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Qsurv - Concrete

The document provides an overview of concrete, including its composition, materials, and methods for estimating the quantity of materials needed for concrete projects. It details the types of aggregates, cement, and the processes for calculating volumes for slabs, columns, beams, and footings. Additionally, it includes practical examples and calculations for estimating concrete requirements based on project specifications.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
4 views28 pages

Qsurv - Concrete

The document provides an overview of concrete, including its composition, materials, and methods for estimating the quantity of materials needed for concrete projects. It details the types of aggregates, cement, and the processes for calculating volumes for slabs, columns, beams, and footings. Additionally, it includes practical examples and calculations for estimating concrete requirements based on project specifications.

Uploaded by

BryanHarold Broo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28

QSurv – QUANTITY SURVEYING

CONCRETE

PREPARED BY : ENGR. GRANT LLOYD L. LAWAGUEY


TOPIC LEARNING OUTCOMES
+ Identify the materials involved in the process of
mixing concrete.
+ Estimate accurately the quantity of materials
of concrete needed based on given project
plans and specifications.

2
WHAT IS CONCRETE
+ CONCRETE IS AN ARTIFICIAL STONE THAT IS A RESULT OF
MIXING CEMENT, FINE AGGREGATES, COARSE AGGREGATES,
WATER, CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES AND OTHER CEMENTITIOUS
MATERIALS.
+ REINFORCED CONCRETE
+ CONCRETE WITH REINFORCEMENT PROPERLY
EMBEDDED IN SUCH MANNER THAT THE TWO MATERIALS
ACT TOGETHER IN RESISTING FORCES

3
MATERIALS OF CONCRETE
+ CEMENT - THE MOST EXTENSIVELY USED HYDRAULIC
CEMENT IS “PORTLAND CEMENT.”
+ TYPES OF PORTLAND CEMENT

4
MATERIALS OF CONCRETE
+ AGGREGATES - INERT GRANULAR MATERIALS SUCH AS
NATURAL SAND, MANUFACTURED SAND, CRUSHED GRAVEL,
CRUSHED STONE, PEBBLES, VERMICULITE, SLAG, ETC..
+ FINE AGGREGATES – AGGREGATE PARTICLES THAT PASSES
THROUGH THE 4.75mm (#4) SIEVE
+ COARSE AGGREGATES – AGGREGATE PARTICLES THAT ARE
RETAINED ON THE 4.75mm (#4) SIEVE

5
MATERIALS OF CONCRETE
+ COARSE AGGREGATES -
+ FROM SECTION 426.4.2.1 No. 4 OF THE NSCP 2015
+ “The Nominal Size of the Coarse Aggregate not to
exceed the least of (a), (b), and (c)
+ (a) 1/5 of the narrowest between sides of forms
+ (b) 1/3 the depth of slabs
+ (c) 3/4 the minimum specified clear spacing between individual
reinforcing bars or wires, bundles of bars, prestressed
reinforcement, individual tendons, bundled tendons or ducts

6
CONCRETE PROPORTION
+ BY WEIGHT METHOD VS BY VOLUME METHOD
+ BY WEIGHT– MATERIALS OF THE CONCRETE ARE
COMPUTED BY THE WEIGHT WHICH GIVES A MORE
ACCURATE CONCRETE PROPORTION. THIS PROCESS IS
USUALLY USED IN CONCRETE BATCHING PLANTS.
+ BY VOLUME– MATERIALS OF THE CONCRETE ARE
COMPUTED BY THE VOLUME WHICH IS MORE PRACTICAL
FOR ON-SITE MIXTURES. IT USES THE MEASURING BOX
(1 FT X 1 FT X 1 FT) TO MEASURE THE AGGREGATES.

