The document explains Simpson's (1/3)rd and (3/8)th rules for numerical integration, providing formulas for approximating definite integrals over a small interval. The (1/3)rd rule uses quadratic interpolation, while the (3/8)th rule employs cubic interpolation for greater accuracy. Additionally, it briefly mentions the Newton-Raphson formula for calculating the square root of real numbers.
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Numerical
The document explains Simpson's (1/3)rd and (3/8)th rules for numerical integration, providing formulas for approximating definite integrals over a small interval. The (1/3)rd rule uses quadratic interpolation, while the (3/8)th rule employs cubic interpolation for greater accuracy. Additionally, it briefly mentions the Newton-Raphson formula for calculating the square root of real numbers.
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Simpson's (1/3)rd rule for numerical integration
We can get a quick approximation for definite
integrals when we divide a small interval [a, b] into two parts. Therefore, after dividing the interval, we get;
x0= a, x1= a + b, x2 = b
Hence, we can write the approximation as;
∫ab f(x) dx ≈ S2 = h/3[f(x0) + 4f(x1) + f(x2)]
S2 = h/3 [f(a) + 4 f((a+b)/2) + f(b)]
Where h = (b – a)/2
This is the Simpson’s ⅓ rule for integration.
Simpson’s (3/8)th rule for numerical integration
Another method of numerical integration is called “Simpson’s 3/8 rule”. It is completely based on the cubic interpolation rather than the quadratic interpolation. ∫ab f(x) dx = 3h/8 [(y0 + yn) + 3(y1 + y2 + y4 + y5 + …. + yn-1) + 2(y3 + y6 + y9 + ….. + yn-3)]
The Newton-Raphson formula for square root of any real