No.

of Printed Pages : 4 MCS-012

MCA (Revised) / BCA (Revised)

Term-End Examination
June, 2021

MCS-012 : COMPUTER ORGANISATION AND

ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING
Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100
(Weightage : 75%)

Note : Question number 1 is compulsory and carries

40 marks. Attempt any three questions from the
rest.

1. (a) Perform the following computations using

signed 1’s complement notation of length
8 bits. Also indicate overflow, if any : 6
(i) – 76 – 52
(ii) + 79 + 49
(iii) + 79 – 86
(b) Design a full-adder circuit using K-map. 4

(c) Explain the two-way set associative cache

mapping scheme with the help of an
example. 5

(d) What is DMA ? Why is it useful ? Draw the

block diagram of a DMA interface. 5

MCS-012 1 P.T.O.
 (e) Instructions of machine are such that they
have two register operands. However, to
load a register a special instruction has
been designed which either contains the
operand value or address of the operand.
List and explain four addressing modes for
this machine. 4

(f) What is the role of control memory in a

micro-programmed control unit ? Explain
the organisation of control memory with
the help of a diagram. What is a horizontal
micro-instruction ? Explain. 6

(g) Write a program using 8086 assembly

language that moves content of byte
memory location X1 and X2 to AL and BL
registers. The program then finds the
larger value of AL or BL register and
stores it in DL register. 6
(h) Assume the following values in the
registers :
Instruction Pointer (IP) contains (A521)h
Stack Pointer (SP) contains (OOFF)h
Code Segment (CS) contains (OFFF)h
Stack Segment (SS) contains (OOOF)h
Find the following using the above
information : 4
(i) Physical address of top of stack
(ii) Physical address of instruction

MCS-012 2
2. (a) Draw logic diagram to implement AND, OR
and NOT operations using NAND gate(s). 5

(b) Explain the following in the context of

floating point number representation with
the help of an example : 5
(i) Normalised mantissa
(ii) Biased exponent

(c) How many RAM chips of size 512 K  1 bit

are required to build 1 MB memory ? 2

(d) What is Programmed Input/Output ?

Explain with the help of a diagram.
Explain the difference between
Programmed I/O and Interrupt driven I/O. 6

(e) What is Latency time in the hard disk ? 2

3. (a) Explain the steps required to fetch an

instruction from a memory location to
instruction register with the help of
micro-operations. 5
(b) What will be the length of various fields of
an instruction considering the following ? 5
(i) 64 possible operations
(ii) 8 addressing modes
(iii) Memory size of 4 KB (byte addressing
is used)
(iv) It has 32 registers
(v) Each instruction has one register and
one memory operand
Make suitable assumptions.

MCS-012 3 P.T.O.
 (c) Explain the concept of NEAR and FAR
procedural calls in 8086 microprocessor
with the help of one example each. 6
(d) Explain the use of INT 21h in
8086 microprocessor for reading a single
character from the keyboard with the help
of an example. 4

4. (a) Draw and explain the truth table and logic

diagram of a 3-bit synchronous counter. 5
(b) Explain the von Neumann architecture
with the help of a diagram. 5
(c) What is an Input/Output processor ? How is
it different from DMA ? 4
(d) Differentiate between the following : 6
(i) SRAM and DRAM
(ii) ROM and Flash Memory

5. (a) What is the use of stack in subroutine

CALL instruction ? Explain using an
example. 5
(b) Why is RAID used in computers ? What is
RAID Level 0 ? 3
(c) Explain the following assembly language
instructions with the help of an example
each : 8
(i) MUL
(ii) ADD
(iii) TEST
(iv) SHR
(d) Explain the use of CX register in
implementing looping in 8086 assembly
language. 4

