Rapid Fire .

NET Interview Questions (Fresher Level)

1. What is .NET?
Answer: .NET is a free, open-source developer platform created by Microsoft for building many types of applications.

2. What is CLR?
Answer: CLR (Common Language Runtime) manages the execution of .NET programs.

3. What is CTS?
Answer: CTS (Common Type System) defines how types are declared, used, and managed in the runtime.

4. What is CLS?
Answer: CLS (Common Language Specification) is a set of base rules that .NET languages must follow to ensure
interoperability.

5. What is the difference between value type and reference type?

Answer: Value types store data directly; reference types store the address of the data.

6. What is a class?
Answer: A class is a blueprint to create objects in OOP.

7. What is an object?
Answer: An object is an instance of a class.

8. What is a struct?
Answer: A struct is a value type that is used to encapsulate small groups of related variables.

9. What is the Main method?

Answer: It is the entry point of a C# console application.

10. What is an interface?

Answer: An interface defines a contract with no implementation.

11. What is inheritance?

Answer: Inheritance allows one class to acquire properties and methods of another.
 Rapid Fire .NET Interview Questions (Fresher Level)

12. What is polymorphism?

Answer: Polymorphism allows methods to do different things based on the object it is acting upon.

13. What is encapsulation?

Answer: Encapsulation is the concept of hiding the internal details and showing only functionality.

14. What is abstraction?

Answer: Abstraction hides complexity by providing a simplified interface.

15. What is method overloading?

Answer: Method overloading is defining multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.

16. What is method overriding?

Answer: Method overriding allows a subclass to provide a specific implementation of a method already defined in its
superclass.

17. What is a constructor?

Answer: A constructor is a method that gets called when an object is created.

18. What is a destructor?

Answer: A destructor is used to perform cleanup before the object is reclaimed by garbage collection.

19. What is the difference between abstract class and interface?

Answer: Abstract classes can have implementation; interfaces cannot.

20. What is static keyword?

Answer: Static defines members that are shared across all instances of a class.

21. What is the difference between const and readonly?

Answer: Const is evaluated at compile time, readonly at runtime.

22. What is a delegate?

Answer: A delegate is a type-safe function pointer.
 Rapid Fire .NET Interview Questions (Fresher Level)

23. What is an event?

Answer: An event is a message sent by an object to signal the occurrence of an action.

24. What is a lambda expression?

Answer: A lambda expression is a shorthand for writing anonymous methods.

25. What is LINQ?

Answer: LINQ (Language Integrated Query) provides query capabilities directly in C#.

26. What is anonymous type?

Answer: An anonymous type is a type created without defining a class.

27. What is nullable type?

Answer: A nullable type can represent all values of its underlying type plus an additional null value.

28. What is the var keyword?

Answer: `var` is implicitly typed local variable.

29. What is dynamic type?

Answer: Dynamic types bypass compile-time type checking.

30. What is the difference between is and as operators?

Answer: `is` checks type compatibility, `as` performs safe type casting.

31. What is .NET Core?

Answer: .NET Core is a cross-platform version of .NET for building websites, services, and console apps.

32. What is the difference between .NET Framework and .NET Core?
Answer: .NET Core is cross-platform, lightweight, and modern; .NET Framework is Windows-only.

33. What is a NuGet package?

Answer: NuGet is a package manager for .NET.

34. What is dependency injection?

 Rapid Fire .NET Interview Questions (Fresher Level)
Answer: Dependency Injection is a technique to achieve Inversion of Control between classes and their dependencies.

35. What is middleware?

Answer: Middleware is software that's assembled into an app pipeline to handle requests and responses.

36. What is Kestrel?

Answer: Kestrel is a cross-platform web server for ASP.NET Core.

37. What is IConfiguration?

Answer: IConfiguration is an interface for accessing app settings from different sources.

38. What is appsettings.json?

Answer: A file used to store configuration settings in .NET Core applications.

39. What is IOptions pattern?

Answer: Used for accessing strongly typed settings in .NET Core.

40. How do you add a service to DI in .NET Core?

Answer: Use `services.AddSingleton`, `AddScoped`, or `AddTransient` in Startup.cs.

