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Hydraulic

The document provides an overview of hydraulic and pneumatic systems, defining key terms and components for each system. Hydraulic systems use incompressible liquids to transmit power, while pneumatic systems utilize compressible gases. It also outlines the types, applications, and advantages/disadvantages of both systems.

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8 views6 pages

Hydraulic

The document provides an overview of hydraulic and pneumatic systems, defining key terms and components for each system. Hydraulic systems use incompressible liquids to transmit power, while pneumatic systems utilize compressible gases. It also outlines the types, applications, and advantages/disadvantages of both systems.

Uploaded by

Gideon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here’s a more

definitions, detailed yettypes,


components, still summarized note on Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems, including
and comparisons:

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1. Basic Terms

Fluid Power: Technology that uses fluids (liquid or gas) to transmit and control power.

Actuator: A mechanical device that converts fluid power into motion (linear or rotary).

Pump/Compressor: A machine that moves fluid (hydraulic = pump; pneumatic = compressor).

Valve: A device that directs, controls, or regulates fluid flow.

Cylinder: An actuator that produces linear motion using fluid pressure.

Reservoir: A container for storing hydraulic fluid or compressed air.

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2. Definition of Systems

Hydraulic System

A hydraulic
one locationsystem uses incompressible liquid fluid (usually oil) under pressure to transmit power from
to another.

Pneumatic System
A pneumatic
perform system uses compressed air or other gases, which are compressible, to transfer energy and
work.

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3. Components

Hydraulic System Components

1. Reservoir – Stores hydraulic fluid.

2. Pump – Draws fluid from the reservoir and pressurizes it.

3. Actuator (Hydraulic Cylinder/Motor) – Converts fluid energy into mechanical motion.

4. Control
(flow Valves – Direct flow (directional control), regulate pressure (pressure relief), and flow rate
control).

5. Filter – Removes contaminants from fluid.

6. Pipes/Hoses – Transport fluid within the system.

7. Accumulator (optional) – Stores pressurized fluid for sudden demands.


Pneumatic System Components

1. Compressor – Compresses atmospheric air.

2. Air Receiver Tank – Stores compressed air.

3. FRL Unit – Filters, regulates, and lubricates the air.

4. Actuator (Air Cylinder/Motor) – Performs mechanical work.

5. Control Valves – Direct, regulate, or shut off airflow.

6. Pipes/Hoses – Carry compressed air.

7. Silencer/Muffler – Reduces noise from air exhaust.

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4. Types of Systems

Hydraulic System Types


1. Open-loop:

Fluid returns to the reservoir after use.

Simpler and used where precise control isn't critical.

2. Closed-loop:

Fluid is continuously circulated between pump and actuator.

Offers precise control, used in heavy-duty equipment.

Pneumatic System Types

1. Single-acting Cylinder:

Air pressure moves the piston in one direction; spring returns it.

2. Double-acting Cylinder:

Air pressure moves the piston in both directions (in and out).
3. Vacuum System:

Uses negative pressure (vacuum) for gripping or lifting (e.g., in robotics).

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5. Applications

Hydraulic Systems

Excavators, cranes, bulldozers

Car brakes and lifts

Aircraft controls (landing gear, flaps)

Industrial presses and clamping systems

Pneumatic Systems

Packaging and automation equipment

Dental drills, air hammers

Robotics (grippers, pick-and-place arms)


Conveyors and material handling

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6. Advantages & Disadvantages

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7. Comparison Summary

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