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Practical No 9 Qasim 102

The document outlines practical tasks involving loops and character output in assembly language. It includes code snippets for three tasks: printing a pattern of asterisks, counting uppercase letters in a user-input sentence, and printing a numerical pattern. Each task is accompanied by a description of the program's functionality and expected output.

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6 views4 pages

Practical No 9 Qasim 102

The document outlines practical tasks involving loops and character output in assembly language. It includes code snippets for three tasks: printing a pattern of asterisks, counting uppercase letters in a user-input sentence, and printing a numerical pattern. Each task is accompanied by a description of the program's functionality and expected output.

Uploaded by

abdullahsikandar909
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Practical No.

9: Implementation of Loops, Nested Loops,


Labels, Increment Statements – Tasks
Name: M. Qasim

Roll: 102

Task 1: Run the provided program and check the output.

Program:

Code snippet
.model small
.stack 100h
.data
.code
main proc
mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax

mov bx, 1 ; Initialize BX to 1 [cite: 68]


mov cx, 5 ; Initialize CX (outer loop counter) to 5 [cite: 69]

L1: ; Outer loop label [cite: 69]


push cx ; Save outer loop counter on stack [cite: 69]
mov cx, bx ; Set inner loop counter (CX) to current value of BX
[cite: 70]

L2: ; Inner loop label [cite: 71]


Mov dl, '*' ; Load '*' into DL for display [cite: 72]
mov ah,2 ; Set AH to 2 (DOS print character function) [cite:
73]
int 21h ; Call DOS to print character in DL [cite: 74, 75]
loop L2 ; Decrement CX and jump to L2 if CX is not zero
[cite: 76]

mov dl,10 ; Load newline character into DL [cite: 77]


mov ah, 2 ; Set AH to 2 (DOS print character function) [cite:
78]
int 21h ; Call DOS to print newline [cite: 78]

mov dl,13 ; Load carriage return character into DL [cite: 79]


mov ah, 2 ; Set AH to 2 (DOS print character function) [cite:
80]
int 21h ; Call DOS to print carriage return [cite: 81]

inc bl ; Increment BL (used to control inner loop


iterations indirectly) [cite: 82]
pop cx ; Restore outer loop counter from stack [cite: 83]
loop L1 ; Decrement CX and jump to L1 if CX is not zero
[cite: 84]
mov ah,4ch
int 21h
main endp
end main

Output:
*
**
***
****
*****

Task 2: Program to print total number of uppercase letters in a sentence


entered using a while loop.

Code snippet
.model small
.stack 100h
.data
prompt DB 'Enter a sentence (max 80 chars, end with $):', 10,
13, '$'
input_buffer DB 81 DUP(?)
msg_count DB 'Number of uppercase letters: ', '$'
count DB 0

.code
main proc
mov ax, @data
mov ds, ax

; Display prompt for user input


mov ah, 9
lea dx, prompt
int 21h

; Read string from user


mov ah, 0Ah
lea dx, input_buffer
int 21h

; Initialize counter for uppercase letters


mov bl, 0 ; BL will store the count
mov si, offset input_buffer + 2 ; SI points to the actual string
data (after max length and actual length bytes)

; While loop to iterate through the string


while_loop:
mov al, [si] ; Get current character
cmp al, '$' ; Check for string terminator
je end_while ; If terminator, exit loop

cmp al, 'A' ; Check if character is greater than or


equal to 'A'
jl next_char ; If less, not an uppercase letter, skip
cmp al, 'Z' ; Check if character is less than or equal
to 'Z'
jg next_char ; If greater, not an uppercase letter, skip

inc bl ; If it's an uppercase letter, increment


count

next_char:
inc si ; Move to next character
jmp while_loop ; Continue loop

end_while:
; Display the count message
mov ah, 9
lea dx, msg_count
int 21h

; Convert count (in BL) to ASCII and display


mov al, bl
add al, '0' ; Convert numeric value to ASCII character
mov dl, al
mov ah, 2
int 21h

; Exit program
mov ah, 4ch
int 21h
main endp
end main

Task 3: Program to print the following pattern:


1
22
333
4444
55555
.model small
.stack 100h
.data
.code
main proc
mov ax, @data
mov ds, ax

mov bl, 1 ; BL will hold the number to print and the outer loop
counter (1 to 5)

outer_loop:
cmp bl, 6 ; Check if BL is greater than 5 (loop for
numbers 1 to 5)
je exit_program
mov cl, bl ; CL will be the inner loop counter, initialized
with the value of BL

inner_loop:
mov al, bl ; Get the number to print
add al, '0' ; Convert number to its ASCII character
mov dl, al ; Move ASCII character to DL for display
mov ah, 2 ; DOS function to display character
int 21h ; Call DOS

loop inner_loop ; Decrement CL and loop if not zero

; Print a new line after each row


mov dl, 10 ; Newline character
mov ah, 2
int 21h
mov dl, 13 ; Carriage return character
mov ah, 2
int 21h

inc bl ; Increment BL for the next number/row


jmp outer_loop

exit_program:
mov ah, 4ch ; DOS function to exit program
int 21h
main endp
end main

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