. Characteristics of rifle (.22/.303/SLR), ammunition, fire power, stripping, assembling, care,
cleaning and sight setting.
6. Loading, cocking and unloading. The lying position and holding.
7. Trigger control and firing a shot. Range Procedure and safety precautions. Aiming and
alteration of sight.
8. Theory of groups and snap shooting. Firing at moving targets. Miniature range firing.
9. Characteristics of Carbine and LMG.
10. Introduction to map, scales and conventional signs. Topographical forms and technical terms.
11. The grid system. Relief, contours and gradients. Cardinal points and finding north. Types of
bearings and use of service protractor.
12. Prismatic compass and its use. Setting a map, finding north and own position. Map to ground
and ground to map.
13. Knots and lashings, Camouflage and concealment, Explosives and IEDs.
14. Field defenses obstacles, mines and mine lying. Bridging, waterman ship
15. Field water supplies, tracks and their construction.
16. Nuclear, Chemical and Biological Warfare (NCBW)
17. Judging distance. Description of ground and indication of landmarks.
18. Recognition and description of target. Observation and concealment. Field signals. Section
formations.
19. Fire control orders. Fire and movement. Movement with/without arms. Section battle drill.
20. Types of communication, media, latest trends and developments.
Physical Education and Yoga Practices Credit hours: 2(0+2) (0+2)
Semester I: Physical Education and Yoga Practices
1. Teaching of skills of Football – demonstration, practice of the skills, correction, involvement
in game situation (For girls teaching of Tennikoit)
2. Teaching of different skills of Football – demonstration, practice of the skills, correction,
involvement in game situation (For girls teaching of Tennikoit)
3. Teaching of advance skills of Football – involvement of all the skills in game situation with
teaching of rules of the game
4. Teaching of skills of Basketball – demonstration, practice of the skills, correction of skills,
involvement in game situation
5. Teaching of skills of Basketball – demonstration, practice of the skills, involvement in game
situation
6. Teaching of skills of Basketball – involvement of all the skills in game situation with teaching
of rule of the game

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7. Teaching of skills of Kabaddi – demonstration, practice of the skills, correction of skills,

involvement in game situation
8. Teaching of skills of Kabaddi – demonstration, practice of the skills, correction of skills,
involvement in game situation
9. Teaching of advance skills of Kabaddi – involvement of all the skills in game situation with
teaching of rule of the game
10. Teaching of skills of Ball Badminton – demonstration, practice of the skills, correction of
skills, involvement in game situation
11. Teaching of skills of Ball Badminton – involvement of all the skills in game situation with
teaching of rule of the game
12. Teaching of some of Asanas – demonstration, practice, correction and practice
13. Teaching of some more of Asanas – demonstration, practice, correction and practice
14. Teaching of skills of Table Tennis – demonstration, practice of skills, correction and practice
and involvement in game situation
15. Teaching of skills of Table Tennis – demonstration, practice of skills, correction and practice
and involvement in game situation
16. Teaching of skills of Table Tennis – involvement of all the skills in game situation with teaching
of rule of the game
17. Teaching – Meaning, Scope and importance of Physical Education
18. Teaching – Definition, Type of Tournaments
19. Teaching – Physical Fitness and Health Education
20. Construction and laying out of the track and field (*The girls will have Tennikoit and Throw
Ball).
Semester II: Physical Education and Yoga Practices
1. Teaching of skills of Hockey – demonstration practice of the skills and correction.
2. Teaching of skills of Hockey – demonstration practice of the skills and correction. And
involvement of skills in games situation
3. Teaching of advance skills of Hockey – demonstration practice of the skills and correction.
Involvement of all the skills in games situation with teaching of rules of the game
4. Teaching of skills of Kho-Kho – demonstration practice of the skills and correction.
5. Teaching of skills of Kho-Kho – demonstration practice of the skills and correction.
Involvement of the skills in games situation
6. Teaching of advance skills of Kho-Kho – demonstration practice of the skills and correction.
Involvement of all the skills in games situation with teaching of rules of the game
7. Teaching of different track events – demonstration practice of the skills and correction.
8. Teaching of different track events – demonstration practice of the skills and correction.
9. Teaching of different track events – demonstration practice of the skills and correction with
competition among them.
10. Teaching of different field events – demonstration practice of the skills and correction.
11. Teaching of different field events – demonstration practice of the skills and correction.
12. Teaching of different field events – demonstration practice of the skills and correction.