7
CONCRETE PROPORTION TABLE

8
ESTIMATING CONCRETE SLABS
+ TO ESTIMATE THE MATERIALS OF CONCRETE FOR THE
SLAB, DETERMINE THE VOLUME OF THE SLAB
+ 𝑽𝑶𝑳𝑼𝑴𝑬 𝒄𝒖. 𝒎 = 𝑨𝑹𝑬𝑨𝒔𝒍𝒂𝒃 𝒔𝒒. 𝒎 𝒙 𝑻𝑯𝑰𝑪𝑲𝑵𝑬𝑺𝑺 (𝒎)
+ FOR RECTANGULAR SLABS
+ 𝑽𝑶𝑳𝑼𝑴𝑬 = 𝑳𝑬𝑵𝑮𝑻𝑯 𝒙 𝑾𝑰𝑫𝑻𝑯 𝒙 𝑻𝑯𝑰𝑪𝑲𝑵𝑬𝑺𝑺
+ IF THE AREA IS MADE OF COMPOSITE SHAPES, DIVIDE
THE AREA INTO AREAS OF SIMPLER SHAPES.

9
ESTIMATING CONCRETE SLABS
PROBLEM 1
ESTIMATE THE
MATERIALS NEEDED
FOR THE CONCRETE
SLAB IN THE FIGURE.
USE CLASS A
CONCRETE AND 40 KG
CEMENT.

10
ESTIMATING CONCRETE SLABS
FOR A1
𝑽𝟏 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟎𝒎 𝒙 𝟐. 𝟎𝟎𝒎 𝒙 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝒎
𝑽𝟏 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟓𝒎𝟑
FOR A2
𝑽𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟎𝒎 𝒙 𝟐. 𝟔𝟎𝒎 𝒙 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝒎
𝑽𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟎𝒎𝟑
SOL’N: TOTAL VOLUME
1. COMPUTE TOTAL VOLUME OF CONCRETE SLAB 𝑽𝑻 = 𝑽𝟏 + 𝑽𝟐 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟓𝒎𝟑 + 𝟏. 𝟑𝟎𝒎𝟑
𝑽𝟏 = 𝟑. 𝟑𝟓𝒎𝟑

11
ESTIMATING CONCRETE SLABS
2. DETERMINE THE QUANTITY FOR EACH MATERIAL
FOR CEMENT
𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑎𝑔𝑠 𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 3.35 𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 9 𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 = 30.15 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠 ≈ 31 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠
FOR FINE AGGREGATES (SAND)
𝑚3 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 3.35 𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 0.50 = 1.675 𝑚3 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐
FOR COARSE AGGREGATES (GRAVEL)
𝑚3 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙 = 3.35 𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 1.00 𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐
= 3.35 𝑚3 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙
FOR WATER
𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑠
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 31 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠 6.00 = 186 𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑠
𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠

12
ESTIMATING COLUMNS, BEAMS AND FOOTINGS
+ COLUMNS
𝑽𝑶𝑳𝑪𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏 𝒄𝒖. 𝒎 = 𝑨𝑹𝑬𝑨𝑪𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒏 𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒔𝒒. 𝒎 𝒙 𝑯𝑬𝑰𝑮𝑯𝑻 𝒎
+ BEAMS
𝑽𝑶𝑳𝑩𝒆𝒂𝒎𝒔 𝒄𝒖. 𝒎 = 𝑨𝑹𝑬𝑨𝑩𝒆𝒂𝒎 𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒔𝒒. 𝒎 𝒙 𝑳𝑬𝑵𝑮𝑻𝑯 (𝒎)
+ FOOTINGS
𝑽𝑶𝑳𝑭𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒄𝒖. 𝒎 = 𝑨𝑹𝑬𝑨𝑭𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒔𝒒. 𝒎 𝒙 𝑻𝑯𝑰𝑪𝑲𝑵𝑬𝑺𝑺 (𝒎)

13
ESTIMATING COLUMNS, BEAMS AND FOOTINGS

14
ESTIMATING COLUMNS, BEAMS AND FOOTINGS

15
ESTIMATING COLUMNS, BEAMS AND FOOTINGS
PROBLEM 2
ESTIMATE THE MATERIALS NEEDED FOR THE FOLLOWING BASED
ON THE GIVEN PLANS.
USE CLASS A CONCRETE AND 40 KG CEMENT.
A) FOOTING
B) COLUMNS
C) BEAMS

