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Fundamentals of Programming Notes

The document outlines the fundamentals of programming languages, focusing on C programming across five units. Topics include program design tools, operators, control flow, arrays, strings, user-defined functions, and structures, with practical case studies for each unit. It serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding the essential concepts and applications of C programming.

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7 views

Fundamentals of Programming Notes

The document outlines the fundamentals of programming languages, focusing on C programming across five units. Topics include program design tools, operators, control flow, arrays, strings, user-defined functions, and structures, with practical case studies for each unit. It serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding the essential concepts and applications of C programming.

Uploaded by

rathodashwini325
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fundamentals of Programming Language - Notes

Unit 1: Program Planning and C Programming

Topics:

- Program Design Tools: Introduction to programming using Algorithms and Flowcharts.

- Overview of C: History, importance, and basic elements of C programming.

- Character Set: Letters, digits, and special symbols used in C.

- C Tokens: Keywords, Identifiers, Constants, Variables, and Data Types.

- Variable Declaration: How to declare and assign values to variables.

- Storage Class: Understanding auto, static, extern, and register storage classes.

- Symbolic Constants: Defining constants and volatile variables.

- Case Studies: Compilation process, debugging techniques, and practical examples.

Unit 2: Operators and Expressions

Topics:

- Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Assignment, Increment/Decrement, Conditional, and Bitwise

Operators.

- Special Operators: sizeof, comma, and pointer operators.

- Arithmetic Expressions: Evaluation, operator precedence, and associativity.

- Mathematical Functions: Commonly used math functions in C.

- Case Studies: Study of infix, prefix, and postfix expressions.

Unit 3: Control Flow

Topics:

- Decision Making and Branching: if, if-else, nested if-else, switch statements.

- Decision Making and Looping: while, do-while, for loops, break, and continue statements.
- Case Studies: Design a simple calculator and generate a calendar.

Unit 4: Arrays and Strings

Topics:

- Arrays: Declaration and initialization of one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays.

- Character Arrays and Strings: Declaration, initialization, reading, writing, concatenation, and

comparison.

- String Handling Functions: Introduction to common string functions in C.

- Case Studies: Examples of array operations and string manipulations.

Unit 5: User-Defined Functions and Structures

Topics:

- User-Defined Functions: Definition, declaration, categories, and recursion.

- Structures: Declaration, initialization, and accessing members of structures.

- Case Studies: Tower of Hanoi and generating monthly balance sheets.

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