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13. Teaching of different field events – demonstration practice of the skills and correction with
competition among them.
14. Teaching of different asanas – demonstration practice and correction.
15. Teaching of different asanas – demonstration practice and correction.
16. Teaching of different asanas – demonstration practice and correction.
17. Teaching of different asanas – demonstration practice and correction.
18. Teaching of weight training – demonstration practice and correction.
19. Teaching of circuit training – demonstration practice and correction.
20. Teaching of calisthenics – demonstration practice and correction.

Note: 1) Compulsory Uniform: Half pants, Tee Shirts, Shoes and socks all white (Girls will have
white Tee Shirt and Track pants) 2) The games mentioned in the practical may be inter changed
depending on the season and facilities.

Course title: Human Value and Ethics 1(1+0)

Theory
Values and Ethics-An Introduction. Goal and Mission of Life. Vision of Life. Principles and
Philosophy. Self Exploration. Self Awareness. Self Satisfaction. Decision Making. Motivation.
Sensitivity. Success. Selfless Service. Case Study of Ethical Lives. Positive Spirit. Body, Mind and
Soul. Attachment and Detachment. Spirituality Quotient. Examination.

Course Title: Educational Tour 2 (0+2)

ELECTIVE COURSES
Agri-business Management 3 (2+1)
Theory
Transformation of agriculture into agribusiness, various stakeholders and components of
agribusiness systems. Importance of agribusiness in the Indian economy and New Agricultural
Policy. Distinctive features of Agribusiness Management: Importance and needs of agro-based
industries, Classification of industries and types of agro based industries. Institutional arrangement,
procedures to set up agro based industries. Constraints in establishing agro-based industries.
Agri-value chain: Understanding primary and support activities and their linkages. Business
environment: PEST & SWOT analysis. Management functions: Roles & activities, Organization
culture. Planning, meaning, definition, types of plans. Purpose or mission, goals or objectives,
Strategies, polices procedures, rules, programs and budget. Components of a business plan, Steps
in planning and implementation. Organization staffing, directing and motivation. Ordering,
leading, supervision, communications, control. Capital Management and Financial management of
Agribusiness. Financial statements and their importance. Marketing Management: Segmentation,
targeting & positioning. Marketing mix and marketing strategies. Consumer behaviour analysis,
Product Life Cycle (PLC). Sales & Distribution Management. Pricing policy, various pricing
methods. Project Management definition, project cycle, identification, formulation, appraisal,
implementation, monitoring and evaluation. Project Appraisal and evaluation techniques.

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Practical
Study of agri-input markets: Seed, fertilizers, pesticides. Study of output markets: grains, fruits,
vegetables, flowers. Study of product markets, retails trade commodity trading, and value added
products. Study of financing institutions- Cooperative, Commercial banks, RRBs, Agribusiness
Finance Limited, NABARD. Preparations of projects and Feasibility reports for agribusiness
entrepreneur. Appraisal/evaluation techniques of identifying viable project- Non-discounting
techniques. Case study of agro-based industries. Trend and growth rate of prices of agricultural
commodities. Net present worth technique for selection of viable project. Internal rate of return.

2. Agrochemicals 3 (2+1)
Theory
An introduction to agrochemicals, their type and role in agriculture, effect on environment,
soil, human and animal health, merits and demerits of their uses in agriculture, management of
agrochemicals for sustainable agriculture.
Herbicides-Major classes, properties and important herbicides. Fate of herbicides.
Fungicides - Classification – Inorganic fungicides - characteristics, preparation and use of
sulfur and copper, Mode of action-Bordeaux mixture and copper oxychloride.
Organic fungicides- Mode of action- Dithiocarbamates-characteristics, preparation and use
of Zineb and maneb.
Systemic fungicides- Benomyl, carboxin, oxycarboxin, Metalaxyl, Carbendazim,
characteristics and use. Introduction and classification of insecticides: inorganic and
organic insecticides Organochlorine, Organophosphates, Carbamates, Synthetic pyrethroids
Neonicotinoids, Biorationals, Insecticide Act and rules, Insecticides banned, withdrawn and
restricted use, Fate of insecticides in soil & plant. IGRs Biopesticides, Reduced risk insecticides,
Botanicals, plant and animal systemic insecticides their characteristics and uses.
Fertilizers and their importance. Nitrogenous fertilizers: Feedstocks and Manufacturing of
ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, urea. Slow release N-fertilizers.
Phosphatic fertilizers: feedstock and manufacturing of single superphosphate. Preparation
of bone meal and basic slag. Potassic fertilizers: Natural sources of potash, manufacturing of
potassiumchloride, potassium sulphate and potassium nitrate.
Mixed and complex fertilizers: Sources and compatibility–preparation of major, secondary
and micronutrient mixtures. Complex fertilizers: Manufacturing of ammonium phosphates,
nitrophosphates and NPK complexes. Fertilizer control order. Fertilizer logistics and marketing.
Plant bio-pesticides for ecological agriculture, Bio-insect repellent.

