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Class 3 Science SM May-June 2025-26

The document provides an overview of the plant world, classifying plants into five types: herbs, shrubs, trees, climbers, and creepers. It explains the root and shoot systems of plants, detailing their functions and structures, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and seeds. Additionally, it highlights the importance of medicinal and edible plants, as well as the role of spices in cooking.

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Pallab Dutta
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48 views6 pages

Class 3 Science SM May-June 2025-26

The document provides an overview of the plant world, classifying plants into five types: herbs, shrubs, trees, climbers, and creepers. It explains the root and shoot systems of plants, detailing their functions and structures, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and seeds. Additionally, it highlights the importance of medicinal and edible plants, as well as the role of spices in cooking.

Uploaded by

Pallab Dutta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL RUBY PARK, KOLKATA

CLASS-III
SESSION-2025-26
MONTH- MAY-JUNE
SUBJECT- SCIENCE
TOPIC: PLANT WORLD

INTRODUCTION-
Have you ever been to a park? The plants and trees in a park are of different
types and sizes. Some of the plants have thick trunks while others have soft, green
stems. Some of these plants even have a bushy appearance with hard but flexible
stems. We can classify plants into five types:

Herbs- Herbs are non-woody plants with soft stems and generally have a short
lifespan. They tend to grow close to the ground. Herbs include plants like grasses,
culinary and medicinal herbs. Herbs are typically found in kitchen gardens or in
pots indoors. Examples of herbs are- dill, lemongrass, coriander, rosemary, etc.
DO YOU KNOW?
A banana plant is a herb and not a tree. It is a plant whose flowers, fruits and stems
are edible.

Shrubs- Shrubs are medium sized plants that have woody stems and multiple
branches arising from the base. Shrubs are generally taller than herbs but shorter
than trees and have a bushy appearance. Examples of shrubs include rose, jasmine,
cotton plant, china rose and hibiscus. Unlike trees, shrubs live only for a few years.

Trees- Trees are tall, large plants with a single main trunk that supports branches
and leaves. They have a well-developed woody stem that provides strength and
stability. While some trees remain green all through the year, others shed their
leaves at least once a year. Examples of trees include banyan, pine, spruce, willow,
etc.
Climbers- Climbers are plants that require support to grow upright. They have
weak stems. Examples of climbers include grapevines, peas, bitter gourd, bottle
gourd and money plants.

Creepers- Creepers are plants with trailing or creeping stems that spread
horizontally along the ground or other surfaces. Creepers are typically low growing
and provide ground cover. Some examples of creepers include periwinkle,
watermelon and sweet potato.

DO YOU KNOW?
There are many medicinal plants which are used for their therapeutic
properties to treat and prevent diseases. Ayurveda, the traditional Indian
system of medicine, uses different medicinal plants to cure various
ailments. Some important medicinal plants are Tulsi (Holy Basil), Amla
(Indian Gooseberry), Brahmi, Giloy, Aloe Vera, Ashwagandha, etc.
A plant can be divided into two main parts- The Root system and The Shoot
system.

 ROOT SYSTEM

Roots grow under the soil and hold the plant tightly to the soil. From the soil,
plants absorb water and minerals.
Roots perform the following functions-
1. They hold the plant to the soil.
2. They absorb water and minerals from the soil.
3. Water absorbed by the roots is passed to the leaves where food is prepared.
4. Some plants such as carrot and beetroot store food in the root.

Roots are mainly of two types- Tap Root and Fibrous Root.

Tap Root Fibrous Root


One main root grows from the base of It looks like a bunch of roots of almost
the stem into the ground and is called same size arising from the base of the
the primary root. stem.
Many small, thin lateral roots grow Fibrous roots are produced from the
from the sides of the primary root. base of the stem.
 SHOOT SYSTEM
Shoot system contains the portions of plants’ structure that grow above the soil.
Stem-
1. It holds leaves, fruits and flowers together.
2. The stem transports essential substances to other parts of the plant. These
are water, food, oxygen and minerals that are useful for plants.
3. Leaves get water to prepare food from plant stem.
4. Some plants like sugarcane and ginger store food in their stem.

Leaf- Leaves prepare food for the plant through a process called Photosynthesis.
Leaves are green in colour as they contain a green-coloured pigment called
chlorophyll. The function of chlorophyll is to capture the light energy of the sun
and convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose and release oxygen. Leaves
require sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to prepare food.
Flowers- Flowers are the reproductive part of most plants. Flowers change into
fruits. There are non-flowering plants as well which do not produce fruits. They
develop different special structures such as spores and cones where seeds develop.

Seeds- Seeds develop into a baby plant called seedling. The seedling grows up to
become a tree. Thus, plant life cycle goes on. Fruits store and protect seed till it
grows into a plant.

Inedible Seeds Edible Seeds


Seeds which cannot be eaten by living Seeds which can be eaten by living
beings are called inedible seeds. beings are called edible seeds.
Examples: Examples:

DO YOU KNOW?
Spices are used by us to add flavor to our food. Clove, cardamom,
cinnamon, nutmeg, turmeric etc. are a few spices used by us. These spices
are obtained from different parts of plants. While nutmeg is a seed,
turmeric powder is obtained from the stem. Cinnamon is the bark of the
Cinnamomum verum tree.

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