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SST Holiday HW

The document is a detailed notebook-style guide for Class 10 Social Science, covering key topics from the NCERT curriculum. It includes explanations of historical events, methods of soil conservation, resource planning stages, and comparisons of cultural diversity in Belgium and Sri Lanka. Additionally, it discusses the system of checks and balances in government and the significance of Per Capita Income as an economic development indicator.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
22 views4 pages

SST Holiday HW

The document is a detailed notebook-style guide for Class 10 Social Science, covering key topics from the NCERT curriculum. It includes explanations of historical events, methods of soil conservation, resource planning stages, and comparisons of cultural diversity in Belgium and Sri Lanka. Additionally, it discusses the system of checks and balances in government and the significance of Per Capita Income as an economic development indicator.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here is a more detailed, notebook-style version of your Class 10 Social Science answers,

based entirely on NCERT curriculum, suitable for exam preparation or class submission.

📘 Social Science Notebook – Class 10

Q1. Explain any three facts about the new economic situation created in India by
the First World War.

1. Industrial Growth in India:


The British economy was focused on the war effort, so imports from Britain into India
declined. As a result, Indian industries had to meet the rising demand for goods like cloth,
metal tools, and war supplies. This led to the expansion of Indian industries, especially
in cities like Bombay and Ahmedabad.
2. Price Rise and Hardship for Common People:
The war led to an increase in military expenditure. To fund it, taxes were raised
(including customs duties and income tax), and prices of essential goods shot up. This
resulted in increased economic hardship, especially for the poor and middle class.
3. Shortages and Famines:
As British focus remained on the war front, food grain exports from India increased while
local availability decreased. This, along with droughts in certain regions, led to food
shortages and famines, and contributed to widespread discontent.

Q2. Why did Gandhi launch a protest movement using salt?

Answer:
Salt is a basic necessity of life, used by people of all economic backgrounds. The British had
placed a monopoly on the production and sale of salt and imposed a heavy tax on it, which
hurt especially the poor.

When Viceroy Irwin refused to remove the salt tax, despite Gandhi’s demand during
negotiations, Gandhi saw this as a symbol of oppression. He launched the Civil Disobedience
Movement with the Dandi March in 1930. Gandhi walked 240 km to make salt from seawater,
breaking the law and encouraging others to do the same.

Q3. Locate and label the following Indian National Congress sessions on the
political map of India:
1. Calcutta Session (Sept. 1920) – Marked in West Bengal
o Decision to launch the Non-Cooperation Movement
2. Nagpur Session (Dec. 1920) – Maharashtra
o Non-cooperation adopted as a national movement
o Membership extended to workers and peasants
3. Madras Session (1927) – Tamil Nadu
o Congress declared complete independence as the goal
4. Lahore Session (1929) – Now in Pakistan (mark in pre-1947 map)
o Purna Swaraj resolution passed
o 26 January 1930 declared as Independence Day

📍Use appropriate symbols such as ★ for session sites and label clearly.

Q4. Locate and label the following important centres of Indian National
Movement:

1. Champaran (Bihar):
o Indigo plantation movement (1917)
o Gandhi's first successful satyagraha in India
2. Kheda (Gujarat):
o Peasant Satyagraha (1918)
o Farmers could not pay tax due to crop failure
3. Ahmedabad (Gujarat):
o Cotton Mill Workers' Strike (1918)
o Gandhi mediated between workers and mill owners
4. Amritsar (Punjab):
o Site of Jallianwala Bagh massacre (1919)
o British General Dyer opened fire on a peaceful gathering
5. Chauri Chaura (U.P.):
o Violent clash in 1922
o Gandhi called off the Non-Cooperation Movement after police were killed
6. Dandi (Gujarat):
o Starting point of Salt March (1930)
o Symbolic breaking of salt law led to Civil Disobedience Movement

📍On the map, mark locations with symbols such as ⛳ or ⚑.

Q5. Mention a few methods of soil conservation.

1. Contour Ploughing:
Ploughing across the slope rather than up and down to reduce runoff and erosion.
2. Terrace Farming:
Steps are cut into hillsides to slow water runoff and conserve soil.
3. Afforestation:
Planting trees to bind the soil and prevent wind and water erosion.
4. Strip Cropping:
Alternating strips of different crops to reduce soil erosion by wind and water.
5. Shelter Belts:
Planting rows of trees along field boundaries to break wind speed and protect soil.

Q6. Explain the three stages of resource planning.

1. Identification and Inventory of Resources:


This involves mapping and surveying resources across a region, including natural,
human, and economic resources.
2. Evolving a Planning Structure:
This step includes setting up a strategy for resource development, matching resource
availability with technology and national goals.
3. Matching Resource Development Plans with Implementation:
This is the execution phase, where development plans are integrated at local, state,
and national levels, ensuring sustainable usage of resources.

Q7. Write four institutional efforts made at the global level for resource
conservation.

1. Rio Earth Summit (1992):


Adopted Agenda 21, a global plan for sustainable development.
2. Agenda 21:
An action plan by UN members to combat environmental damage and conserve
resources.
3. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP):
Coordinates environmental activities and supports countries in conserving ecosystems.
4. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN):
Works globally to promote the conservation of biodiversity and sustainable development.

Q8. What is meant by the system of ‘checks and balances’?

Answer:
The system of checks and balances is a principle in democratic governments where each
branch—legislature, executive, and judiciary—has the power to check the other two,
preventing any one branch from becoming too powerful.
Example:

 Judiciary can declare a law passed by the legislature unconstitutional.


 Legislature can remove the executive through a no-confidence motion.
 Executive implements laws but cannot make them.

Q9. Compare how the Belgians and the Sri Lankans dealt with cultural diversity.

Aspect Belgium Sri Lanka


Ethnic Dutch, French, German-speaking
Sinhala (74%), Tamils (18%)
Composition communities
Power shared among all linguistic
Power Sharing Favoured Sinhala majority
groups
Sinhala made the only official
Language Policy Recognized Dutch and French equally
language
Equal representation for minorities in Tamils faced discrimination in jobs
Representation
government and education
Civil war, ethnic tension, rise of
Outcome Peaceful, stable government
LTTE

Conclusion:
Belgium accommodated diversity through inclusive policies, while Sri Lanka’s
majoritarianism led to long-lasting ethnic conflict.

Q10. What is the most common indicator for measuring economic development
of a country?

Answer:
The most common indicator is Per Capita Income (PCI).

 Definition: Average income earned per person in a country in a year.

PCI=National IncomePopulation\text{PCI} = \frac{\text{National


Income}}{\text{Population}}

 Usage:
o Used by World Bank to classify countries (low, middle, high-income).
o Helps compare standard of living across nations.

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