Practical
Sampling of fertilizers and pesticides. Pesticides application technology to study about various
pesticides appliances. Quick tests for identification of common fertilizers. Identification of anion
and cation in fertilizer. Calculation of doses of insecticides to be used. To study and identify various
formulations of insecticide available kin market. Estimation of nitrogen in Urea. Estimation of

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water soluble P2O5 and citrate soluble P2O5 in single super phosphate. Estimation of potassium in
Muraite of Potash/ Sulphate of Potash by flame photometer. Determination of copper content in
copper oxychloride. Determination of sulphur content in sulphur fungicide. Determination
of thiram. Determination of ziram content.

3. Commercial Plant Breeding 3(1+2)

Theory
Types of crops and modes of plant reproduction. Line development and maintenance breeding
in self and cross pollinated crops (A/B/R and two line system) for development of hybrids and
seed production. Genetic purity test of commercial hybrids. Advances in hybrid seed production
of maize, rice, sorghum, pearl millet, castor, sunflower, cotton pigeon pea, Brassica etc. Quality
seed production of vegetable crops under open and protected environment. Alternative strategies
for the development of the line and cultivars: haploid inducer, tissue culture techniques and
biotechnological tools. IPR issues in commercial plant breeding: DUS testing and registration of
varieties under PPV & FR Act. Variety testing, release and notification systems in India. Principles
and techniques of seed production, types of seeds, quality testing in self and cross pollinated crops.

Practical
Floral biology in self and cross pollinated species, selfing and crossing techniques. Techniques
of seed production in self and cross pollinated crops using A/B/R and two line system. Learning
techniques in hybrid seed production using male-sterility in field crops. Understanding
the difficulties in hybrid seed production, Tools and techniques for optimizing hybrid seed
production. Concept of rouging in seed production plot. Concept of line its multiplication and
purification in hybrid seed production. Role of pollinators in hybrid seed production. Hybrid seed
production techniques in sorghum, pearl millet, maize, rice, rapeseed-mustard, sunflower, castor,
pigeon pea, cotton and vegetable crops. Sampling and analytical procedures for purity testing
and detection of spurious seed. Seed drying and storage structure in quality seed management.
Screening techniques during seed processing viz., grading and packaging. Visit to public private
seed production and processing plants.

4. Landscaping 3(2+1)
Theory
Importance and scope of landscaping. Principles of landscaping, garden styles and types,
terrace gardening, vertical gardening, garden components, adornments, lawn making, rockery,
water garden, walk-paths, bridges, other constructed features etc. gardens for special purposes.
Trees: selection, propagation, planting schemes, canopy management, shrubs and herbaceous
perennials: selection, propagation, planting schemes, architecture. Climber and creepers:
importance, selection, propagation, planting, Annuals: selection, propagation, planting scheme,
Other garden plants: palms, ferns, grasses and cacti succulents. Pot plants: selection, arrangement,
management. Bio-aesthetic planning: definition, need, planning; landscaping of urban and rural
areas, Peri-urban landscaping, Landscaping of schools, public places like bus station, railway
station, townships, river banks, hospitals, play grounds, airports, industries, institutions. Bonsai:
principles and management, lawn: establishment and maintenance. CAD application.

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Practical
Identification of trees, shrubs, annuals, pot plants; Propagation of trees, shrubs and annuals,
care and maintenance of plants, potting and repotting, identification of tools and implements used
in landscape design, training and pruning of plants for special effects, lawn establishment and
maintenance, layout of formal gardens, informal gardens, special type of gardens (sunken garden,
terrace garden, rock garden) and designing of conservatory and lathe house. Use of computer
software, visit to important gardens/ parks/ institutes.