16
A. ESTIMATING FOOTING FOR VOLUME OF F1
from given plans
𝐿(𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ) = 1.50𝑚
𝑊(𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ) = 1.50𝑚
𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 = 0.35𝑚
𝑁𝐹1 (𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐹𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑠) = 4
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝐹1 = 1.50𝑚 𝑥 1.50𝑚 𝑥 0.35𝑚 = 0.7875 𝑚3
FOR TOTAL VOLUME OF FOOTINGS
SOL’N: 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝐹𝑇𝐺 = 𝑁𝐹1 𝑉𝐹1 = 4 0.7875 𝑚3
1. COMPUTE TOTAL VOLUME OF FOOTING 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝑭𝑻𝑮 = 𝟑. 𝟏𝟓𝒎𝟑

17
A. ESTIMATING FOOTING
2. DETERMINE THE QUANTITY FOR EACH MATERIAL
FOR CEMENT
𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑎𝑔𝑠 𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 3.15 𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 9 𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 = 28.35 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠 ≈ 29 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠
FOR FINE AGGREGATES (SAND)
𝑚3 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 3.15 𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 0.50 = 1.575 𝑚3 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐
FOR COARSE AGGREGATES (GRAVEL)
𝑚3 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙 = 3.15 𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 1.00 𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐
= 3.15 𝑚3 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙
FOR WATER
𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑠
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 29 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠 6.00 = 174 𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑠
𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠

18
B. ESTIMATING COLUMNS FOR VOLUME OF C1
from given plans
𝐴𝐶1 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 0.30𝑚 0.30𝑚 = 0.09 𝑚2
𝐻𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 (𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡) = 1.15𝑚 + 3.00𝑚 = 4.15𝑚
𝑁𝐶1 (𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛𝑠) = 4
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝐶1 = 0.09𝑚2 𝑥 4.15𝑚 = 0.3735 𝑚3
FOR TOTAL VOLUME OF COLUMNS
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝐶𝑜𝑙 = 𝑁𝐶1 𝑉𝐶1 = 4 0.3735 𝑚3
SOL’N:
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝑪𝒐𝒍 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟗𝟒𝒎𝟑
1. COMPUTE TOTAL VOLUME OF COLUMNS

19
B. ESTIMATING COLUMNS
2. DETERMINE THE QUANTITY FOR EACH MATERIAL
FOR CEMENT
𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑎𝑔𝑠 𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 1.494 𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 9 𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 = 13.446 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠 ≈ 14 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠
FOR FINE AGGREGATES (SAND)
𝑚3 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 1.494 𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 0.50 = 0.747 𝑚3 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐
FOR COARSE AGGREGATES (GRAVEL)
𝑚3 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙 = 1.494 𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 1.00 𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐
= 1.494 𝑚3 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙
FOR WATER
𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑠
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 14 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠 6.00 = 84 𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑠
𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠

20
FOR VOLUME OF RB
C. ESTIMATING BEAMS 𝐴𝑅𝐵 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 0.25𝑚 0.30𝑚 = 0.075 𝑚2
𝐿𝑅𝐵 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 2 4𝑚 − 2 0.15𝑚 +
2 3𝑚 − 2 0.15𝑚 = 12.8 𝑚
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑅𝐵 = (𝐴𝑅𝐵 ) 𝐿𝑅𝐵 = 0.075𝑚2 (12.8𝑚)
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑅𝐵 = 0.96 𝑚3
FOR VOLUME OF GB
𝐴𝐺𝐵 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 0.25𝑚 0.30𝑚 = 0.105 𝑚2
𝐿𝐺𝐵 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 𝐿𝑅𝐵 = 12.8𝑚
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝐺𝐵 = (𝐴𝐺𝐵 ) 𝐿𝐺𝐵 = 0.105𝑚 (12.8𝑚)
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝐺𝐵 = 1.344 𝑚3
SOL’N:
FOR TOTAL VOLUME OF BEAMS
1. COMPUTE TOTAL VOLUME OF BEAMS 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝐵𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑠 = 𝑉𝑅𝐵 + 𝑉𝐺𝐵 = 0.96𝑚3 + 1.344𝑚3
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝑪𝒐𝒍 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟎𝟒𝒎𝟑

