LESSON PLAN

ON
STRUCTURE OF PANCREAS.

Submitted to : Submitted by :
K.HIMAJA,
INTERNAL EXAMINER : M.sc nursing 1st year
Narayana college of nursing
Nellore.

Date of submission:
Name of the institution : Narayana college of nursing
Programme : B.SC Nursing
Subject : Anatomy
Unit : V
Topic : Structure of Pancreas
Group : Ist year B.SC Nursing Students
Date :
Duration : 45 mints
Venue :
Total no of students : 40 students
Time :
Method of teaching : Lecture cum discussion ; BRICS2
AV aids : White board ( Introduction), Roller board( General structure & parts of pancreas), Leaflets
(head,neck,body& tail), LCD, Power point and chart(Functions of pancreas), handouts and leaflets( Disorders of pancreas).

Previous knowledge of the student : students may already have some knowledge regarding pancreas in intermediate and school education.

Name of the student teacher : K. Himaja.

Name of the Evaluator : Prof. vijji.
GENERAL OBJECTIVE :

The students will be able to gain in-depth knowledge regarding structure of pancreas and identifying the problems related to skin and
will apply the knowledge in identifying the disease, to develop the desirable attitude and acquire skills to practice at different health care
settings.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES :

At the end of the class, the student will be able to,

 Brief about Structure of pancreas.

 List about parts of pancreas.
 Enlist the cells of pancreas.
 Tell about head of pancreas.
 explain about neck and body of pancreas.
 discuss about tail of pancreas.
 describe the ducts of pancreas.
 state about endocrine and exocrine of pancreas.
 Enumerate the functions of pancreas.
 Identify disorders of pancreas.
S.N TIM SPECIFIC TEACHERS LEARNER A.V. EVALUATI
O E OBJECTIVE CONTENT ACTIVITY S AIDS ON
S ACTIVITY

BRINGING BACK TO THE STUDY Lecture Listening White

1 2min To Introduce
method board.
the topic to INTRODUCTION :
the students The pancreas is an organ located in the abdomen. It plays an essential
role in converting the food we eat into fuel for the body's cells. The
pancreas has two main functions: an exocrine function that helps in
digestion and an endocrine function that regulates blood sugar.

BLOCK BASED LEARNING

Block based learning is a dedicated learning of one subject at a time;
focuses on more immersed learning. For ex teaching learning activity is
prepared for one topic in one unit.
Programme: B.Sc(N)
Subject: anatomy
Topic: structure of pancreas.
Unit- V.

STRUCTURE OF PANCREAS :
2 5min Student will
The pancreas is an organ located in the abdomen. It plays an essential Teaching Active Model/ Tell about
be able to role in converting the food we eat into fuel for the body's cells Method listening chart structure of
and pancreas?
brief about
The pancreas (pan= all , kreas = flesh) is a gland that is partly exocrine participatio
structure of and partly endocrine. The exocrine part secretes the digestive pancreatic n
juice, and the endocrine part secretes hormones, eg. Insulin. It is soft,
pancreas
lobulated and elongated organ.
 LOCATION

The pancreas lies more or less transversely across the posterior

abdominal wall, at the level of first and second lumbar vertebrae.

SIZE AND SHAPE

It is J – shaped or retort shaped, set obliquely.

The bowl of the retort represents its head , and the stem of the retort , its
neck , body and tail.

It is about 15-20 cm long 2.5-3.8 cm broad and 1.2-1.8 cm thick and

weighs about 90 g
Teaching Active Enlist the
3 1min Student will CELLS OF PANCREAS:
method listening LCD cells of
be able to
pancreas?
enlist about
cells of
The normal human pancreas contains about 1 million islets.
pancreas. The islets consist of four distinct cell types, of which three
(alpha, beta, and delta cells) produce important hormones; the
fourth component (C cells) has no known function.
 PARTS OF PANCREAS :- Lecture cum Listening Leaflet What are the
4 1Min Student will Discussion . s& parts of
be able to list There are four main parts: power pancreas?
about parts of point
pancreas. *The head

*The body

*The neck

*The tail.

