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Query Processing and Optimization -Lab-PP

The document outlines a lab activity focused on database performance and optimization techniques for an e-commerce order management system. It includes steps for creating a database, inserting sample data, writing and analyzing queries, and applying optimization techniques such as indexing and query rewriting. Additionally, it provides exercises based on the AdventureWorks2019 database to further explore query optimization strategies.

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ITACHI UCHIHA
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5 views10 pages

Query Processing and Optimization -Lab-PP

The document outlines a lab activity focused on database performance and optimization techniques for an e-commerce order management system. It includes steps for creating a database, inserting sample data, writing and analyzing queries, and applying optimization techniques such as indexing and query rewriting. Additionally, it provides exercises based on the AdventureWorks2019 database to further explore query optimization strategies.

Uploaded by

ITACHI UCHIHA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 10

Advanced Database Lab-Query Processing and Optimization (Prepared By: Daniel T)

Part-I
Step-by-Step Lab Activity

Objective
- Understanding what database performance
- Demonstrating performance improvement techniques

Scenario: E-Commerce Order Management System

A new e-commerce platform needs a database to track customers, products, and


orders. We will:

1. Design the database (tables & relationships).


2. Insert sample data.
3. Write queries (some inefficient, some optimized).
4. Analyze execution plans.
5. Apply optimization techniques (indexing, query rewriting, etc.).

General Tasks:

1. Create indexes on frequently queried columns.


2. Compare query performance before and after indexing.
3. Use Execution Plan to verify improvements.

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Advanced Database Lab-Query Processing and Optimization

Step 1: Database & Table Creation

Task: Create the database and tables

-- Create the database


CREATE DATABASE ECommerceDB;
GO
USE ECommerceDB;
GO
-- Create Customers table
CREATE TABLE Customers (
CustomerID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1),
FirstName NVARCHAR(50),
LastName NVARCHAR(50),
Email NVARCHAR(100) UNIQUE,
RegistrationDate DATE
);

-- Create Products table


CREATE TABLE Products (
ProductID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1),
ProductName NVARCHAR(100),
Category NVARCHAR(50),
Price DECIMAL(10, 2),
StockQuantity INT
);

-- Create Orders table


CREATE TABLE Orders (
OrderID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1),
CustomerID INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Customers(CustomerID),
OrderDate DATETIME,
TotalAmount DECIMAL(10, 2)
);

-- Create OrderDetails table


CREATE TABLE OrderDetails (
OrderDetailID INT PRIMARY KEY IDENTITY(1,1),
OrderID INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Orders(OrderID),
ProductID INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Products(ProductID),
Quantity INT,
UnitPrice DECIMAL(10, 2)
);

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Advanced Database Lab-Query Processing and Optimization

Step 2: Insert Sample Data

Task: Populate tables with test data

-- Insert Customers
INSERT INTO Customers (FirstName, LastName, Email, RegistrationD
ate)
VALUES
('John', 'Doe', 'john.doe@example.com', '2023-01-15'),
('Jane', 'Smith', 'jane.smith@example.com', '2023-02-20'),
('Alice', 'Johnson', 'alice.j@example.com', '2023-03-10');

-- Insert Products
INSERT INTO Products (ProductName, Category, Price, StockQuantit
y)
VALUES
('Laptop', 'Electronics', 999.99, 50),
('Smartphone', 'Electronics', 699.99, 100),
('Headphones', 'Accessories', 99.99, 200);

-- Insert Orders
INSERT INTO Orders (CustomerID, OrderDate, TotalAmount)
VALUES
(1, '2023-04-01', 999.99),
(2, '2023-04-02', 799.98),
(3, '2023-04-03', 99.99);

-- Insert OrderDetails
INSERT INTO OrderDetails (OrderID, ProductID, Quantity, UnitPric
e)
VALUES
(1, 1, 1, 999.99),
(2, 2, 1, 699.99),
(2, 3, 1, 99.99),
(3, 3, 1, 99.99);

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Advanced Database Lab-Query Processing and Optimization

Step 3: Write & Analyze Queries (Before Optimization)

Query 1: Find Orders with Product Details (Inefficient)

-- Slow query (no indexes, uses scans)


SELECT
c.FirstName,
c.LastName,
o.OrderID,
o.OrderDate,
p.ProductName,
od.Quantity,
od.UnitPrice
FROM
Customers c
JOIN
Orders o ON c.CustomerID = o.CustomerID
JOIN
OrderDetails od ON o.OrderID = od.OrderID
JOIN
Products p ON od.ProductID = p.ProductID
WHERE
p.Category = 'Electronics';

Problem:

• Table scans on all joined tables.


• No indexes for WHERE p.Category = 'Electronics' .

