Flipper?️ CheatSheet
Flipper?️ CheatSheet
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Table of Contents
Section 0: Introduction
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Section 1: Unveiling Flipper Zero
3.1 Step-by-step guides for Common Use Cases seen in the wild.
3.1.1 Capturing and replaying Sub-GHz signals such as signals from Garage
Door Remotes
3.1.2 Use the Flipper Zero as a BadUSB — Emulate a keyboard
3.1.3 RFID Fuzzing with Flipper Zero
3.1.4 Exploiting Insecure NFC Cards used with Access Controls with Flipper
Zero
3.1.5 Turn on/off or interact with Screens or HVAC Systems to Create
distractions or meet you objectives during a Red Team Engagement
3.1.6 Read, Write and Emulate DS199A, Cyfral, and Metakom protocols for
iButtons. These keys are used for access control, temperature measurements,
humidity measurements, storing cryptographic keys, etc.
3.2 Video Links with Common Flipper Zero Attacks
Section 5: Resources
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Section 0: Introduction
0.1 What Is the Flipper Zero?
Flipper Zero is a small, handheld device that combines the features of various
hardware tools into one pocket-sized gadget. It’s built primarily for interacting
with digital and radio protocols, physical access systems, and various wireless
devices. With its open-source nature and community-driven development,
Flipper Zero stands out as a tool that evolves continuously, adapting to the
latest trends and needs in the cybersecurity landscape. Flipper Zero is
primarily designed for penetration testers, security researchers, and IT
professionals, but its intuitive design makes it accessible even for hobbyists
and tech enthusiasts.
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withstand the rigors of fieldwork.
7. Battery Life: With its long-lasting battery, Flipper Zero is designed for
extended use, making it a reliable tool for on-the-go operations.
8. Legal Compliance and Ethical Use: The creators of Flipper Zero emphasize
its use within the bounds of law and ethics, making it a tool for learning
and responsible security testing.
Input Controls
You can control your Flipper Zero using a directional pad consisting of four
buttons (UP, DOWN, LEFT, and RIGHT), the OK button located in the center of
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the pad, and the BACK button positioned beside the pad.
Main Menu
The Main Menu provides access to various features, settings, and apps. To
access the Main Menu, press the OK button while on the Desktop.
Desktop
The Desktop is your digital pet’s home. It’s the place to see what your dolphin
pet is doing and how it’s feeling. You can view different indicators at the top of
the desktop, including battery level, charging status, Bluetooth connectivity,
microSD card status, and others.
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Your digital pet lives on the Desktop
Lock Menu
In the Lock Menu, you can lock your Flipper Zero with and without a PIN code,
activate Dummy Mode, and mute the device. To enter the Lock Menu, press UP
while on the Desktop.
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Dummy mode
In this mode, Flipper Zero disables most of its functions. You can customize
the controls by assigning quick-access apps of your choice to the LEFT,
RIGHT, DOWN, and OK buttons.
Archive
The Archive app lets you quickly access and manage saved tags, keys, remotes,
payloads, and other apps.
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Easily access your tags, keys, and remotes from the Desktop
Favorite Apps
The Favorite App feature allows you to set up to 4 apps for quick access directly
from the Desktop. After that, you will not need to look for them in the Main
Menu whenever you want to run them.
Access your favorite apps by pressing the LEFT and RIGHT buttons while on the Desktop
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Initial Setup
Flipper Zero does not come with a microSD card and it also cannot operate
without one. So, you’ll need to purchase one seperately.
For a quick start I would recommend connecting Flipper Zero with your
mobile device via Bluetooth and Update it via the Flipper Mobile App
https://docs.flipper.net/mobile-app
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You can update your Flipper Zero via the Flipper Mobile App
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Section 2: Basic Functionality and Maintenance
2.1 Exploring Basic Functions
Sub-GHz
https://docs.flipper.net/sub-ghz
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Sub-GHz
The built-in module of Flipper Zero allows it to transmit and receive radio
frequencies between 300 and 928 MHz. This capability enables it to read,
store, and replicate remote controls. Such functionality is crucial for
interacting with various devices like gates, barriers, radio-controlled locks,
remote switches, wireless doorbells, and smart lighting systems. By using
Flipper Zero, you can assess the robustness of your security systems, gaining
insights into potential vulnerabilities.
