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FrenchRevolution Updated

The document outlines the causes and events of the French Revolution, highlighting the social, political, and economic inequalities in late 18th-century France. It discusses the role of Enlightenment thinkers, the significance of the fall of Bastille, and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. Additionally, it addresses women's participation in the revolution, the abolition of slavery, and the overarching ideals of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.

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shailesh khodke
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5 views

FrenchRevolution Updated

The document outlines the causes and events of the French Revolution, highlighting the social, political, and economic inequalities in late 18th-century France. It discusses the role of Enlightenment thinkers, the significance of the fall of Bastille, and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. Additionally, it addresses women's participation in the revolution, the abolition of slavery, and the overarching ideals of Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity.

Uploaded by

shailesh khodke
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sub: - History The French Revolution Std.

9th

Topic 1 French Society during the Late Eighteenth Century


Q1. Name the special tax levied by the church on peasants?
A1. Tithes was the special tax levied by the church on peasants.

Q2. “The inequality that existed in the French Society in the Old Regime
became the cause of French Revolution”. Justify the statement by giving three
suitable examples.
A2.The causes of French Revolution are:

1)French Society was divided into three Estates. The First Estate comprised of
clergy, the Second Estate comprised of nobility and the Third Estate comprised
of businessmen, traders, merchants, artisans, peasants and servants.

2)The members of Church and nobility enjoyed certain privileges by birth, the
most important being the exemption from paying taxes to the State.

3)Feudal dues were extracted by nobles from peasants and one-tenth of the
agricultural produce of peasants, in the form of Tithes came to the share of
clergy. All members of the Third Estate including peasants paid taxes, thus, the
burden of financing activities of the the state through taxes was borne by the
Third Estate alone creating heavy discontentment.

Q3. What are the political causes of the French revolution?


A3. 1) During the 18th century, France became the centre of autocratic
monarchy and rulers enjoy unlimited power.
2) The French monarchs were involved in rich and lavishness at the Versailles.
3) During the reign of Louis XVI, the economy crumbles because of involving in
the 7 years of war.
4) The Autocratic monarchy, poor administration, expensive expenditure
created the political cause of the Revolution.

Q4. What are the economic causes of the French revolution?


A4. 1) Increase of Population in France.
2) Rapid increase in the demand of foodgrains.
3) Production of the Foodgrains was less.
4) Price increased
5) Less wages of the workers
6) Gap between Rich and widened
7) Crops collapsed due to drought or hail
8) This led to the subsistence crisis
Q5. On what principle was voting conducted in the Estates General?
A5. Each Estate having one vote, was the principle on which voting was
conducted in the Estates General.

Q6. What was the Estates General?


A6. The Estates General was a political body and was controlled by the French
Monarch.

Q7. How was the French society organised before the revolution of 1789?
A7. 1)The French society was divided into sections called ‘estates’ namely first
estate consisting of the clergy, second estate comprising the nobility and the
third estate comprising all commoners including big businessmen, traders,
merchants, court officials, lawyers, peasants, artisans, labourers and servants.

2)The members of the first two estates, that is, the clergy and the nobility,
enjoyed certain privileges by birth. They were exempted from paying taxes to
the state. The members of this estate had no political rights and social status.

3)The entire burden of taxation fell on the third estate. All economic functions
were performed by them.

Topic 2 Growing middle class Envisages


Q8. What were the main ideas behind the French Revolution?
A8. The main ideas behind the French Revolution were:

1)The revolutionary ideas in France were propagated and preached by the


famous thinkers and philosophers like Rousseau, Montesquieu. They favoured
the abolition of such a social system that supported political, social and
economic injustice and discrimination.

2)The French revolutionaries were also influenced by the triple ideals of the
American Revolution, i.e., Liberty, Equality and Fraternity and they opposed
the privileges enjoyed by the clergy and the nobles.

Q9. The French philosophers of the 18th century greatly influenced the people
and it led to the French Revolution. Comment on this statement.

