CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, PACIFIC SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, SURAT

Pacific School of Engineering

Chemical Engineering Department
GTU Questions

CET-II
Chapter 1

1 Derive the expression of vapour composition at equilibrium using flash vaporization? 07

2 Write a brief note on retrograde condentation and its application? 07
3 Define azeotrops and explain minimum and maximum boiling azeotrops with suitable 07
examples and neat diagrams?
4 Define ideal solution, Discuss Henry’s law for dilute solution. 03
5 Discuss vapour liquid equilibria for non ideal solution with neat sketch. 07
6 Define bubble point, dew point, raoults law, henry’s law, phase rule 05
7 Write a short note on bubble point equilibria and dew point equlibria 07
8 State and discuss the Duhem theorem for non reacting system 03
9 What are the limitations of Raoult’s law? 03
10 For binary azeotropic mixture deviating positively from ideality, draw vapor-liquid 03
equilibrium (VLE) diagrams.
11 With neat diagram describe the effect of increasing pressure on binary T-x1,y1 03
vaporliquid equilibrium diagram.
12 Show that for a binary system, Henry’s law is valid for component ‘1’ then Lewis 07
Randall rule is valid for component ‘2.
13 Prove “Henry’s law applies to a species as it approaches infinite dilution in a binary 07
solution, and the Gibbs/Duhem equation ensures the validity of the Lewis/Randall
rule for the other species as it approaches purity.
14 Explain T-x-y diagram for partial miscible system 04
15 Discuss the Gamma / phi formulation for vapour-liquid equilibrium.
16 Write a brief note on solid-vapour equilibrium.
17 What is gamma-phi formulation of VLE? Draw block diagrams for the BUBL P and
DEW P calculations. Write all necessary equations.
18 For binary mixture of liquid A and liquid B, activity coefficients are given by 07
lnγ1=0.6x2 2 and lnγ2= 0.6 x1 2. At T = 353K, vapor pressure of A, PA sat =
119.96KPa and that of B is PB sat =79.97KPa.Does an azeotrope exist at 353K? If so,
determine the azeotropic pressure and composition.
Mixtures of n-Heptane (A) and n-Octane (B) are expected to behave as an ideal
solution .The total pressure over the system is 101.3 KPa. Use vapour pressure data
given below and construct a) T- xA, yA diagram b) Equilibrium diagram for A.

T, K 371.4 378 383 388 393 398.6

PAsat, KPa 101.3 125.3 140 160 180 205.3
PBsat, KPa 44.4 55.6 64.5 74.8 86.6 101.3

19 Water (1)/hydrazine (2) system forms an azeotrope containing 58.5 mol% hydrazine 07
at 393 K and 101.3 kPa. Calculate the equilibrium vapor composition for a solution
containing 20 mol% hydrazine. The relative volatility of water with reference to
hydrazine is 1.6 and may be assume to remain constant in the temperature range
involved. Vapor pressure of hydrazine at 393 K is 124.76 kPa.

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20 The following values refer to the Wilson parameters for the system of acetone 07
(1)/water (2): a12 = 1225.31 J/mol, a21 = 6051.01 J/mol, V1 = 74.05 x 10–6 m3 /mol and
V2 = 18.07 x 10–6 m3 /mol. The vapour pressures are given by the equations:
ln P1sat 14.3915 - 2795.817 /T - 43.198 and
ln P1sat 16.262 - 3799.887 /T - 46.854
where pi sat is in kPa and T is in K. Calculate the equilibrium pressure and
composition of vapour in equilibrium with a liquid of composition x1 = 0.43 at 349
K.
21 Assuming validity of Raoult’s law, draw P-x1,y1 diagram for binary mixture at 75 ̊C. 07
Clearly show vapor region, liquid region, bubble point and dew point curves. Data
given: At 75 ̊C, P1 sat =83.21 kPa and P2 sat =41.98 kPa
22 For binary mixture of liquid A and liquid B, activity coefficients are given by
lnγ1=0.6x2 2 and lnγ2= 0.6 x1 2 . At T = 353K, vapor pressure of A, PA sat =
119.96KPa and that of B is PB sat =79.97KPa.Does an azeotrope exist at 353K? If so,
determine the azeotropic pressure and composition.
23 Water (1)/hydrazine (2) system forms an azeotrope containing 58.5 mol% hydrazine 07
at 393 K and 101.3 kPa. Calculate the equilibrium vapor composition for a solution
containing 20 mol% hydrazine. The relative volatility of water with reference to
hydrazine is 1.6 and may be assume to remain constant in the temperature range
involved. Vapor pressure of hydrazine at 393 K is 124.76 kPa.

Chapter 2
1 Define chemical potential. What is it physical significance? 04
2 Discuss various methods for determination of partial molar properties. 07
3 Define Fugacity and Fugacity coefficient. Discuss ant two methods to evaluate 07
fugacity coefficient.
4 Define partial molar properties and explain any one method in details for evaluation 04
of partial molar properties.
5 How the activity coefficient is is related to the excess free energy? 03
6 The enthalpy at 300 K and 1 bar of a binary liquid mixture is represented by the 07
equation: H = 400 X1 + 600 X2 + X1 X2 (40 X1 + 20X2),Where H is in J/mol.
Determine expressions for H1 and H2 as functions of X1 numerical values for the
pure species enthalpies H1 and H2 and numerical values of partial enthalpies at
infinite dilution 𝐻1−∞ and 𝐻2−∞
7 A 30% by mole methanol-water solution is to be prepared. How many cubic meters 03
of pure methanol (molar volume 40.727 * 10^-6 m^3/mol) and pure water (molar
volume 18.068 *10^-6 m^3/mol) are to be mixed to prepare 2 m^3 of the desired
solution? The partial molar volumes of methanol and water in 30% solution are
38.632 * 10^-6 m^3/mol and 17.765 * 10^-6 m^3 /mol respectively.
8 Derive the equation for criteria for phase equilibrium in terms of chemical potential 07
for a mixture of N components and π phases.
9 Define partial molar properties and explain various method in details for evaluation 07
of partial molar properties.
10 Explain Lewis-Randall rule and its significant 03
11 Discuss van Laar equations applicable in determination of activity coefficient for VLE 04
at low pressure with suitable examples.
12 Derive summability relation for partial molar properties 03
13 Using Fundamental properties relations establish the expression of standard Gibbs 07
free energy change of chemical reaction as a function of thermodynamic equilibrium
constant.
14 Determine P-x-y data for chloroform (1) methanol (2) system at 350C, vapor pressure 04
of chloroform and methanol is 39.54 KPa and 27.95 KPa respectively. Margules