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Sub-GHz hardware
Flipper Zero has a built-in sub-1 GHz module based on a CC1101 transceiver and a
radio antenna (the maximum range is 50 meters). Both the CC1101 chip and the
antenna are designed to operate at frequencies in the 300–348 MHz, 387–464 MHz,
and 779–928 MHz bands.
Flipper Zero is equipped with support for low-frequency (LF) radio frequency
identification (RFID) technology, commonly utilized in systems for access
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control, animal identification, and supply chain management. LF RFID
technology, which is generally found in items like plastic cards, key fobs, tags,
wristbands, and animal microchips, typically offers lower security levels
compared to NFC cards. The device includes a LF RFID module, enabling it to
perform functions such as reading, storing, emulating, and writing to LF RFID
cards.
Flipper Zero has a built-in RFID support with a low-frequency antenna located
at the back of Flipper Zero. The STM32WB55 microcontroller unit is used for
the 125 kHz RFID functionality.
The low-frequency 125 kHz antenna is placed on the Dual Band RFID antenna
next to the high-frequency 13.56 MHz antenna.
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Dual Band RFID antenna
NFC
https://docs.flipper.net/nfc
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transportation, access control cards or tags, and digital business cards. These
cards often involve intricate protocols and provide features like encryption,
authentication, and comprehensive two-way data exchange. The device
incorporates a built-in NFC module operating at 13.56 MHz, which allows it to
read, store, and replicate NFC cards.
Flipper Zero has a built-in NFC module based on a ST25R3916 NFC chip and a
13.56 MHz high-frequency antenna. The chip is used for high-frequency
protocols and is responsible for reading and emulation of cards.
Infrared
https://docs.flipper.net/infrared
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Flipper Zero is capable of interfacing with devices that communicate via
infrared (IR) light, such as televisions, air conditioners, and multimedia
systems. Thanks to its integrated infrared module, the device can capture and
store signals from infrared remotes, enabling it to function as a universal
remote to control various devices.
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Flipper Zero serves as a versatile tool for hardware exploration, firmware
flashing, debugging, and fuzzing. It can be linked to other hardware through
its integrated GPIO pins, allowing you to manage hardware using its buttons,
execute your custom code, and display debug messages on its screen.
Additionally, Flipper Zero can function as a converter for USB to
UART/SPI/I2C interfaces.
Flipper Zero has 18 pins on the top side, consisting of power supply pins and
I/O pins. Power supply pins can be used to power your external modules.
Input/output (I/O) pins are +3.3 V tolerant for input and output. For more
information, see 3.3 V and 5 V tolerance.
I/O pins connect external modules to the I/O pins of the STM32WB55
microcontroller through 51 Ohm resistors. All pins are electrostatic discharge
(ESD) protected. For information on the basic functionality of Flipper Zero
pins, see the picture below.
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Flipper Zero’s pins
Note: If your Flipper Zero is in a silicone case, insert the module all the way in, so
there is no gap in the middle between the silicone case and the module.
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iButton
https://docs.flipper.net/ibutton
Flipper Zero has a built-in iButton module consisting of an iButton pad and
three spring-loaded pogo pins that are located on the iButton PCB.
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iButton module’s pins
Two pins are assigned to data transfer and have output to the GPIO pin 17. The
remaining middle pin is ground.
The flat part of the pad allows connecting an iButton key (Slave) with Flipper
Zero (Master). The left data pin and the middle ground pin are used for
reading and writing iButton keys.
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Pins used for reading and writing
The protruding part of the pad allows connecting Flipper Zero (Slave) with an
iButton reader (Master). The right data pin and the middle ground pin are used
for emulation of iButton keys.
Bad USB
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https://docs.flipper.net/bad-usb
Before using your Flipper Zero as a BadUSB device, you need to write a
payload in the .txt format in any common ASCII text editor using the scripting
language. Flipper Zero can execute extended Rubber Ducky script syntax. The
syntax is compatible with the classic Rubber Ducky Scripting Language 1.0 but
provides additional commands and features, such as the ALT+Numpad input
method, SysRq command, and more.