A9. Philosophers such as Montesquieu and Rousseau put for forward ideas
envisaging a society based on freedom and equal laws and opportunities for
all. In his Two Treatises of Government. John Locke sought to refute the
doctrine of the divine and absolute right of the monarch.

1) Rousseau carried the idea forward, proposing a form of government based


on ‘social contract’ between people and their representatives. In the spirit of
the laws, Montesquieu proposed a division of power within the government
between the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. This form of
government was put into force in the USA. It was an important example for
political thinkers in France.

Topic 3 Outbreak of Revolution

Q10. What did the fall of Bastille signify?


A10. The fall of Bastille signified the end of the autocratic rule of the monarch.

Q11. Describe the incidents that led to the storming of the Bastille.
A11. 1)While the National Assembly was busy at Versailles drafting a
constitution, the rest of France was seething with turmoil. A severe winter had
meant a bad harvest, the price of bread rose.

2)Often bakers exploited the situation and hoarded supplies. After spending
hours in long queues at the bakery, crowds of angry women stormed into the
shops.

3)At the same time, the king ordered troops to move into Paris. On 14 July, the
agitated crowd stormed and destroyed Bastille.

Topic 4 France become a Constitutional monarchy


Q12. Write a short note on the document ‘Declaration of the Rights of Man
and citizen.’?
A12. 1)The Declaration of the ‘Rights of Man’ and Citizen proclaimed freedom
of speech and expression to be natural rights.

2)Censorship was abolished. Newspapers, books and pamphlets flooded


French towns and reached the countryside as well.

3)Events and changes taking place in France were frankly discussed.

4)Plays, songs and festive processions attracted large number of people. Thus,
people could identify with ideas of liberty and equality easily.

Topic 5 The Reign of Terror


Q13. Who introduced Reign of Terror and where?
A13 Robespierre introduced ‘Reign of Terror’ in France.

Q14. What is a Guillotine?


A14. The Guillotine is a device consisting of two pole and a blade with which a
person is beheaded. It was named after Dr. Guillotine who invented it.
Q15. Who was the leader of the Jacobin club?
A15 Robespierre was the leader of the Jacobin club.

Q16. Who was Robespierre? Why Is his reign referred as the ‘Reign of Terror’?
A16. 1)Robespierre was the leader of Jacobins club which led a successful
revolt and came to power. Robespierre ruled France from 1793 to 1794.

2)His rule is referred as the ‘Reign of Terror’ because he followed a policy of


severe control and punishment.

3)All those who were considered enemies by him or who did not agree with
him or with his methods were arrested, imprisoned and then tried by a
revolutionary tribunal. If found guilty, they were executed.

Topic 6 Did woman have a revolution


Q17. Discuss the participation of women in political clubs, their activities, and
demands.
A17.1) In order to discuss and voice their interests, women started their own
political clubs and newspapers. About sixty women’s clubs came up in different
French cities.
2) The Society of Revolutionary and Republic Women was the most famous of
them. One of their main demands was that women should be given the same
political rights as men.
3) Women were disappointed that the constitution of 1791 reduced them to
passive citizens. They demanded the right to vote, to be elected to the
Assembly and to hold political office.
4) Women’s struggle for equal political rights, however, continued. It was
finally in 1946 that women in France won the right to vote.

Topic 7 The Abolition of Slavery


Q18. When was slavery finally abolished in French colonies?
A18. Slavery was finally abolished in French colonies in 1848.

Q19. What do you know about the abolition of slavery in France?


A19. 1)It was finally the convention which in 1794 legislated to free all the
slaves in the French overseas possessions. This, however, turned out to be a
short-term measure. However, ten years later, Napoleon reintroduced slavery.

2)Plantation owners understood their freedom as including the right to enslave


African Negroes in pursuit of their economic interests.
3)Slavery was finally abolished in French colonies in 1848.

Topic 8 The Revolution and everyday life


Q20. What did the French Revolution of 1789 stand for?
A20. The French Revolution of 1789 stood for the ideas of Liberty, Equality and
Fraternity.

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