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parameters are: 𝐴12=0.738 and 𝐴21=1.868.

15 A gas mixture of SO2(g) O2(g) and inert A(g) in mole ratio 1: 0.5: 2 enters in a 04
reactor at 30bar and 900K to produce SO3(g) as: SO2(g) + 0.5 O2(g) →
SO3(g).Determine the degree of conversion at equilibrium and composition of
mixture leaving the reactor. Assume the reaction mixture behaves like an ideal gas. K
= 5.973 and Kφ = 1
16 Methanol (1)-acetone (2) system is described by the Van Laar activity coefficient 04
model. At 600C the model parameters are 𝐴12 = 0.47 and 𝐴21=0.78. Estimate the
activity coefficients for a solution containing 15mole% of methanol.
17 A gas mixture containing 30 mol% of CO, 50 mol% of H2 and 20 mol% of inert gas 07
is to be used for synthesis of methanol as: CO(g) + 2H2 (g) →CH3OH (g) Gases
issued from the catalytic chambers are in chemical equilibrium with respect to the
reaction at 30 bar and 625K. Assume that the equilibrium mixture forms an ideal
solution, K = 5x10-5 and Kφ =1. What is the percentage conversion of CO?
18 At 303 K the vapour pressures of benzene (1) and toluene (2) are 15.75 kPa and 4.89 03
kPa respectively. Determine the partial pressure and composition of the benzene
vapour in equilibrium with a liquid mixture consisting of equal weight of the two
components.
19 A 30 mol% methanol-water solution is to be prepared. How many cubic meters of 04
pure methanol (molar volume 40.727 x 10-6 m3 /mol) and pure water (molar volume
18.068 x 10-6 m3 /mol) are to be mixed to prepare 2 m3 of the desired solution? The
partial molar volumes of methanol and water in 30% solution are 38.632 x 10-6 m3
/mol and 17.765 x 10-6 m3 /mol respectively.
20 The experimental pressure-volume data for benzene at 675 K from a very low 04
pressures up to 75 bar may be approximated by the equation V = 0.0554(1/P -
0.0046).Where V is in m3 /mol and pressure P is in bar. What is the fugacity of
benzene at 1 bar and 675 K?
21 The ammonia synthesis reaction written as: 0.5 N2(g) + 1.5 H2(g) → NH3(g) with 04
0.5 mol nitrogen and 1.5 mol hydrogen as the initial amounts of reactants and with
the assumption that the equilibrium mixture is an ideal gas, show that: Ɛe = 1 –
(1+1.299KP) –0.5
22 Will it be possible to prepare 0.1 m3 of ethanol-water solution by mixing 0.03 m3 07
ethanol with 0.07 m3 pure water? If not possible, what volume should have been
mixed in order to prepare a mixture of the same strength and of required volume?
Density of ethanol and water are 789 and 997 kg/m3 , respectively. The partial molar
volumes of ethanol and water at the desired compositions are: Ethanol = 53.6 x 10-6
m3 /mol; water = 18 x 10-6 m3 /mol.
23 Derive an expression for the fugacity coefficient of a gas obeying the equation of 04
state P(V-b)=R T and estimate the fugacity of ammonia at 10 bar and 298 K, given
that b = 3.707 x 10-5 m3 /mol
24 Liquids A and B form an azeotrope containing 46.1 mole percent A at 101.3 kPa and
345 K. At 345 K, the vapor pressure of A is 84.8 kPa and that of B is 78.2 kPa.
Calculate the van Laar constants.
25 Enlist the methods to test consistency for ant VLE data and describe any two in 07
detail.
26 Discuss Van Laar equation used to determine of activity coefficient for vapour-liquid 03
equllibria at low pressure with suitable examples.
27 Derive the MARGULES Equation 03
28 Describe Wilson and NRTL equations with their application and limitations. 07

Chapter 3
1 Explain the reaction coordinate. 07
2 Explain the application of the criteria of chemical reaction euillibria? 07

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3 Explain the standard Gibbs free energy and equilibrium constant. 07

4 Explain the phase rule for reacting system? 07
5 Explain the effect of temp on equilibrium constant. 07
6 Derive equation for establish expression of standard Gibbs free energy change of 07
chemical reaction as a function of thermodynamic equilibrium constant.
7 Determine the number of degree of freedom F for each of following: (1) A system 04
prepared by partial decomposition of CaCO3 into evacuated space. (2) A system of
two miscible non reacting species which exists as an azeotrope in VLE
8 With proper nomenclature draw three types of constant- pressure liquid-liquid 07
solubility diagram.
9 A gas mixture containing 3 mol of CO2, 5 mol H2 and 1 mol water vapour is 03
undergoing the following reaction. Develop expressions for the mole fraction of the
species in terms of the extent of reaction.
CO + H2O  CH3OH + H2O and CO2 + H2  CO2 + 3H2

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