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MD5 is a message-digest algorithm developed by Professor Ronald L. Rivest in 1991, which produces a 128-bit fingerprint from an input message of arbitrary length. The algorithm consists of five steps: padding the message, appending its length, initializing a buffer, processing the message in 16-word blocks through four rounds of logical functions, and finally outputting the message digest. The output is a 160-bit message digest after processing all 512-bit blocks.

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4 views13 pages

Wa0010.

MD5 is a message-digest algorithm developed by Professor Ronald L. Rivest in 1991, which produces a 128-bit fingerprint from an input message of arbitrary length. The algorithm consists of five steps: padding the message, appending its length, initializing a buffer, processing the message in 16-word blocks through four rounds of logical functions, and finally outputting the message digest. The output is a 160-bit message digest after processing all 512-bit blocks.

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MD 5 (Message-digest algorithm)

Introduction
❑ MD5 algorithm was developed by Professor Ronald L.
Rivest in 1991.

❑MD5 message-digest algorithm takes as input a message


of arbitrary length and produces as output a 128-bit
"fingerprint" or "message digest" of the input

❑The MD5 algorithm is intended for digital signature


applications.
MD 5 algorithms consists of 5 steps

Step1: Append padding bits

Step2: Append length

Step3: Initialize MD buffer

Step4: Process message in 16-word blocks

Step5: Output
Step1 Append padding bits

❑ The input message is "padded" (extended) so that its length (in


bits) equals to 448 mod 512.

❑ It means the length of the padded message is 64 bits less than an


integer multiple of 512 bits. Padding is always is added, even if the
message is already of the desired length. For example, if the
message is 448 bits long, it is padded by 512 bits to a length of 960
bits.

❑ Padding is performed as follows: a single "1" bit is appended to the


message, and then "0" bits are appended so that the length in bits
of the padded message becomes congruent to 448 mod 512.
Step2 Append length

Append 64 bits representation of original


plaintext i.e., length=multiple of 512 bits
Step4 Process message in 16-word blocks

❑The heart of the algorithm is a compression algorithm that


consists of four “rounds” of processing

❑The four rounds have the similar structure, but each uses a
different primitive logical function, referred to as F, G, H,
and I in the specification.

❑Each round takes as input the current 512-bit block being


processed (Yq) and the 28-bit buffer value ABCD and
updates the contents of the buffer.
Step4 Process message in 16-word blocks
Four functions will be defined such that each function takes
an input of three 32-bit words and produces a 32-bit word
output.

• F(B,C,D) == (B∧C)∨(~B ∧ D)
• G(B,C,D) == (B ∧ D) ∨(C ∧~ D)
• H(B,C,D) == B⊕C⊕ D
• I(B,C,D) == C⊕(B ∨ ~D)

∧ AND operation
∨ OR operation
⊕ XOR operation
~ NOT operation
CVq - initial value of
the ABCD buffer

IV - initial value of the ABCD buffer


Yq -the qth 512-bit block of the message
Each round also makes use of one-fourth of a 64-element
table T[1…64], constructed from the sine function. The ith
element of T, denoted T[i], has the value equal to the
integer part of 232 × abs(sin(i)) , where I is in radians.

Xj[K] is part of message


Step5 Output

After all L 512-bit blocks have been processed, the output


from the Lth stage is the 160-bit message digest

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