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[2] MCS-202

(b) Simplify the following function using K-

No. of Printed Pages : 4 MCS-202 map : 5
F (A, B, C, D) =  (0, 3, 5, 7, 9,
POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN 10, 11, 12, 15)
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS and draw the logic circuit of the function so
obtained.
(PGDCA-NEW)
(c) What is the purpose of using cache memory
Term-End Examination in a computer ? Explain the need of cache
mapping scheme. 4
December, 2021
MCS-202 : COMPUTER ORGANISATION (d) What is the importance of DMA ? Explain
its functioning. 5
Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100 (e) How is the instruction of a computer
different from C language instruction ?
Weightage : 70%
Explain various components of a computer
Note : Question Number 1 is compulsory and instruction. 5
carries 40 marks. Attempt any three (f) Explain the working of micro-programmed
questions from remaining Question No. 2 to control unit. 5
Question No. 5. (g) Explain the components of 8086 micro-
processor with the help of a diagram. 5
1. (a) Perform the following operations using
(h) Write a program using 8086 assembly
signed 2’s complement notation of 8 bits
language that converts a binary value
(including sign bit). Also indicate overflow,
stored in a byte location (assume the value
if any : 6
in between 0 and 9) to equivalent ASCII
(i) Add – 28 and +127 digit. 5
(ii) Subtract – 56 from – 77 2. (a) Perform the following conversions : 5
(iii) Add + 28 and + 100 (i) (389)10 to hexadecimal

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[3] MCS-202 [4] MCS-202

(ii) (FFA)16 to octal 4. (a) Explain any four addressing modes of a

computer with the help of an example of
(iii) (2357)8 to hexadecimal
each. 8
(iv) (AAA)16 to decimal (b) What are the advantages of RISC
architecture ? Explain the uses of large
(v) (235)8 to decimal
register file which may be found in RISC
(b) Draw the block diagram and characteristic with the help of a diagram. 4
table of S-R flip-flop. Make the excitation (c) Give an example of arithmetic micro-
table from characteristic table of this operation and one example of logic micro-
flip-flop. 5 operations. 4
(c) What is a Master-Slave flip-flop ? Explain 5. (a) Explain any four instructions of 8086
its working with the help of a diagram. 5 microprocessor. 8
(d) Differentiate between Von Neumann and (b) Explain the following with the help of a
Harvard architecture. 5 diagram/example : 12
(i) Instruction pipeline
3. (a) Why is memory hierarchy created in a
computer system ? Explain memory (ii) Multiprocessor
hierarchy with the help of a diagram. 6 (iii) Full adder
(b) Explain the use of interrupt in
input/output operation with the help of an
example. 6

(c) Why do you need input/output devices ?

Explain the functioning of any one output
device. 5

(d) Explain the term access time in the context

of a hard disk. 3 MCS–202

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No. of Printed Pages : 5 MCS-202

POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER

APPLICATIONS (PGDCA-NEW)
Term-End Examination
June, 2022

MCS-202 : COMPUTER ORGANISATION

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

(Weightage : 70%)

Note : Question number 1 is compulsory and carries

40 marks. Attempt any three questions from
questions number 2 to 5.

1. (a) Convert the following : 6

(i) Decimal number 249.125 to binary,
octal and hexadecimal
(ii) Hexadecimal (FA12)h into octal,
binary and decimal

(b) Use K-map to find the optimal function for

the function
F(A, B, C, D) =  (0, 4, 8, 11, 12, 13).

Also draw the logic diagram of resultant

function using AND, OR, NOT Gates. 5

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(c) Draw and explain the logic diagram of a

RAM cell. 5

(d) A main memory has the size of 2 MB. The

word size of the main memory is 16 bits
and 1 block of main memory word/cache
memory is of 64 bits. The size of the cache
memory is 64 KB. Determine the
following : 1+1+3=5

(i) Size of the address of main memory.

(ii) The number of cache lines.

(iii) Assuming that a main memory to

cache direct address mapping is used,
explain how main memory address
will be mapped to cache memory
address.

