Total No. ofQuestions: 8] SEAT No.

Total No. of Pages: 3

P1024
54281-202
M.A./M.Sc. (Semester - II)

MATHEMATICS
MT-602: Topology
(2013 Pattern) (Credit System)
Time: 3 Hours IMax. Marks : 50

Instructions to the candidates:

1) Attempt any five questions.
2) Figures to the right, indicate full marks.

Q1) a) Let A be a set. Prove that there is no injective map f: P(A) >A and
there is no surjective map g:A > P(A). 51
b) Consider the following topologies on R
:The standard topology;
,: The topology ofR
T,: The finite complement topology;
T,: The upper limit topology, having all sets
a, b as basis
T: The topology having all sets (o, a)={x\x<a} as basis.
Determine, for each of these topologies, which ofthe others, it contains.[3]

c)Showthat the order topology on the set X = {1,2}*Z, in the dictionary

order is not the discrete topology. 21

92) a) Define the projection maps 7, and 7, and prove that the collection
S=l"U)|U isopenin XUV)|Visopenin Y') is a sub basis for
the product topology on X*Y. 41
b) Let Y be a subspace of X; let A be a subset ofY ; let denote the
closure of Ain X. Then prove that the closure of Ain Y equals 3]
c)If X is a hausdorff space, then prove that a sequence of points of X
converges to at most one point of X.
3
PTO.
Q3) a) Let X and Y be topological spaces; let f: X>Y. Prove that the following
statements are equivalent:
fis continuous.

i) for every subset A of X, f(

i) for every closed subset BofY, the set f'(B) is closed in X. 5
b) Give an example of bijective continuous map that is not a
homeomorphism. Justify.
c) IfU is open in X and A is closed in X, then show that UA is open in X
and A\U is closed in X. 21

04) a) Let f: A > X*Y be given by the equation fla)-(f,(a), f,(a). then prove
that fis continuous if and only the functions f, :A>X and f,:A>Y
are continuous. 51
b) State and prove the sequence lemma. 13]
c)Suppose that f: X-Y is continuous. Ifx is a limit point ofthe subset A
of X, is it necessarily true that f{x) is a limit point of fA)? justify your
answer. 121

05) a) Define box and product topology. State and prove the comparison of
the box and product topologies.
b) Let p:X>Y be a quotient map. Let Z be a space and g: X->Z be a
map that is constant on each set p' ({y}), for yeY. Then g induces a
map f: Y >Z such that fop =g. Prove that the induced map fis
continuous if and only ifg is continuous. Also prove that fis quotient
map if and only ifg is quotient map.

06) a) Prove that compactness implies limit point compactness but not
conversely. 4
b) Prove that the union of a collection of connected subspaces of X that
have a point in common is connected.

c) Prove that a space X is locally connected if and only if for every open
set U of X, each component of U is open in X.

54281-202

Q7) a) State and prove the tube lemma. 14

b) Prove that the image of a compact space under a continuous map is
compact. 13
c)State
i)The Urysohn lemma.

i) The Tietze extension theorem.

ii) The Tychonoff theorem. 3

Q8) a) Let X be a topological space. Let one-point sets in X be closed. Prove

that X is normal if and only if given a closed set A and an open set U
containing A, there is an open set V containing A such that Vc U. |5
b) Prove that every metrizable space is normal. 51
 SEAT No. :
Total No. of Questions:8
P2161 ITotal No. of Pages: 3

14721] 2002
M.A./M.Sc. (Semester -I1)
MATHEMATICS
MT-602:General Topology
(2013 Pattern) (Credit System)
Time: 3 Hours [Max. Marks: 50
Instructions to the candidates:
1) Attempt any Five questions.
) Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q1) a) Show that the topologies R, and R, are strictly finer than the standard
topology on R, but they are not comparable with one another. I51

b) If{T.} is a collection oftopologies on X, are nT, andUT, are topologies

on X? Justify. 13
c) Consider the discrete topology T on X={a,b,c.d.e} Find a subbase for
T which does not contain any singleton sets. 121

02) a) Let X and Y be two topological spaces and ACX, BcY. Prove that
product topology on A x B is the same as the subspace topology of
Ax B as subspace of XXY.

b)Find closure of K=e Nwith usual topology on R and with

finite complement topology on R. 131
c) With usual notations prove or disprove 21

i) (ANB)° =A°NB°
i) (AUB" =A°UB°

P.T.O.
Q3) a) State and prove pasting lemma. 5
b) Define boundary of a set A in a topological space(X,T) (3

If X={a,b.c}T={o. x,la).lb.c}}
A={b}, then find Bd (A)

c)Let A={s,r}. p:RA defined by, 21

P(x)= s if x>0

=rifx<0
=t ifx= 0

what is the quotient topology generated by p on A.