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Both \n and \r\n line endings are supported. Empty lines are allowed, as well
as spaces or tabs for line indentation. The Bad USB application can execute
only scripts in the .txt format. No compilation is required.
Once the payload is created, you can upload it to your Flipper Zero via qFlipper
or Flipper Mobile App to the SD Card/badusb/ folder. The new payloads will be
available in the Bad USB application.
Note: When uploading, files with the same names will be overwritten without
warning.
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Flipper Zero can act as a USB universal 2nd-factor (U2F) authentication token
or security key that can be used as the second authentication factor when
signing in to web accounts. A security key is a small device that helps
computers verify that it is you when signing in to an account. The use of this
feature increases the security of your accounts.
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Note: Do not delete, edit, or move U2F files to another Flipper Zero
Each Flipper Zero has a unique cryptographic key that generates unique encrypted
U2F files. If you reinsert your microSD card with U2F files into another Flipper
Zero, you’ll not be able to sign in to your web accounts with the new device.
If you delete U2F files, edit U2F files, or insert a new microSD card into your Flipper
Zero, the device will generate a new set of U2F files. In this case, you’ll be required to
re-register Flipper Zero as a security key in all of your web accounts.
If you delete the u2f/assets folder or the u2f folder entirely, your Flipper Zero will
not be able to use the U2F application, as the assets folder contains the cryptographic
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certificate that is used for registration and authentication. You can restore this
folder by updating your Flipper Zero’s firmware.
Apps
https://docs.flipper.net/apps
The Apps catalog is a collection of tools and games created by the Flipper Zero
community. This diverse range of apps enhances the functionality of Flipper
Zero, making the user experience with the device even more gamified and
enjoyable.
Access to the Apps catalog is available through the Flipper Mobile App and
Flipper Lab, which are compatible with Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, and
other Chromium-based browsers that support the Web Serial API.
3.1.1 Capturing and replaying Sub-GHz signals such as signals from Garage Door
Remotes
Reference: Derek Jamison’s YouTube Channel —
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https://www.youtube.com/@MrDerekJamison
IMPORTANT DISCLAIMER:
- Never bypass an access control or unlock anything you do not own or have not
given permission from the owner to access or unlock.
- Never try to fuzz or replay signals to devices that are in use or that you rely on.
- Please don’t try this guide on car keyfobs that you rely on because you risk
desynchronizing your key, or damaging the receiver and ending up paying a lot of
money to restore it.
3. Go to “Read Raw” option and push the LEFT button to edit the
configuration.
4. Set the frequency to 433.92 Mhz. Note: this is the closest option to the
“433.88MHz” result we got from the “Frequency Analyzer”, don’t expect to
find an exact match from the frequency analyzer.
7. Press REC and then press the button from your remote.
8. Press Stop.
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9. Press RIGHT button to Save the recording and give it a name.
10. Navigate to “Saved” Signals. Choose the one you named in the previous
step.
11. Go near to the your Garage Door and press SEND button.
12. Enjoy!
3. Remember that each captured signal will only work once with the receiver
on your Garage Door.
https://github.com/Zarcolio/flipperzero
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G9wTr5EOxpU
https://github.com/FalsePhilosopher/badusb
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https://www.reddit.com/r/FlipperZeroDev/comments/zxcy84/badusb_paylo
ads/
https://github.com/aleff-github/my-flipper-shits/
1. Install the RFID phaser app from the app store onto your Flipper Zero
device.
5. Configure two critical values in the app. Time Delay (TD): The idle time
between UID submissions. Emulation Time (EMT): The transmission time
of one UID. For the example in the video, set TD to 0.4 and EMT to 0.5.
6. Select the mode of operation within the app. Options include: Default
values (using the app’s dictionary), BF Customer ID (iterates over selected
byte), Load file (from Flipper format key file), Load custom IDs (from SD
card).
8. Observe the system’s response to the fuzzing. Look for any irregularities or
unexpected behaviors.
10. Experiment with different cards (right and wrong) to test the system’s
reaction.
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11. Finish the batch of tests and check if the system’s state has changed.