(e) Consider the following state of registers

and main memory (All values are in
Hexadecimal) : 4

Address Main Memory

4F11 LDA 2511 AC
4F12 4F14 IR
4F13 2567
4F14 6782 4F11 PC
4F15
4F16 4F00 0002 XR
4F17 4F14 0003 BR

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Assuming that the load instruction is
stored in address 4F11 and 4F12, where
the location 4F12 contains the address field
of the load instruction. Calculate the value
of operand, that would be loaded to AC, if
load instruction uses the following
addressing modes :
(i) Memory Direct Addressing
(ii) Index Addressing
(iii) Base Addressing
(iv) Immediate Addressing
(f) Explain the sequence of micro-operations
that would be required to fetch an
instruction stored in a memory location to
IP register. You may assume that the
machine uses MAR  register to stored
memory address, R1  register which
stores data received from memory or data
to be transferred to memory; AC  register
which is used to perform computation,
IP  register that stores the instruction,
which is fetched and PC  register which
stores the instruction to be fetched. Make
suitable assumptions. 5
(g) For the following values of various
registers in an 8086 microprocessor,
compute the physical memory address : 4
(i) CS : IP  0FABh : 01FAh
(ii) SS : SP  1F0Ah : 0267h

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(h) Write a program in 8086 assembly

language that interchanges the value
stored in two memory locations having the
name FIRST and SECOND. Explain the
logic of the program. 6

2. (a) Simplify the following Boolean functions : 4

(i) ((A + B)) + A . B
(ii) (A + B) + (A . B) + (A . B)

(b) Explain the process of error detection and

correction using parity bit. 5
(c) Explain the floating point number
representation with the help of an example. 5
(d) Explain the working of a basic SR latch.
Draw the characteristics table of
SR flip-flop. Also make the excitation table
of SR flip-flop. 6

3. (a) Explain the internal structure of a hard

disk drive with the help of a diagram. 5
(b) Explain the concept of memory hierarchy
with the help of an example. 5
(c) What is an Interrupt ? How can it be used
for Input/Output ? Explain interrupt driven
I/O with the help of an example. 5
(d) Briefly explain any two types of printer
technologies. 5
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4. (a) Explain the following program control
instructions with the help of an
example : 2+2+1=5
(i) Branch
(ii) CALL
(iii) Return
(b) What is the need of an interrupt cycle
during the instruction execution ? Explain
the micro-operations of an interrupt cycle.
Make suitable assumptions. 5
(c) Explain the working of Wilkes control unit
with the help of a diagram. 5
(d) Explain the use of large register file with
the help of an example. 5

5. (a) Explain any three shift instructions in

8086 microprocessor. 6
(b) Differentiate between .com and .exe
programs in the context of
8086 microprocessor. 4
(c) Write a program using 8086 assembly
language that adds four byte values stored
in an array of size 4 in the memory. The
result of addition is stored in the fifth and
sixth location. 6
(d) Explain the characteristics of the
following : 4
(i) Array processing
(ii) Multiprocessor system

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No. of Printed Pages : 6 MCS-202

POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
(PGDCA-NEW)

Term-End Examination
December, 2022
MCS-202 : COMPUTER ORGANISATION

Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100

Note : Question Number 1 is compulsory and

carries 40 marks. Attempt any three
questions from Question No. 2 to Question
No. 5.

1. (a) Perform the following operations using

signed 2’s complement notation using 8 bit
registers. (All the numbers given below are
in decimal notation). Also indicate
overflow, if any : 6

(i) Add (–59) with (–69)

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[2] MCS-202

(ii) Subtract (–69) from (–59)

(iii) Add +59 with +69

(iv) Add –75 and 35

(b) Simplify the following Boolean expressions :

(i) (A + B)′ + (A′ + B′)′

(ii) ( (AB)′ + (A′B)′ )′

(c) Explain how data is organised in a
magnetic disk with the help of a diagram.
Also differentiate between Constant Linear
Velocity (CLV) and Constant Angular
Velocity (CAV) disks. 6

(d) Explain the programmed I/O with the help

of a diagram. 4

(e) Explain different components of an

instruction of a computer system. Explain
the subroutine call and return instructions
with the help of sequence of operations
that would be required to implement these
instructions. 6
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[3] MCS-202