5. Food Safety and Standards 3(2+1)

Theory
Food Safety – Definition, Importance, Scope and Factors affecting Food Safety. Hazards and
Risks, Types of hazards - Biological, Chemical, Physical hazards. Management of hazards - Need.
Control of parameters. Temperature control. Food storage. Product design. Hygiene and Sanitation
in Food Service Establishments- Introduction. Sources of contamination and their control. Waste
Disposal. Pest and Rodent Control. Personnel Hygiene. Food Safety Measures. Food Safety
Management Tools- Basic concepts. PRPs, GHPs, GMPs, SSOPs etc. HACCP. ISO series. TQM
- concept and need for quality, components of TQM, Kaizen. Risk Analysis. Accreditation and
Auditing, Water Analysis, Surface Sanitation and Personal Hygiene. Food laws and Standards-
Indian Food Regulatory Regime, FSSA. Global Scenario CAC. Other laws and standards related
to food. Recent concerns- New and Emerging Pathogens. Packaging, Product labeling and
Nutritional labeling. Genetically modified foods\ transgenics. Organic foods. Newer approaches
to food safety. Recent Outbreaks. Indian and International Standards for food products.

Practical
Water quality analysis physico-chemical and microbiological. Preparation of different
types of media. Microbiological Examination of different food samples. Assessment of surface
sanitation by swab/rinse method. Assessment of personal hygiene. Biochemical tests for
identification of bacteria. Scheme for the detection of food borne pathogens. Preparation of plans
for Implementation of FSMS - HACCP, ISO: 22000.

6. Biopesticides & Biofertilizers 3(2+1)

Theory
History and concept of biopesticides. Importance, scope and potential of biopesticide.
Definitions, concepts and classification of biopesticides viz. pathogen, botanical pesticides, and
biorationales. Botanicals and their uses. Mass production technology of bio-pesticides. Virulence,
pathogenicity and symptoms of entomopathogenic pathogens and nematodes. Methods of
application of biopesticides. Methods of quality control and Techniques of biopesticides.
Impediments and limitation in production and use of biopesticide.
Biofertilizers - Introduction, status and scope. Structure and characteristic features of
bacterial biofertilizers- Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium and Frankia;
Cynobacterial biofertilizers- Anabaena, Nostoc, Hapalosiphon and fungal biofertilizers- AM
mycorrhiza and ectomycorhiza. Nitrogen fixation -Free living and symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
Mechanism of phosphate solubilization and phosphate mobilization, K solubilization. Production

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technology: Strain selection, sterilization, growth and fermentation, mass production of carrier
based and liquid biofertiizers. FCO specifications and quality control of biofertilizers. Application
technology for seeds, seedlings, tubers, sets etc. Biofertilizers -Storage, shelf life, quality control
and marketing. Factors influencing the efficacy of biofertilizers.

Practical
Isolation and purification of important biopesticides: Trichoderma Pseudomonas, Bacillus,
Metarhyzium etc. and its production. Identification of important botanicals. Visit to biopesticide
laboratory in nearby area. Field visit to explore naturally infected cadavers. Identification of
entomopathogenic entities in field condition. Quality control of biopesticides.
Isolation and purification of Azospirillum , Azotobacter, Rhizobium, P-solubilizers and
cyanobacteria. Mass multiplication and inoculums production of biofertilizers. Isolation of AM
fungi -Wet sieving method and sucrose gradient method. Mass production of AM inoculants.

7. Protected Cultivation 3(2+1)

Theory
Protected cultivation- importance and scope, Status of protected cultivation in India and
World types of protected structure based on site and climate. Cladding material involved in
greenhouse/ poly house. Greenhouse design, environment control, artificial lights, Automation.
Soil preparation and management, Substrate management. Types of benches and containers.
Irrigation and fertigation management. Propagation and production of quality planting material
of horticultural crops. Greenhouse cultivation of important horticultural crops – rose, carnation,
chrysanthemum, gerbera, orchid, anthurium, lilium, tulip, tomato, bell pepper, cucumber,
strawberry, pot plants, etc. Cultivation of economically important medicinal and aromatic plants.
Off-season production of flowers and vegetables. Insect pest and disease management.

Practical
Raising of seedlings and saplings under protected conditions, use of protrays in quality
planting material production, Bed preparation and planting of crop for production, Inter cultural
operations, Soil EC and pH measurement, Regulation of irrigation and fertilizers through drip,
fogging ad misting.

8. Micro propagation Technologies 3(1+2)

Theory
Introduction, History, Advantages and limitations; Types of cultures (seed, embryo, organ,
callus, cell), Stages of micropropagation, Axillary bud proliferation (Shoot tip and meristem
culture, bud culture),Organogenesis (callus and direct organ formation), Somatic embryogenesis,
cell suspension cultures, Production of secondary metabolites, Somaclonal variation,
Cryopreservation

Practical
Identification and use of equipments in tissue culture Laboratory, Nutrition media composition,
sterilization techniques for media, containers and small instruments, sterilization techniques for

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explants, Preparation of stocks and working solution, Preparation of working medium, Culturing
of explants: Seeds, shoot tip and single node, Callus induction, Induction of somatic embryos
regeneration of whole plants from different explants, Hardening procedures.