Step 4: Optimize the Query

Solution 1: Add Indexes


-- Index on Category (speeds up WHERE clause)
CREATE INDEX IX_Products_Category ON Products(Category);

-- Index on CustomerID (speeds up JOIN)


CREATE INDEX IX_Orders_CustomerID ON Orders(CustomerID);

-- Index on OrderID (speeds up JOIN)


CREATE INDEX IX_OrderDetails_OrderID ON OrderDetails(OrderID);

-- Index on ProductID (speeds up JOIN)


CREATE INDEX IX_OrderDetails_ProductID ON OrderDetails(ProductID);

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Advanced Database Lab-Query Processing and Optimization

Solution 2: Rewrite the Query (If Needed)


-- Optimized query (uses indexes)
SELECT
c.FirstName,
c.LastName,
o.OrderID,
o.OrderDate,
p.ProductName,
od.Quantity,
od.UnitPrice
FROM
Orders o
JOIN
Customers c ON o.CustomerID = c.CustomerID
JOIN
OrderDetails od ON o.OrderID = od.OrderID
JOIN
Products p ON od.ProductID = p.ProductID
WHERE
p.Category = 'Electronics';

Improvements:

• Uses index seeks instead of scans.


• Faster JOINs due to indexed columns.

Step 5: Verify Optimization

Task: Compare Execution Plans

1. Run the original query (check for scans).


2. Run the optimized query (check for seeks).
3. Verify reduced logical reads in SSMS.

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Advanced Database Lab-Query Processing and Optimization

Step 6: Advanced Optimization (Optional)

Query 2: Aggregation Without Index (Slow)

-- Find total sales per category (slow)


SELECT
p.Category,
SUM(od.Quantity * od.UnitPrice) AS TotalSales
FROM
OrderDetails od
JOIN
Products p ON od.ProductID = p.ProductID
GROUP BY
p.Category;

Solution: Add a Covering Index

-- Covering index for aggregation


CREATE INDEX IX_OrderDetails_ProductID_Covering
ON OrderDetails(ProductID)
INCLUDE (Quantity, UnitPrice);

-- Re-run the query (now uses index)


Why It Works:
• Avoids key lookups by including all needed columns.

Step 7: Final Performance Check

Task: Use DMVs to Monitor Queries

-- Check top CPU-intensive queries


SELECT TOP 5
qs.execution_count,
qs.total_worker_time,
SUBSTRING(qt.text, (qs.statement_start_offset/2)+1,
((CASE qs.statement_end_offset
WHEN -1 THEN DATALENGTH(qt.text)
ELSE qs.statement_end_offset
END - qs.statement_start_offset)/2)+1) AS QueryText
FROM
sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs
CROSS APPLY
sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) AS qt
ORDER BY
qs.total_worker_time DESC;

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Advanced Database Lab-Query Processing and Optimization

Part-II
o Note: The Exercises below are prepared Based on the Database
AdvanureWorks2019, you can use 2014, 2016 or earlier versions of Database.
Exercise 1: Query Rewriting: Join Reordering
• Joining smaller tables first reduces intermediate result size.
• Original (large table first)
USE AdventureWorks2019
SELECT * FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader soh
JOIN Sales.SalesOrderDetail sod ON soh.SalesOrderID =
sod.SalesOrderID;
Original Execution Plan Result
o Check the cost of each Parse Tree-node and compare with the
optimized one, what did you observe?
o Check the time difference from the actual execution plan in second.
o You might observe different result based

-- Optimized (filter first, then join)


SELECT * FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail sod
JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader soh ON sod.SalesOrderID =
soh.SalesOrderID;
Optimized Execution Plan Result

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Advanced Database Lab-Query Processing and Optimization

Exercise 2: Query Rewriting: Avoiding functions on indexed columns


o Less optimal Query (can't use index on OrderDate)

SELECT SalesOrderID, OrderDate


FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader
WHERE YEAR(OrderDate) = 2011 AND MONTH(OrderDate) = 6;

Execution Plan Result

Optimized Query
SELECT SalesOrderID, OrderDate
FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader
WHERE OrderDate BETWEEN '2011-06-01' AND '2011-06-30';
Execution Plan Result from Optimized Query

--Exercise 3: Cost-Based (Index) Optimization


--Compare execution plans for:
-- Query Without index (not Optimized Query)
--Note: check if there exist an index on the Person.Person table of
Column LastName and disable it first before you execute the given
query.

SELECT * FROM Person.Person WHERE LastName =


'Smith';
Execution Plan Result from the Query without index is as shown below.
So, take a note of the result and compare its’s result with the next
query result with index.

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Advanced Database Lab-Query Processing and Optimization

o After creating an index


o Please note that first you need to disable the existing index on
LastName and FirstName by navigation to Person.Person table index.
In then create the index
CREATE INDEX IX_Person_LastName ON Person.Person(LastName);
SELECT * FROM Person.Person WHERE LastName = 'Smith';

Exercise 4: Join Optimization: Using proper join types


o The Qurty given below uses nested query too optimize the given
query, we need to use a proper join statement

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Advanced Database Lab-Query Processing and Optimization

o Please observe the result you will get by executing the two
queries and check their cost difference.

SELECT p.Name, p.ListPrice


FROM Production.Product p
WHERE p.ProductSubcategoryID IN (
SELECT ProductSubcategoryID
FROM Production.ProductSubcategory
WHERE Name = 'Mountain Bikes'
);
o Optimized Query (Run the Queries Sequentially and Observe their
Execution Plan
o Optimized with JOIN
SELECT p.Name, p.ListPrice
FROM Production.Product p
JOIN Production.ProductSubcategory ps
ON p.ProductSubcategoryID = ps.ProductSubcategoryID
WHERE ps.Name = 'Mountain Bikes';

10 | P a g e

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