(f) Explain the organisation of control memory

with the help of a diagram. 5

(g) Explain the PUSH instruction of 8086

microprocessor with the help of an
example. 3

(h) Write a program using 8086 assembly

language that converts a 2-digit ASCII
number stored in memory to equivalent
binary number. 6

2. (a) Explain the Von Neumann architecture

with the help of a diagram. Differentiate
the features of Von Neumann architecture
with the Harvard architecture. 7

(b) Simplify the following Boolean function

Product of Sum (SOP) form using K-map.
Draw the logic diagram of the resulting
function : 6

F(A, B, C, D) = Σ (0, 4, 5, 6, 8, 14, 15)

(c) Explain the J-K flip-flop with the help of a

block diagram and characteristic table.
Make the excitation table of J-K flip-flop.

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[4] MCS-202

3. (a) What is cache memory ? Why is it needed ?

If hit ratio of a cache memory is 80% and

cache access time and memory access time

for that machine are 5 nanoseconds and

100 nanoseconds respectively, then find

the effective memory access time for this

system. 5

(b) Explain the ‘set-associative mapping’

scheme of main memory to cache addresses

with the help of a diagram showing how a

main memory address can be mapped to

cache address. 7

(c) Explain the features of the following I/O

devices or components : 8

(i) Scanner

(ii) Video Memory

(iii) Digital Camera

(iv) LEDs
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[5] MCS-202

4. (a) Define the term micro-operation. Explain

the following micro-operations with an
example of each : 7

(i) Register-transfer micro-operation

(ii) Arithmetic micro-operation

(iii) Logic micro-operation

(iv) Shift micro-operation

(b) Differentiate between hardwired control

unit and micro-programmed control unit.
Explain the functioning of Wilke’s control
unit with the help of a diagram. 7

(c) List the features of RISC architecture.

Explain the instruction pipelining in the
context of a RISC architecture. 6

5. (a) Explain the use of segment registers in

8086 microprocessor with the help of
examples. 5

(b) Explain the use of INT 21h in the context

of 8086 microprocessor for performing
input and output operations with one
example of each. 5

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[6] MCS-202

(c) Write a program using 8086 assembly

language that finds the highest value in an
array of 5 unsigned byte values stored in
the memory. 7

(d) Explain the concept of vector processing

with the help of an example. 3

MCS–202
No. of Printed Pages : 6 MCS-202

POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
(PGDCA–NEW)
Term-End Examination
June, 2023
MCS-202 : COMPUTER ORGANISATION

Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100

Weightage : 70%

Note : Question Number 1 is compulsory and

carries 40 marks. Attempt any three
questions from Question No. 2 to Question
No. 5.

1. (a) Perform the following operations using

signed 2’s complement notation of size
8 bits, which includes the sign bit. Also
indicate overflow or no-overflow, giving
reasons. Thereof : 6

(i) Add – 39 and + 126

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 [2] MCS-202

(ii) Subtract – 38 from 90

(iii) Add –79 and –49

(b) Simplify the following function using

Karnaugh’s map : 5

F ( A, B, C, D ) = Σ ( 5, 6, 8,11,13,14,15 )

Draw the logic circuit for the simplified

function.

(c) Explain the Direct Cache mapping scheme

with the help of an example. 5

(d) What is an interrupt ? List all the steps

that are required to be performed by
hardware or software to process an
interrupt. 5

(e) Explain the steps required to process

Branch (BR) instruction, subroutine call
and return instruction of a computer which
uses a stack for storing the return address.
You may assume the necessary registers
required for this purpose. 5
 [3] MCS-202

(f) Explain the horizontal and vertical micro-

instructions with the help of a suitable
diagram. 5

(g) Explain the following instructions of

8086 microprocessor with the help of an
example : 4

(i) SHL

(ii) RCL

(h) Write a 8086 assembly language program

to find the largest value in an array
consisting of 5 values. You may assume
that these values are stored in the
memory. The largest value may be kept in
AX register. Make suitable assumptions. 5