Listening
Student will Lecture and making Power tell about
be able to tell Head of the pancreas : method notes point head of
5 5Min  Head is the enlarged flattened right end of the pancreas, situated
about head of and pancreas?
pancreas within the curve of duodenum. handou
  The head has three borders : superior, inferior and right lateral. ts
 It has two surfaces: anterior and posterior
 It has one process called the uncinate process, which projects
from the lower and left part of the head towards left.
 Three boarders The superior border is overlapped by the first
part of the duodenum and is related to the superior pancreatic
duodenal artery.
 The inferior border is related to the third part of the duodenum
and to the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery.
 The right lateral border is related to the second part of the
duodenum, the terminal part of the bile duct and the anastomosis
between the two pancreatic duodenal arteries.
Two surfaces of head :
 The anterior surface :-
is related , from above downwards to the gastroduodenal artery,
the tranverse colon, the jejunum which separated from it by
peritonium.
 The posterior surface :-
is related to the inferior vena cava, the terminal parts of the renal
vein , the right curs of the diaphragm ,the bile duct Head of the
pancreas.
Uncinate pancreas
 It is related anteriorly to the superior mesenteric vessels and
posteriorly to the aorta. And to head of the pancreas
Neck of pancreas : Listening tell about
Student will  This is the slightly constricted part of the pancreas between its Lecture and making Power neck and
6 5min
be able to tell head and body method notes point body of
about neck  It is directed forwards, upwards and to the left. and pancreas?
and body of  It has two surfaces, anterior and posterior. handou
pancreas Body of the pancreas : ts
 The body of the pancreas is elongated.
 It extends from its neck to the tail.
 It passes towards the left with a slight upward and backward
inclination.
 It has 3 borders, 3 surfaces
 Three borders :-
The anterior border :- provides attachment to the root of the
 transverse mesocolon.
The superior border :- is related to coeliac trunk over the tuber
omentale, the hepatic artery to the right ,and the splenic artery to
the left.
The inferior border :- is related to the superior mesenteric
vessels at its right end. Body of the pancreas

 Three surfaces :
The anterior surface - is concave and is directed forwards and
upwards.
It is covered by peritonium, and is related to the lesser sac and to
the stomach
The posterior surface :- is devoid of peritonium, and is related to
-aorta with the origin of the superior mesenteric artery, the left
crus of the diaphragm -the left suprarenal gland The left kidney
Body of the pancreas
The inferior surface :- is covered by peritonium, and is related to
the duodenojejunal flexure, coils of jejunum and left colic
flexure. Listening tell about
Tail of pancreas : Lecture cum and making Power neck and
Student will o This is the narrow left end of the pancreas . discussion notes point body of
7 2min be able to o It lies in the lienorenal ligament together with the splenic method pancreas?
discuss about vessels.
tail of o It comes into contact with the lower part of the gastric surface of
pancreas the spleen.

Ducts of the pancreas

8 2min  The exocrine pancreas is drained by two ducts:- Teaching Listening Describe the
Student will  The main pancreatic duct (duct of wirsung) method and making handou ducts o
be able to  the accessory pancreatic duct( duct of santorini) notes ts pancreas?
describe The main pancreatic duct (duct of wirsung) :-
about ducts It lies near the posterior surface of the pancreas and is recognised easily
of pancreas by its white colour.
With in the head of the pancreas the pancreatic duct is related to the bile
duct which lies on its right side.
The two ducts enter the wall of the second part of the duodenum , and
join to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla of vater .
 The accessory pancreatic duct( duct of santorini) :-
It begins in the lower Part of the head , crosses the front of the main
duct with which it communicates an opens into the duodenum at the
minor duodenal papilla.

Blood supply of pancreas :

Arterial supply Active List he
Enumerate pancreatic branches of the splenic artery Lecture listening leaflets blood and
3mts
the blood the superior pancreaticoduiodenal artery method lymphatic
supply an the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery. supply of
lymphatic Arterial Supply of Pancreas pancreas?
supply of Venous Drainage of Pancreas
pancreas Vein drain into splenic, superior mesenteric and portal veins
Lymphatic drainage
 Rich periacinar network that drain into 5 nodal groups –
Superior nodes – Anterior nodes – Inferior nodes – Posterior PD
nodes – Splenic nodes

