HUMAN COMPUTER

INTERACTION (HCI)
• PREPARED BY:
 OLYEL MARK- 20/U/12130/PS

 DANNY DADDIE KEITH-18/U/

 CONTENT

THE HUMAN THE COMPUTER THE INTERACTION

VISION INPUT DEVICES DATA ENTRY

HEARING
OUTPUT DEVICES CALCULATIONS
TOUCH
SOFTWARES PROCESS CONTROL
SMELL
PSYCOLOGY HARDWARES FEEDBACK
PHYSIOLOGY
 WHY HCI?

✩ EARLY COMPUTERS ✩ TODAY

 Extremely difficult to use  SMALL-HANDHELD-DEICES

 Large and expensive  MOBILITY
 Used by specialists(no knowledge abut how  DOES NOT REQUIRE
to make work easier) SPECIALIZED SKILLS TO
OPERATE
 WHAT IS HCI?
The term HCI was adopted in the mid 1980’s. the Association for
computing Machinery (ACM) defined it as a discipline concerned
with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive
computer systems for human use and the study of human
phenomena surrounding it.

HCI is the study of interaction between human(users) and

computers achieved via an interface called user interface.
DISCIPLINES CONTRIBUTING
TO HCI
Psychology

Computer
Design
Sccience

Language Engineering

HCI

Human
Sociology
factors

Ethnography Semiotics
 PRINCIPLES OF HCI

 USEFUL- Accomplish what is required(functional)

 USABLE- Does it easily and without error.

 USED- make people want to use it(be attractive and acceptable

to organization.
 THE HUMAN
WHY DO WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND
HUMAN?

 Humans are limited in their capacity to process information.

 Interaction with technology is cognitive.
 Psychological and physiological nature of human beings.
 THE COMPUTER

Computer Elements

 Input devices
 Output devices
 Virtual reality
 Physical interactions e.g. sound, haptic, bio-sensing
 memory
 paper
The devices dictate the styles of interaction that the system supports
 KEYBOARDS
 Most common text input device allows
rapid entry of data by experienced user
 Usually connected by cable, but can be
wireless
 Standardized layout is qwerty- non-
alphanumeric keys are placed differently
 Alphabetic keyboards-, not faster for
trained typist and beginners
 Dvorak keyboards- common letters under
dominant fingers and it is biased towards
right hand.
 Special keyboards e.g. the maltron left-
handed keyboard
 THE MOUSE
• HAND-HELD POINTING DEVICE
• PLANAR MOVEMENT AND BUTTON
• CONNECTED TO CABLE OR WIRELESS
 TOUCHPAD
• USED MAINLY IN LAPTOP COMPUTERS
• IT IS A SMALL TOUCH SENSITIVE TABLET
• “STROKE” TO MOVE POINTER-
i. Fast stroke-Lots of pixels per inch moved for initial movement to the target
ii. Slow stroke- Less pixels per inch for accurate positioning.
 TRACKBALL AND THUMBWHEELS
TRACKBALL
 THE BALL IS ROTATED INSIDE A STATIC
HOUSING. IT IS LIKE AN UPSIDE-DOWN
MOUSE
 VERY FAST FOR GAMING AND USED IN
SOME PORTABLE AND NOTEBOOK
COMPUTERS
THUMBWHEELS
 FOR ACCURATE CAD I.E 2 DIALS FOR X-Y
CURSOR POSITION
 FOR FAST SCROLLING-SINGLE DIAL ON
THE MOUSE
 JOYSTICK
 INDIRECT: PRESSURE OF STICK=VELOCITY OF
MOVEMENT
 BUTTONS FOR SELECTION: ON TOP OR ON
FRONT LIKE A TRIGGER
 OFTEN USED FOR COMPUTER GAMES,
AIRCRAFT CONTROLS, AND 3D NAVIGATION
 DISPLAY
LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY OR MONITOR
 THE INTERACTION
The user interact with the computer using
user interfaces.
TYPES OF USER INTERFACES
 COMMON LINE INTERFACE
 MENUS
 NATURAL LANGUAGE
 QUERY DIALOGUE
 FORM-FILLS
 WINDOWS ICON MENUS
POINTERS( WIMP)
 POINT AND CLICK
 THREE-DIMENSIONAL
INTERFACES
NATURAL LANGUAAGE QUERY INTERFACES
 Familiar to use  This is the Q/A interfaces
 Uses speech recognition or  The user is led via series of
typed natural language. questions suitable for novice
users but restricted
Limitations are:: Solutions are: functionality often used in
 Vague  Try to information system.
 Ambiguous understand a
 Hard to tell subset.  Query languages e.g. SQL
 Pick on key are used to retrieve
words information from database,
requires understanding of
database structure and
language hence, requires
some expertise
✩ COMMON LINE
INTERFACE ✩ MENUS
 Way of expressing instructions  Set of visible options displayed
to the computer directly; on the screen
function keys, single  Rely on recognition, so names
character, short abbreviations, should be meaningful
whole word or a combination
 Selection made by numbers,
 Suitable for repetitive tasks
letters, arrow keys, mouse
 Better for expert users than combination(e.g. mouse +
novices accelerator).
 Offer direct access to system  Often, options are
functionality hierarchically grouped(
 Command Sensible grouping is needed)
names/abbreviations should be
meaningful.
 For example; The Unix system
 FORM-FILLS AND
SPREADSHEETS WIMP INTERFACE
 Primarily for data entry or  Default style for majority of
retrieval interactive computer
systems, especially PCs and
 Screen like paper form
desktop machines.
 Requires good design and
obvious correction facility
 Spreadsheets is a sophiscated
variation of form-filling
where grid of cells contain a
value or a formula. Formula
can involve value of other
cells.
POINT AND CLICK 3-DIMENSIONAL
INTERFACES INTERFACES
 Used in multimedia, web  Virtual reality
browser and hypertext  Ordinary window system
 Just click something ( icon,  Highlighting
text link or location on map)  Virtual affordance
 Minimal typing  Indiscriminate use (Just
confusing)
 3D WORKSPACES
 Use for extra virtual space
 Light and occlusion give
depth distance effect
 IMPACTS OF HCI
Increases productivity
Saves time
Reduces training, workshops
Brings satisfaction
Good quality and good product
Increased safety
Efficiency
Effectiveness
Usability privacy
ANY QUESTIONS?
THANKS FOR LISTENING