2. (a) Perform the following conversions : 5

(i) (225) 10 to hexadecimal

(ii) (AAA)16 to octal

(iii) (6761) 8 to hexadecimal

(iv) (ABC)16 to decimal

(v) (225) 8 to decimal

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 [4] MCS-202

(b) Explain the functions of the components of

a central processing unit with the help of a
diagram. 5

(c) Draw the truth table and logic diagram of

a 4 × 1 multiplexer and explain its
functioning. 5

(d) Draw the logic diagram of a ripple counter

and explain its functioning. 5

3. (a) Explain the structure of magentic disk

with the help of a diagram. Also, explain
the term constant angular velocity (CAV)
in this context. 5

(b) Explain the concept of memory

interleaving with the help of an example. 4

(c) What is the role of Input/Output

interfaces ? Explain. 5

(d) Explain the following terms in the context

of Input/Output technologies : 6

(i) Refresh rate

(ii) Optical resolution

(iii) Impact printers

 [5] MCS-202

4. (a) Explain the following addressing schemes

with the help of an example for each : 6

(i) Immediate addressing

(ii) Direct addressing

(iii) Register addressing

(b) Explain the microoperations required for

Fetching an Instruction (FI). You may

assume suitable registers for this. 5

(c) Explain the working of a Wilke’s control-

unit with the help of a diagram. 5

(d) Explain any four differences between the

RISC and CISC machines. 4

5. (a) Compute the physical address in 8086

microprocessor for the following pairs : (all

values are in hexadecimal) : 6

(i) CS : IP ≡ 10FFh : 0111h

(ii) DS : BX ≡ 0322h : 20FFh

(iii) SS : SP ≡ 0111h : 2222h

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 [6] MCS-202

(b) Explain the differences between .COM

programs and .EXE programs, in the
context of Assembly language, with the
help of an example. 5

(c) Write a program in 8086 assembly

language to interchange the values of two
byte locations in the memory. 5

(d) Explain the concept of FAR and NEAR

procedures in 8086 assembly language. 4

MCS–202
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No. of Printed Pages : 4 MCS–202

POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
(PGDCA–NEW)
Term-End Examination
December, 2023
MCS-202 : COMPUTER ORGANISATION
Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100
Weightage : 70%

Note : Question Number 1 is compulsory and

carries 40 marks. Attempt any three
questions from Question No. 2 to Question
No. 5.

1. (a) Perform the following operations using

signed 2’s complement notation of 8-bits,
(including the sign bit). You must indicate
overflow or no-overflow and the reasons
thereof : 6

(i) Add + 69 and + 59

(ii) Subtract 90 from – 38

(iii) Add – 76 and + 86

P. T. O.
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[2] MCS–202

(b) Simplify the following function using

Karnaugh’s map : 5

F (A, B, C, D) = Σ (2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10,

11, 12, 15)
Draw the logic diagram of the simplified
function using AND, OR and NOT gates.
(c) What is the need of Cache memory ?
Explain the associative mapping scheme of
Cache memory with the help of an
example. 5
(d) Explain with the help of a flowchart how
Interrupt-driven Input/Output technique is
used to perform input function. 5
(e) Explain the following addressing modes
with the help of one example each : 6
(i) Register indirect addressing
(ii) Base register addressing
(iii) Direct addressing
(f) What is instruction pipelining ? Explain
with the help of a diagram. 4
(g) What are the segment registers in 8086
microprocessor ? Explain their uses with
the help of an example. 4
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[3] MCS–202

(h) Write a program in 8080 assembly

language that finds the largest of two byte
numbers stored in the memory. The
program then subtracts smaller number
from the larger number. The result is left
in AX register. 5

2. (a) Explain the Von-Neumann architecture.