Student will THE PANCREAS IS BOTH AN EXOCRINE AND ENDOCRINE Active What are
9 5min
be able to PANCREAS Teaching listening Leaflet exocrine and
discuss the cum and s endocrine
exocrine and THE EXOCRINE PANCREAS Discussion participatio pancreas?
endocrine method n
pancreas  This consists of a large number of lobules made up of small
 acini, the walls of which consist of secretory cells.
 Each lobule is drained by a tiny duct and these unite eventually
to form the pancreatic duct, which extends the whole length of
the gland and opens into the duodenum.
 The function of the exocrine pancreas is to produce pancreatic
juice containing enzymes that digest carbohydrates , proteins
and fats
 As in the alimentary tract, parasympathetic stimulation increases
the secretion of pancreatic juice and sympathetic stimulation
depress it.
The endocrine pancreas
 Distributed throughout the gland are groups of specialised cells
called the pancreatic islets (islets of langerhans).
 The islets have no ducts so the hormones diffuse directly into
the blood.
 The endocrine pancreas secretes the hormones insulin and
glucagon, which are principally concerned with control of blood
glucose levels.
 Production of Pancreatic Hormones by Three Cell Types 
Alpha cells produce glucagon.  Beta cells produce insulin.
 Delta cells produce somatostatin.

Functions of the pancreas :-

10 5min
Student will
 A healthy pancreas produces the correct chemicals in the proper Lecture Listening Hando Enlist the
be able to
quantities, at the right times, to digest the foods we eat. method uts functions of
brief about
pancreas?
functions of
pancreas.
Exocrine Function:
The pancreas contains exocrine glands that
produce enzymes important to digestion.
These enzymes include trypsin and chymotrypsin to digest
proteins; amylase for the digestion of carbohydrates; and lipase
to break down fats.
When food enters the stomach, these pancreatic juices are
released into a system of ducts that culminate in the
 main pancreatic duct.
The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct to form
the ampulla of Vater which is located at the first portion of the
small intestine, called the duodenum.
The common bile duct originates in the liver and
the gallbladder and produces another important digestive juice
called bile.
The pancreatic juices and bile that are released into the
duodenum, help the body to digest fats, carbohydrates, and
proteins.

Endocrine Function:
 The endocrine component of the pancreas consists of islet cells
(islets of Langerhans) that create and release
important hormones directly into the bloodstream.
 Two of the main pancreatic hormones are insulin, which acts to
lower blood sugar, and glucagon, which acts to raise blood
sugar.
 Maintaining proper blood sugar levels is crucial to the
functioning of key organs including the brain, liver, and
kidneys.

Diseases of the Pancreas

 Disorders affecting the pancreas include pancreatitis,
precancerous conditions such as PanIN and IPMN, and
pancreatic cancer.
 Each disorder may exhibit different symptoms and requires
different treatments.

Pancreatitis
 Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas that occurs when Enumerate
pancreatic enzyme secretions build up and begin to digest the
 organ itself. It can occur as acute painful attacks lasting a matter
of days, or it may be a chronic condition that progresses over a Teaching Attentive Pamphl the
11 2min
period of years. method Listening ets, pancreatic
Student will leaf disorders?
be able to lets
list about Pancreatic Cancer
disorders of  The most common form of pancreatic cancer is pancreatic
pancreas. adenocarcinoma, an exocrine tumor arising from the cells lining
the pancreatic duct.
 A far less common form, endocrine tumors, account for less
than 5% of all pancreatic tumors and are sometimes referred to
as neuroendocrine or islet cell tumors.

Reflective learning:
1. Shape of pancreas is --------------?

2. Cells of pancreas ----------------?

3. Arperial supply of pancreas ------------- ?
4. One of disease of pancreas is -----------?
5. Pancreas is both ------------?
Research based learning:

Systematic literature review to identify methods for treating and

preventing bacterial skin infections in Indigenous children by Smriti
Nepal , Susan L Thomas.
ABSTRACT: The study was undertaken to perform a multiinstutional
retro spective study of 398 cases regarding carcinomas of pancreas .