21
C. ESTIMATING BEAMS
2. DETERMINE THE QUANTITY FOR EACH MATERIAL
FOR CEMENT
𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑎𝑔𝑠 𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 2.304 𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 9 𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 = 20.736 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠 ≈ 21 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠
FOR FINE AGGREGATES (SAND)
𝑚3 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 2.304 𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 0.50 = 0.672 𝑚3 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐
FOR COARSE AGGREGATES (GRAVEL)
𝑚3 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙 = 2.304 𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 1.00 𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐
= 2.304 𝑚3 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙
FOR WATER
𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑠
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 21 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠 6.00 = 126 𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑠
𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠

22
ESTIMATING STAIRS
+ VOLUME OF STAIRS
𝑽𝑶𝑳𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒓𝒔 𝒄𝒖. 𝒎 = 𝑨𝑹𝑬𝑨 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒓 𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒔𝒒. 𝒎 𝒙 𝑾𝑰𝑫𝑻𝑯 𝒎
+ To compute the area of the Stair Section, the area can be
converted to a flat by drawing a line parallel to the
underside through the center lines of the thread and riser.
The thickness of the slab will be distance between the
underside and the center line drawn and the length of the
stairs as the length of the slab.

23
ESTIMATING STAIRS
PROBLEM 3
ESTIMATE THE MATERIALS
NEEDED FOR THE STAIRS
IN THE FIGURE
USE CLASS B CONCRETE
AND 40 KG CEMENT.

24
ESTIMATING STAIRS (METHOD FOR
1) VOLUME OF 1 STEP
1
𝐴1 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝 = 0.20𝑚 0.30𝑚 + (0.20𝑚)(0.30𝑚)
2
𝐴1 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝 = 0.09𝑚2
𝑉𝑜𝑙1 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝 = 0.09𝑚2 0.90𝑚 = 0.081 𝑚3
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝𝑠 = 0.081 𝑚3 5 = 0.405𝑚3
FOR VOLUME OF LANDING
𝐴 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 1.20𝑚 0.20𝑚 = .24𝑚2
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = (2.40𝑚)(0.90𝑚) = 0.216 𝑚3
SOL’N:
FOR TOTAL VOLUME OF STAIRS
1. COMPUTE TOTAL VOLUME OF STAIRS
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑠 = 0.405𝑚3 + 0.216𝑚3
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒓𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟏𝒎𝟑

25
ESTIMATING STAIRS (METHOD 2)
FOR VOLUME OF STEPS
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝𝑠 = 0.25𝑚 2.04𝑚 = 0.51 𝑚2
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑝𝑠 = 0. 51𝑚2 0.90𝑚 = 0.459 𝑚3
FOR VOLUME OF LANDING
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 0.90𝑚 0.20𝑚 = 0.18𝑚2
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = (2.40𝑚)(0.90𝑚) = 0.162 𝑚3
FOR TOTAL VOLUME OF STAIRS
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑠 = 0.459𝑚3 + 0.162𝑚3
SOL’N:
𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒊𝒓𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟐𝟏𝒎𝟑
1. COMPUTE TOTAL VOLUME OF STAIRS

26
ESTIMATING STAIRS
2. DETERMINE THE QUANTITY FOR EACH MATERIAL
FOR CEMENT
𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑎𝑔𝑠 𝐶𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 0.621 𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 7 𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 = 4.347 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠 ≈ 5 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠
FOR FINE AGGREGATES (SAND)
𝑚3 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 = 0.621𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 0.50 = 0.3105 𝑚3 𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐
FOR COARSE AGGREGATES (GRAVEL)
𝑚3 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙 = 0.621𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐 1.00 𝑚3 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐
= 0.621 𝑚3 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙
FOR WATER
𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑠
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 5 𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠 6.00 = 30 𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑠
𝑏𝑎𝑔𝑠

27
REFERENCES
+ Tagayun, V. A. (2002). Estimating Bill of
Materials. Tagayun Associates.
+ Fajardo, M. B. (2000). Simplified Construction
Estimates. 5138 Merchandising Publishing

28

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