Q4) a) Prove that the finite product of connected spaces is connected. I5

b) State whether following spaces are connected. Also find their components,
if any 13

)A-{( y.z)E R'/xy =0}

i) B-{y.2)E R'/ayz =1}

i) C={x.y. z)E R'/|x|+|yl+ | zE 0}
c) Let A be subset of a topological space (X,T) and A is path connected is
A necessarily path connected? 121

Q5) a) State and prove the tube lemma. 5

b) Is the finite complement topological space compact? Justify. 131
c) Give an example of a locally campact space which is not compact. |21

147211-2002
06) a) Define first and second countable spaces. Establish relation between
them.51
b) Show that regularity is a
hereditory topological property 13
c)Which of the following spaces are normal? 21
A subspace of completely normal space.

i) Product of two completely normal spaces.

ii) Lower limit topological space.

iv) A regular space with countable basis.

Q7) a) Prove that second countable space is Lindelöf. Is converse true? Justify. 151

b) Define T, and T, spaces. Establish relation between them. 13

c)Prove that product of regular spaces is regular 21

08) a) State and prove Tychonoff theorem. 18

b) State Urysohn's lemma. 121

147211-2002
 Total No. of Questions :8
SEAT No.:
P1908 Total No. of Pages :3
49211-2002
M.A./M.Se.
MATHEMATICS
MT-602: General Topology
(2013 Pattern) (Credit System) (Semester - II)

Time: 3 Hours] Max. Marks :50

Instructions to the candidates:
I) Attempt any five questions.
2) All questions carry equal marks.

Q1) a) Given a collection pofnon-empty sets, prove that there exists a function
c: B Such that c(B) is an element of B, for each BeB. 5

b) IfA is a non-empty countable set, than prove that there is a surjective

function :Z. > B. 3

c)IfA is a countable subset of S,, then prove that A has an upper bound in
Sa 21

02) a) e t 3 and be bases for the topologies t and t, respectively on X.

Prove that t is finer thantifand only if for each xe X and each basis
element Bep containing x, there is a basis element B'ep such that
xe BCB. 51

b) If (t) is a family oftopologies on X, show that Q, is a topology on X.

Is yT a topology on X? Justify. 131

c)Show that the topologies of R, and R, are not comparable. 2

P.T.O.

03) a) Let A be a subset of the topological space X. Then prove that xe if

and only if every open set U containing x intersects A. I5

b)Show that every order topology is Hausdorff. 3

c)Show that ifU is open in X and A is closed in X, then UA is open in X
and A\U is closed in X. 21

04) a) Let f:A->IIX, be given by the equation S(a)= (S. (a), where

.A-x, for each o. Let X, have the product topology. Then prove
that the function f is continuous if and only if each function f, is
continuous. 51

b) State and prove the pasting lemma. 3

c)Show that an identity map f:R, >R is continuous but not a

homomorphism. [21
Q5) a) Prove that a finite cartesian product of connected spaces is connected.|5]

b) Let t and T be two topologies on X. If rcr, what does connectedness

of X in one topology imply about connectedness in the other? Justify.13]

c) Ifthe sets C and D forms a separation of a topological space X andifY

is a connected subspace of X, then prove that Y lies entirely within either
C or D. 12

06) a) Let p:X> Y be a quotient map. Let Z be a space and let g:X>Z be a

map that is constant on each set P ({}), for ye Y. Then prove that g
induces a map f:X ->Z such thatfop=g. Further prove thatfis a quotient
map if and only ifg is a quotient map.

b) Define path connected space and prove that every path connected space
Xis connected. 3
c)Show that [0,1] is not a limit point compact as a subspace of R,. 2

49211-2002 2

Q7) a) Prove that every compact subspace of a Hausdorff space is closed. [16

b) Define: 1) first countable space,

in) second countable space,

ii) Lindelöf space,

iv) separable space. 141

Q8) a) Show that every compact Hausdorff space is normal. 51

b) State: the Urysohn lemma,

) the Urysohn metrization theorem,

ii) the Tietze extension theorem,

iv) the Tychonoff theorem. 5

x
Total No. of Questions:8 SEAT No.
P1801 [Total No. of Pages : 3
53211-202
M.A./M.Sc.
MATHEMATICS
MT-602: General Topology
(2013 Pattern) (Semester - II) (Credit System)

Time: 3 Hours] Max. Marks: 50

Instructions to the candidates:
1) Attempt any five questions.
2) Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q1) a) fC is an infinite subset of Z, ,then prove that C is countably infinite.