OBJECTIVES: To review the features of patients with benign and

malignant cystadenomas of the pancreas, focusing on preoperative
diagnostic accuracy and long-term outcome, especially for nonoperated
serous cystadenomas and resected cystadenocarcinomas.
SUMMARY: Serous cystadenomas (SCAs) are benign tumors.
Mucinous cystic neoplasms should be resected because of the risk of
malignant progression. A correct preoperative diagnosis of tumor type
is based on morphologic criteria. Despite the high quality of recent
imaging procedures, the diagnosis frequently remains uncertain.
Invasive investigations such as endosonography and diagnostic
aspiration of cystic fluid may be helpful, but their assessment is limited
to small series. The management of typical SCA may require resection
or observation. Survival after pancreatic resection seems better for
cystadenocarcinomas (MCACs) than for ductal adenocarcinomas of the
pancreas.
CONCLUSION: There is still considerable controversy about the
treatment of cystadenomas of the pancreas. Most authors recommend
resection whenever possible because of the difficulty in determining
which tumors are malignant or potentially malignant, whereas others
consider that asymptomatic SCAs can be observed safely for
years. However, making the correct preoperative diagnosis of
pancreatic cysts is often difficult despite modern imaging tests and,
more recently, cyst fluid analysis.
Interactive learning:
Whole class is divided into 4 groups to discuss about the structure of
pancreas and to share their knowledge.
Internet based learning:.

1. https://www.slideshare.net/lesleycastle/anatomy-of-the-pancreas-
lecture

2. https://doctorlib.info/anatomy/ross-wilson-anatomy-physiology-
health-illness/14.html

contextual learning:
ASSIGNMENT: (10 M)
Write an assignment on structure of pancreas with diagrams and
examples.
capstone project:
Students write the words regarding pancreas structure in 200 words.
supervised learning:
Students divided into 4 groups 1st ( Introduction, parts ) 2nd (head), 3rd
(neck ) 4th (body&tail)

Summative learning: The pancreas is an organ located in the abdomen.

It plays an essential role in converting the food we eat into fuel for the
body's cells. The pancreas has two main functions: an exocrine function
that helps in digestion and an endocrine function that regulates blood
sugar. The pancreas is an organ located in the abdomen. It plays an
essential role in converting the food we eat into fuel for the body's cells

The pancreas (pan= all , kreas = flesh) is a gland that is partly exocrine
and partly endocrine. The exocrine part secretes the digestive pancreatic
juice, and the endocrine part secretes hormones, eg. Insulin. It is soft,
lobulated and elongated organ.

Conclusion:
Let me conclude the topic structure of pancreas, hope students all
understood the topic, you have any doubt clarify, Thank you.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

TEACHER REFERENCE:

 Ross and Wilson , Textbook of anatomy and physiology in

health and illness, international 12th edition, Elsevier publishers,
page no:599-610.
 Text book of anatomy of nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Dr
Jayanthi.V,1st edition, EMMESS medical publishers, page
no:650-655
 Textbook of Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses and Allied
Health Sciences, Khurana I.& Arushi, Cbs publications,2nd
edition, page. No: 610-615
 Text book of Anatomy and physiology for Nurses, PR Ashalatha
G Deepa,3rd edition, JAYPEE publishers, page no:- 450-455.

STUDENT REFERENCE:

 Ross and Wilson , Textbook of anatomy and physiology in

health and illness, international 12th edition, Elsevier publishers,
page no:800-820.
 Text book of anatomy of nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Dr
Jayanthi.V,1st edition, EMMESS medical publishers, page
no:750-755
 Textbook of Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses and Allied
Health Sciences, Khurana I.& Arushi, Cbs publications,2nd
edition, page. No: 610-615
 Text book of Anatomy and physiology for Nurses, PR Ashalatha
G Deepa,3rd edition, JAYPEE publishers, page no:- 550-555.

BOOK REFERENCE:

 Ross and Wilson , Textbook of anatomy and physiology in

health and illness, international 12th edition, Elsevier publishers,
 page no:800-820.
 Text book of anatomy of nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Dr
Jayanthi.V,1st edition, EMMESS medical publishers, page
no:750-755
 Textbook of Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses and Allied
Health Sciences, Khurana I.& Arushi, Cbs publications,2nd
edition, page. No: 610-615
 Text book of Anatomy and physiology for Nurses, PR Ashalatha
G Deepa,3rd edition, JAYPEE publishers, page no:- 550-555.
.
JOURNAL REFERENCES:

1. Nightingale Nursing Times of Journal, 2008, vol-1, pp 10-15.

2. Indian Journal of Nursing, 2005, pp 20-24.
NET REFERENCES:
1. www.wikipedia.com
2. www.medline.com
3. www.pubmed.com