9. Hi-tech. Horticulture 3(2+1)

Theory
Introduction & importance; Nursery management and mechanization; micro propagation
of horticultural crops; Modern field preparation and planting methods, Protected cultivation:
advantages, controlled conditions, method and techniques, Micro irrigation systems and its
components; EC, pH based fertilizer scheduling, canopy management, high density orcharding,
Components of precision farming: Remote sensing, Geographical Information System (GIS),
Differential Geo-positioning System (DGPS), Variable Rate applicator (VRA), application of
precision farming in horticultural crops (fruits, vegetables and ornamental crops); mechanized
harvesting of produce.

Practical
Types of polyhouses and shade net houses, Intercultural operations, tools and equipments
identification and application, Micro propagation, Nursery-protrays, micro-irrigation, EC, pH
based fertilizer scheduling, canopy management, visit to hi-tech orchard/nursery.

10. Weed Management 3(2+1)

Theory
Introduction to weeds, characteristics of weeds their harmful and beneficial effects on
ecosystem. Classification, reproduction and dissemination of weeds. Herbicide classification,
concept of adjuvant, surfactant, herbicide formulation and their use. Introduction to mode of
action of herbicides and selectivity. Allelopathy and its application for weed management.
Bio-herbicides and their application in agriculture. Concept of herbicide mixture and utility
in agriculture. Herbicide compatibility with agro-chemicals and their application. Integration
of herbicides with non chemical methods of weed management. Herbicide Resistance and its
management.

Practical
Techniques of weed preservation. Weed identification and their losses study. Biology of
important weeds. Study of herbicide formulations and mixture of herbicide. Herbicide and agro-
chemicals study. Shift of weed flora study in long term experiments. Study of methods of herbicide
application, spraying equipments. Calculations of herbicide doses and weed control efficiency and
weed index.

11. System Simulation and Agroadvisory 3(2+1)

Theory
System Approach for representing soil-plant-atmospheric continuum, system boundaries,
Crop models, concepts & techniques, types of crop models, data requirements, relational diagrams.

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Evaluation of crop responses to weather elements; Elementary crop growth models; calibration,
validation, verification and sensitivity analysis. Potential and achievable crop production- concept
and modelling techniques for their estimation. Crop production in moisture and nutrients
limited conditions; components of soil water and nutrients balance. Weather forecasting, types,
methods, tools & techniques, forecast verification; Value added weather forecast, ITK for weather
forecast and its validity; Crop-Weather Calendars; Preparation of agro-advisory bulletin based on
weather forecast. Use of crop simulation model for preparation of Agro-advisory and its effective
dissemination.

Practical
Preparation of crop weather calendars. Preparation of agro-advisories based on weather
forecast using various approaches and synoptic charts. Working with statistical and simulation
models for crop growth. Potential & achievable production; yield forecasting, insect & disease
forecasting models. Simulation with limitations of water and nutrient management options.
Sensitivity analysis of varying weather and crop management practices. Use of statistical
approaches in data analysis and preparation of historical, past and present meteorological data for
medium range weather forecast. Feedback from farmers about the agroadvisory.

12. Agricultural Journalism 3(2+1)

Theory
Agricultural Journalism: The nature and scope of agricultural journalism characteristics and
training of the agricultural journalist, how agricultural journalism is similar to and different from
other types of journalism. Newspapers and magazines as communication media: Characteristics;
kinds and functions of newspapers and magazines, characteristics of newspaper and magazine
readers. Form and content of newspapers and magazines: Style and language of newspapers and
magazines, parts of newspapers and magazines. The agricultural story: Types of agricultural stories,
subject matter of the agricultural story, structure of the agricultural story. Gathering agricultural
information: Sources of agricultural information, interviews, coverage of events, abstracting from
research and scientific materials, wire services, other agricultural news sources. Writing the story:
Organizing the material, treatment of the story, writing the news lead and the body, readability
measures. Illustrating agricultural stories: Use of photographs, use of artwork (graphs, charts,
maps, etc.), writing the captions. Editorial mechanics: Copy reading, headline and title writing,
proofreading, lay outing.

Practical
Practice in interviewing. Covering agricultural events. Abstracting stories from research and
scientific materials and from wire services. Writing different types of agricultural stories. Selecting
pictures and artwork for the agricultural story. Practice in editing, copy reading, headline and title
writing, proofreading, layouting. Testing copy with a readability formula. Visit to a publishing
office.

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