3.1.4 Exploiting Insecure NFC Cards used with Access Controls with Flipper Zero
Reference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZMU4kPJ_zQ
Gear:
Gather different types of NFC cards/tags: an official UniFi Access NFC card, a
UV key, and a cheap NTAG 215 tag.
Process:
1. On your Flipper Zero, navigate to the NFC function and select ‘Read’.
2. Test reading the official UniFi Access card. Note that it reads as an
unknown ISO tag, displaying the UID.
3. Try to emulate the UID of the official UniFi card and the UV key using
Flipper Zero.
4. Observe that the system does not respond to these emulations, indicating a
level of security.
5. Read the NTAG 215 tag using Flipper Zero, which identifies it correctly.
7. Test this emulation with the UniFi Access system and observe that it grants
access.
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3.1.5 Turn on/off or interact with Screens or HVAC Systems to Create distractions or
meet you objectives during a Red Team Engagement
Objective:
The primary goal in a red team exercise might be to test the physical security
measures, response protocols, and the overall resilience of an organization
against intrusion or security breaches. By interacting with screens or HVAC
systems, a red team can assess how staff respond to unexpected changes or
distractions, and how quickly they can identify and rectify such situations.
Digital Signage and Monitors: Many modern offices and facilities use
digital signage or monitors for information display, alerts, or
advertisements. Flipper Zero, with its ability to transmit various signals
(like infrared), can be used to change the content being displayed, switch
screens on or off, or otherwise manipulate these devices.
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unexpected changes in the environment. This could be crucial in
understanding the preparedness of the facility management team and the
effectiveness of their response strategies.
Scenario Execution:
The red team would use Flipper Zero to identify and interact with the
signal systems of screens and HVAC controls.
Once access is gained, they would execute predefined actions like turning
off screens, displaying alternative content, or adjusting HVAC settings.
The team would then observe and record how the staff and security
personnel react to these changes. Do they investigate the issue? How long
does it take them to respond? Do they follow established protocols?
3.1.6 Read, Write and Emulate DS199A, Cyfral, and Metakom protocols for iButtons.
These keys are used for access control, temperature measurements, humidity
measurements, storing cryptographic keys, etc.
Reference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q8CFM4_mgS0
Select ‘Read’ and bring the iButton into contact with the two captors on the
back of the Flipper Zero.
Ensure one captor touches the side and the other the middle part of the
iButton.
After reading, press ‘More’ for additional options and select ‘Save’ to store
the iButton data.
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Step 3: Emulating an iButton
Choose the ‘Emulate’ function to make Flipper Zero act as the iButton.
Keep the captors in direct contact with the iButton reader during
emulation.
For each dump, you have options to emulate, write, edit, delete, or get
more information.
Example 1 (Read and Save): Read an iButton, save the dump, name it for
later emulation or copying.
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Example 2 (Emulate iButton): Either read an iButton and emulate it or use
a saved dump for emulation.
Example 3 (Copy iButton): Open a saved dump, select ‘Write,’ and copy the
data onto a writable iButton.
Advanced iButton Use Case Scenario — Emulate and Bruteforce Dallas iButton
DS1990A
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Section 4: Extending Functionality
4.1 Customizing the Firmware of Flipper Zero
Two of the most popular and feature-rich firmware are the following:
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https://github.com/SequoiaSan/FlipperZero-Wifi-ESP8266-Deauther-
Module
7. Modules and Cases: There are several 3D printable cases and modules
available for Flipper Zero, enhancing its functionality and customization.
Examples include the Ultimate Flipper Zero Case, FlipperZero-Hardware
3D-Printable cases, WiFi Scanner Module, and WiFi Deauther Module
Flasher.
8. Off-device & Debugging Tools: Various tools and scripts are available for
managing Flipper Zero animations, converting file formats, and debugging
applications. These include the Official Web Interface, csv2ir script,
Marauder for Wifi Dev Board, and Flipper File Toolbox.
Section 5: Resources
5.1 References and Additional Resources
Flipper Zero Documentation
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HackTricks, https://book.hacktricks.xyz/todo/radio-hacking/flipper-zero
Reddit, https://www.reddit.com/r/flipperzero/
Discord, https://discord.com/invite/y5E5m8jbgb
Technology
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