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Arithmetic & Number Systems: integers and b ≠ 0.: Numbers that cannot be expressed as a simple fraction (e.g., √2, π)

The document provides a comprehensive list of 50 essential mathematics definitions and formulas for students in Classes 6 to 10, organized by topic. It covers key areas such as Arithmetic, Geometry, Algebra, Statistics, Coordinate Geometry, Arithmetic Progressions, and Trigonometry. Each section includes fundamental concepts and formulas necessary for understanding and solving mathematical problems.

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30 views3 pages

Arithmetic & Number Systems: integers and b ≠ 0.: Numbers that cannot be expressed as a simple fraction (e.g., √2, π)

The document provides a comprehensive list of 50 essential mathematics definitions and formulas for students in Classes 6 to 10, organized by topic. It covers key areas such as Arithmetic, Geometry, Algebra, Statistics, Coordinate Geometry, Arithmetic Progressions, and Trigonometry. Each section includes fundamental concepts and formulas necessary for understanding and solving mathematical problems.

Uploaded by

sonamprasad8797
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here is a comprehensive list of 50 essential mathematics definitions and formulas for students in

Classes 6 to 10, organized by topic for easy reference.

🧮 Arithmetic & Number Systems

1. Natural Numbers: Counting numbers starting from 1 (1, 2, 3, ...).


2. Whole Numbers: Natural numbers including zero (0, 1, 2, 3, ...).
3. Integers: All positive and negative whole numbers, including zero (..., -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, ...).
4. Rational Numbers: Numbers that can be expressed as a fraction a/b, where a and b are
integers and b ≠ 0.
5. Irrational Numbers: Numbers that cannot be expressed as a simple fraction (e.g., √2, π).
6. Prime Numbers: Natural numbers greater than 1 that have no positive divisors other
than 1 and itself.
7. Composite Numbers: Natural numbers greater than 1 that are not prime.
8. Even Numbers: Integers divisible by 2.
9. Odd Numbers: Integers not divisible by 2.
10. LCM (Least Common Multiple): The smallest multiple common to two or more
numbers.
11. HCF (Highest Common Factor): The largest number that divides two or more numbers
without leaving a remainder.
12. BODMAS Rule: Order of operations: Brackets, Orders (i.e., powers and roots, etc.),
Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction.
13. Percentage Formula: (Part/Whole) × 100.
14. Simple Interest (SI): (Principal × Rate × Time) / 100.
15. Compound Interest (CI): Principal × (1 + Rate/100)^Time - Principal.

📐 Geometry & Mensuration

16. Perimeter of Square: 4 × side.


17. Area of Square: side².
18. Perimeter of Rectangle: 2 × (length + breadth).
19. Area of Rectangle: length × breadth.
20. Area of Triangle: ½ × base × height.
21. Area of Circle: π × radius².
22. Circumference of Circle: 2 × π × radius.
23. Surface Area of Cube: 6 × side².
24. Volume of Cube: side³.
25. Surface Area of Cuboid: 2 × (length × breadth + breadth × height + height × length).
26. Volume of Cuboid: length × breadth × height.
27. Surface Area of Cylinder: 2 × π × radius × (height + radius).
28. Volume of Cylinder: π × radius² × height.
29. Surface Area of Sphere: 4 × π × radius².
30. Volume of Sphere: (4/3) × π × radius³.

📊 Algebra & Identities

31. (a + b)²: a² + 2ab + b².


32. (a - b)²: a² - 2ab + b².
33. a² - b²: (a + b)(a - b).
34. (a + b + c)²: a² + b² + c² + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca.
35. (a + b)³: a³ + 3a²b + 3ab² + b³.
36. (a - b)³: a³ - 3a²b + 3ab² - b³.
37. a³ + b³: (a + b)(a² - ab + b²).
38. a³ - b³: (a - b)(a² + ab + b²).
39. Laws of Exponents:

• a^m × a^n = a^(m + n)


• (a^m)^n = a^(m × n)
• a^0 = 1
• a^(-n) = 1 / a^n

📈 Statistics & Probability

40. Mean (Average): Sum of observations / Number of observations.


41. Median: Middle value when data is arranged in order.
42. Mode: Value that appears most frequently in a data set.
43. Probability of an Event: Number of favorable outcomes / Total number of outcomes.

📏 Coordinate Geometry

44. Distance Formula: √[(x₂ - x₁)² + (y₂ - y₁)²].


45. Midpoint Formula: ((x₁ + x₂)/2, (y₁ + y₂)/2).
🔢 Arithmetic Progressions

46. nth Term (Tₙ): a + (n - 1)d, where 'a' is the first term and 'd' is the common difference.
47. Sum of n Terms (Sₙ): n/2 × [2a + (n - 1)d].

📐 Trigonometry (Class 10)

48. sin²θ + cos²θ = 1


49. tanθ = sinθ / cosθ
50. cotθ = 1 / tanθ

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