5
b) Determine, for each of the following sets, whether or not it is countable.
Justify your answers. 3
i) The set A of all functions f: [0, 1]> Z,.

ii) The set B. of all functions f: {1, 2,. n}Z,.

ii) The set C ofall functions f: Z, {0, 1}

c) Whether the order topology on Z, is the discrete topology? Justify your

answer. 121

02) a) Let X be a set. Define the basis B for a topology on X and then define
the topology on X generated by B. Further, prove that if X is any set,
then the collection of all one point subsets of X is a basis for the discrete
topology on X. 5
b) Define the topologies of R,and R,. Prove that the topologies of
R, and R, are not comparable. 13
c) Let {T.}be a family of topologies on X. Show that there is a unique
smallest topology on X containing all collections. T 21

RTO.
 Let X be an ordered set in the order topology. Let Y be subset of X that
Q3) a) is convex in X. Then prove that the order topology on Y is the same as
the topology Y inherits as a subspace of X. 5
b) Let Abe a subset of the topological space X and A' be the set of all limit

points of A. Then prove that A=AUA'. 131

c) Show that the projection maps 7,: X xY> X and 7,: X xY>Yare
open maps. 2

Q4) a) Show that X is Hausdorffif and only if the diagonal A = {rxx|xe X}is

closed in X*X. 51
b) Let X and Y be topological spaces and let f: X->Y be a map. Then prove
that fis continuous if and only if for each re X and each neighborhood
V of fx), there is a neighborhood U ofx such that f(U)E V. 131
c) Let Y be an ordered set in the order topology. Let f, g: X>Y be

continuous, show that the set {re X|f (x)Ss («)}is closed in X. 121

05) a) Let f:A >I.., X, be given by the equation f(a)=(f.(a) where

Sa:AX, for each a. Let 1ae X, have the product topology. Then
show that the function fis continuous if and only ifeach function f, is
continuous 51
b) Let f:X>Y be a map. Ifthe function fis continuous, then prove that for
every convergent sequence x,-x in X, the sequence f(x,) converges to

f(x). Also prove that the converse holds if X is metrizable. 3

c) Give an example of quotient map that is neither open nor closed. Justify
your answer. 21

00 a) Prove that a finite Cartesian product of connected spaces is connected.

b) Show that the continuous image of path connected space is path

connected. 13
c) Let f:S'» Rbe a continuous map. Show that there exists a point x of
S' such that f(x) =f). 2

53211-202

Q7) a) Prove that the product of two compact spaces is compact.

b) Define compactness and limit point compactness. Whether limit point
compactness implies compactness? Justify your answer.

08) a) Show that a subspace of regular space is regular.

b) Let X be a set andD be a collection ofsubsets of X that is maximal with
respect to the finite intersection property. Then prove that any finite
intersection of elements of D is an element of D.
 M.A/M.Sc. (Semester-l) Examination, 2014
MATHEMATICS
MT-602:General Topology (Credit System)
(2013 Pattern)
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 50

N.B.: i) Attempt any five questions.

) All questions carry equal marks.

1. a) Let X be a non-empty set and 7is a basis for a topology T on X. Show that T is equal
to collection of all unions of members of

b) Define usual topology and lower limit topology on IR and establish relation between them.

c) Let , (ab}/a beR, acb)

=(ab]/a,.be R.a <b)

Show that and z torms a basis and compare the topologies generated by them.
2. a) Let 7 and c be basis for topologies on sets X and Y respectively then prove the collection

D-BxC/Be R Cec} forms a basis for product topology on X x Y.

b) Let 7 be a basis for a topology on a set X, YCX, then show that ={BnY/B:)
forms a basis for subspace topology on Y.
c) Define open maps and projection maps and show that projection maps are open and
continuous.
3. a) In a topological space (X, 3) prove that
i) and X are closed
in) Arbitrary intersection of closed sets is closed
ii) Finite union of closed sets is closed.

b) Let A be a subset of a topological space (X, 3) with usual notations prove that A=AUA.
c) Find closures of
i) Set of rational numbers
i) Set of integers.
4. a) Define Hausdorf space. If X is Hausdortf space, AcX and x is a limit point of A then
show that every neighbourhood of x contains infinitely many points. 4

P.T.O.

4621]-202

b) Define boundary of a set A in (X, 3)

Prove that )A =(interior of A) u Boundary of (A)

i)Bd(A)= iff A is both open and closed.
c) Find boundary and interior and closure of C cR2 where C = AuB

A=(y)/y=o]B={xy)/ x>o.y#o}
5. a) IfX and Y are two topological spaces and f: X>Y then prove that following are equivalent.
i) fis continuous
i) f(A)cf(A) for every AcX
ii) For every closed set B in Y, the set F (B) is closed in X.
b) State and prove pasting lemma. 3

c) If ne Z, then define topology in an set of real numbers by adjoining to usual basis of open
sets, the one point set (n). Show that (IR, T) and (IR,T2) are homeomorphic though

T#T2
6. a) IfA is a connected subset of a topological space X and if AcBc then show that B is
connected.
b) Give an example of connected space which is not path connected.

c) Define g : R2-~R as gtx, y) = x + y2 show that g is a quotient map

7. a) Prove that image of a compact space is compact under continuous map.
b) Show that finite union of compact sets is compact.
c) Prove that every compact Hausdorff space is normal.
8. a) State and prove Urysohn's lemma.
b) State Tietze Extension theorem. 2