How is it different than the Harward
architecture ? 5
(b) Explain different components of a floating
point number. How are they different than
the fixed point numbers ? 5
(c) Draw the S-R latch using NOR gates and
explain its functioning. Also make the
characteristic table of S-R flip-flop. 5
(d) Draw the truth table and block diagram for
synchronous counter. Explain its
functioning. 5

3. (a) Explain the term access time in the context

of a hard disk. Also differentiate between
CLV and CAV in the context of secondary
storage technologies. 5
(b) Explain the set-associative cache mapping
scheme. 6
(c) What is DMA ? Explain the structure of
DMA module with the help of a block
diagram. 5

P. T. O.
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[4] MCS–202

(d) Explain the following terms in the context

of Input/Output technologies : 4
(i) Colour depth
(ii) Non-impact printers
4. (a) Explain the steps of subroutine call and
return instructions with the help of an
example. Assume suitable register set. 4
(b) What is a micro-operation ? Explain
register-transfer, arithmetic and logic
micro-operations with the help of an
example. 7
(c) Explain the features of RISC processors. 4
(d) Explain the operations of micro-
programmed control unit with the help of a
block diagram. 5
5. (a) Explain the following in the context of
8086 microprocessor : 15
(i) Bus interface unit
(ii) Tools for assembly language
programming
(iii) Interrupt processing in 8086 micro-
processor
(b) Write a program in 8086 assembly
language that converts an ASCII digit
stored in a memory location into its
equivalent binary. 5
MCS–202
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No. of Printed Pages : 5 MCS–202

POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

(PGDCA-NEW)

Term-End Examination

June, 2024
MCS-202 : COMPUTER ORGANISATION

Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 100

Weightage : 70%

Note : Question No. 1 is compulsory and carries

40 marks. Attempt any three questions

from the remaining Question No. 2 to

Question No. 5.

1. (a) Explain Harvard architecture with the

help of a diagram. 5

P. T. O.
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[2] MCS-202

(b) Perform the following conversions : 5

(i) Decimal (873)10 to Binary

(ii) Decimal (384)10 to Hexadecimal

(iii) Hexadecimal (FAB)h to Octal

(iv) ASCII string ‘the escape sequence’ to

UTF8

(v) Octal (765)8 to Decimal

(c) Differentiate between CLV and CAV type

of disk organizations. 5

(d) Explain two-way set associative Cache

mapping with a suitable example. 5

(e) Differentiate between RISC processor and

CISC processor. Give utility of each. 5

(f) What is an interrupt ? Explain the use of

interrupt in input/output with the help of

an example. 5
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[3] MCS-202

(g) List the various register categories

involved with 8086 microprocessor. Also,

give the role of each type of register

category. 5

(h) Compare direct addressing mode and

indirect addressing mode. Give example for

each. 5

2. (a) Simplify the function :

F(A, B, C) = Σ (2, 3, 4, 5)

using k-map. Also, draw the circuit using

NAND gates. 5

(b) Explain the functioning of 2×4 decoder.

Draw its truth table and explain its logic

diagram with the help of example input. 8

(c) Explain the working of SR flip-flop with

the help of a logic diagram and

characteristic table. Also, explain the

excitation table of SR flip-flop. 7

P. T. O.
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[4] MCS-202

3. (a) Explain the concept of programmed I/O.

How is Direct Memory Access (DMA)
technique differ from programmed I/O
technique ? Under what situation is it
better to use DMA over programmed I/O ?

(b) Define disk access time. Write the equation

to compute disk access time. Also, discuss
the meaning of all the parameters involved
in the computation of disk access time. 7

(c) What are Charge-Coupled Devices

(CCDs) ? Briefly discuss the utility of
CCDs. 5

4. (a) Explain the following addressing modes,

with the help of a suitable diagram
(showing content of sample memory and
registers) : 10

(i) Register Indirect Addressing

(ii) Relative Addressing

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[5] MCS-202

Note : Your diagram should include

instructions, operands and addresses.

(b) What is a micro-operation ? Explain

register transfer micro-operation with a

suitable example. 5

(c) Write a program in 8086 assembly

language, which converts a two digit ASCII

number to a packed BCD number. Explain

each step of the program. 5

5. Write short notes on the following : 5×4=20

(i) Cache coherence

(ii) Parallelism in uniprocessor systems

(iii) .Com programs and .Exe programs

(iv) Wilkes control

MCS–202

P. T. O.