41. What is MVC?

Answer: MVC stands for Model-View-Controller, an architectural pattern.

42. What is Razor?

Answer: Razor is a markup syntax for embedding server-based code into webpages.

43. What is ViewBag vs ViewData vs TempData?

Answer: ViewBag and ViewData pass data from controller to view; TempData persists data for one request.

44. What is Web API?

Answer: A framework to build HTTP services in .NET.

45. What is routing?

Answer: Routing maps URLs to controller actions.
 Rapid Fire .NET Interview Questions (Fresher Level)

46. What is attribute routing?

Answer: Routing defined using attributes over controller methods.

47. What is model binding?

Answer: Model binding automatically maps request data to action parameters.

48. How to handle errors in Web API?

Answer: Use try-catch, filters, or middleware for error handling.

49. What is Swagger?

Answer: Swagger is a tool to document and test APIs.

50. How to secure a Web API?

Answer: Use authentication and authorization (e.g., JWT).

51. What is Entity Framework?

Answer: EF is an ORM framework for working with databases using .NET objects.

52. What is DbContext?

Answer: DbContext is the main class for interacting with the database in EF.

53. What is Code First approach?

Answer: In Code First, the model classes are defined first and the database is created from them.

54. How to apply migrations?

Answer: Use `Add-Migration` and `Update-Database` commands.

55. What is lazy loading?

Answer: Related data is loaded only when accessed.

56. What is eager loading?

Answer: Related data is loaded with the main entity using `.Include()`.

57. How do you update a record in EF?

 Rapid Fire .NET Interview Questions (Fresher Level)
Answer: Load entity, modify properties, then call `SaveChanges()`.

58. What is the difference between Add and Attach in EF?

Answer: Add marks entity as new; Attach does not mark any changes.

59. What is concurrency in EF?

Answer: Managing simultaneous updates to the same data by different users.

60. What is shadow property in EF Core?

Answer: A property not defined in the entity class but tracked by EF.

61. What is ADO.NET?

Answer: ADO.NET is a set of classes for data access in .NET.

62. What is SqlConnection?

Answer: SqlConnection represents a connection to a SQL Server database.

63. What is SqlCommand?

Answer: SqlCommand is used to execute queries and stored procedures.

64. What is SqlDataReader?

Answer: Used to read data from a data source in a forward-only manner.

65. What is DataSet?

Answer: An in-memory representation of data that can contain multiple DataTables.

66. What is DataAdapter?

Answer: Fills a DataSet and updates the data source.

67. What is ExecuteNonQuery?

Answer: Executes a command that does not return rows (like INSERT, UPDATE).

68. What is ExecuteScalar?

Answer: Executes a command and returns a single value.
 Rapid Fire .NET Interview Questions (Fresher Level)

69. How to prevent SQL injection?

Answer: Use parameterized queries.

70. What is a stored procedure?

Answer: A precompiled SQL query stored in the database.

71. What is garbage collection?

Answer: Automatic memory management that reclaims unused memory.

72. What are access modifiers in C#?

Answer: public, private, protected, internal, etc.

73. What is exception handling?

Answer: Mechanism to handle runtime errors using try-catch-finally.

74. What is try-catch-finally?

Answer: Try block handles code, catch handles exception, finally always executes.

75. What is a thread?

Answer: A thread is the smallest unit of execution.

76. What is multithreading?

Answer: Running multiple threads simultaneously.

77. What is async/await?

Answer: Used for asynchronous programming in C#.

78. What is a Task?

Answer: Represents an asynchronous operation.

79. What is a unit test?

Answer: A test that checks individual components for correctness.

80. What is mocking?

 Rapid Fire .NET Interview Questions (Fresher Level)
Answer: Creating dummy objects for testing.

81. What is Visual Studio?

Answer: An IDE for developing .NET applications.

82. What is IL code?

Answer: Intermediate Language code generated after compilation.

83. What is JIT compilation?

Answer: Just-In-Time compilation converts IL to machine code at runtime.

84. What is the GAC?

Answer: Global Assembly Cache stores shared .NET assemblies.

85. What is strong naming?

Answer: Assigning a unique name to an assembly using a public/private key pair.