5. ASSIGNMENT ' Level -1 In the diagram, rectangle ABCD is divided into two regions, AEFCD and EBCF, of equal area, If EB = 40, AD = 80 and EF = 30, what is the length of AE? AE B D ce (a) 20 (b) 24 (10 (@ 15 ABCD is a parallelogram and E is the midpoint of CD. Prove that area of AADE = 1/4 the area of parallelogram ABCD. (Gi) Consider the family R of parallelograms on equal bases whose areas are all equal. Prove that in R that which is a rectangle has the least perimeter. (CHINA/1996) Let the heights on three sides of [ABC hs, hy, he respectively and 2b =a +c. Prove tn 22d AA, If ABC and XYZ, are two triangles such that AB : BC = XY : YZ. and the angles B and Y are supplementary prove that [AABC)[AXYZ] = AB*/XY? A rectangular piece of paper is cut into two pieces by cutting along segments parallel to its sides as in the figure (not drawn to scale). The result is a6 sided and an & sided piece of paper. The lengths of the sides of the 8 sided piece of paper are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 units in some order. The maximum area, in square units, of the 6 sided (shaded) piece of paper is ay (a) 24 (b) 27 (©) 30 (a) 36 Vedartty ——___ eam LIVE One6. The area of the shaded region in the square is z 7 @l (b)3 4 ws 7, If one side of a triangle is 20 and the perimeter is 72, then the maximum possible area that the triangle can have is (a) 240 (b) 200 (©) 260 (460 8. A pentagon with area 40 has equal sides but not necessarily equal angles. The sum of the five distances from a point inside the pentagon to the sides of the pentagon is 16. The side-length of the pentagon is 5 5 M5 OF (12 (ds 9. A sequence of right-angled triangles is drawn, starting with the shaded one. The area of the 100 triangle is (@ W3 (b) 3v2 (33 @s5 Vedartty ——___ eam LIVE Oneco 10. In the diagram, APQR is isosceles with PQ = PR = 39 and ASQR is equilateral with side length 30, The area of APQS is closest to P Q R (a) 68 (75 (050 @ 180 Level - I 11, In the diagram a comer of the shaded star is at the midpoint of each side of the large square, The fraction of the large square covered by the star is 12, (i) If the lengths of two sides of a triangle are given, show that its area is greatest when the angle between the sides is a right angle. (ii) ABC is a fixed triangle. P is any point on the same side of BC as that of A such that APAB and AABC have equal areas. Find the locus of P. 13. (i) Inthe given figure, what is the ratio of the areas of the two shaded triangles? (ii) Inthe given figure, what is the ratio of the shaded area to the area of one of the five congruent triangl eam LIVE One14, ABCD isa rectangle, E is the mid-point of AD. F is the mid-point of EC. [ABCD] = 120 em?; FIND [BDF] 15, Ifa triangle is divided into four pieces with areas as shown, then the area x equals: Lr (a) 125 &) 13, (15 (22 Vedartty ——___ eam LIVE OneAnswers Key L @ %® O ® O 4 O & @ 6& & 7 @ & @ %® @ B&B O MO Mm oO Bo 1 © 1 @ Video Solutions Links 1 hitps:tiyoutu be/nGAJpxk2GUg 2 httos://voutu.be/PkBBdUQK7oc 3 hhttos://voutu.be/VEGisBQVEv8 httos://youtu.be/vBlg?Sx_ JU 5 https://youtu.be/FavuCeWolJ8 6 https://youtu.be/Br60H_O7TW4 7 https://voutu.be/d8N_Yd2KnaQ 8 https://youtu.be/NcupzmByoyA 9 https://youtu.be/Nez07QdiKiQ 410 httos://youtu.be/luOMHcol9VM 11 httos://youtu.be/kPIICESfiWw, 12 httos://youtu.be/edteab4qxuM 18 httos://youtu.be/RxLo49_aTw4 14 httos://youtu.be/cKdFCIxtaDg 46 httos://youtu.be/PPCnst1-Vto Solutions Level -T 1. Inthe diagram, rectangle ABCD is divided into two regions, AEFCD and EBCF, of equal area. If EB 40, AD = 80 and EF = 30, what is the length of AE? Vedartty ——___ eam LIVE OneAns, Sol. Sol. A_E B F D Cc (a)20 (b) 24 () 10 @I15 (@) Draw a line from F to BC, parallel to AB, meeting BC at P. A_E B FP lo Since BB is parallel to FP and ZFEB = %?, then EBPF is a rectangle Since BB = 40, then FP = 40; since EF = 30, then BP = 30, Since AD = 80, then BC = 80, so PC = 80 — 30 = 50, Therefore, the area of EBCF is sum of the areas of rectangle EBPF (which is 30 x 40 = 1200) and AFPC (which is $(40)(50) = 1000), or 1200 + 1000 = 2200. Since the areas of AEFCD and EBCF are equal, then each is 2200, so the total area of rectangle ABCD is 4400. Since AD = 80, then AB = 4400 +80 = ‘Therefore, AE = AB — BB = 55 — 40 15, ABCD is a parallelogram and E is the midpoint of CD. Prove that area of AADE = 1/4 the area of parallelogram ABCD. (Gi) Consider the family R of parallelograms on equal bases whose areas are all equal, Prove that in R that which is a rectangle has the least perimeter. Draw EF || AD [ADE] = 1/2 [AFED] = 1/4 [ABCD] Vedartty ——___ eam LIVE Onejam Finttet (ii) [ABEF] = [ABCD] AF & AD & BE => AB+BE F_D BC [perpendicular distance is shortest] + AF by = ©) 12 as @> OF © @ @ Vedartty ——___ eam LIVE One10 co If you draw lines joining the point inside the pentagon to the five vertives, then you divide the pentagon into five triangles. The five sides, which are all of length say s, form the bases of the triangles, and the sum of the heights of the triangles is given to be 16. Thus the sum of the areas of the triangles is $s x 16 = 8s. But this sum is the area of the pentagon, which is 40, so 8s = 40 and s A sequence of right-angled triangles is drawn, starting with the shaded one, The atea of the 100" % triangle is 1 1 7 | ; : 1 1 (a) WS (b) 3v2, (WS @s ‘Ans. (d) Sol. By Pythagoras’ theorem, the bases of the tri 3 so the base of the 100th triangle is 100 = 10. Since all triai 1 area of the 100th triangle is x 10 x 10. In the diagram, APQR is isosceles with PQ = PR = 39 and ASQR is equilateral with side length 30. The area of APQS is closest to P A (a) 68 (b) 75 (50 (@) 180 Ans. (b) Sol. Join 5 to the midpoint M of QR. Since ASQR is equilateral with side length 30, then QM = MR 4QR = 15. eam LIVE Onei 39 39. owMis ® Since ASQR is equilateral, then SV is perpendicular to QR. Since APQR is isosceles with PQ = PR, then PM is also perpendicular to QR. Since PAM is perpendicular to QR and SM is perpendicular to QR, then PM and SM overlap. which means that $ lies on PM. By the Pythagorean Theorem, PM = J PQ? — QM? = V38? — 15? = 1521 By the Pythagorean Theore SM = 5@= iF = VIR =TE ‘Therefore, PS = PM — SM = 36-15. Since QM is perpendicular to PS extended, then the area of APQS is equal to }(PS)(QM), (We can think of PS as the base and QM as the perpendicular height.) ‘Therefore, the area of APQS equals 4(36 — 15V3)(15) © 75.14, OF the given answers, this is closest to 75, Level - II Vi206 = 36 = vo v3 11. In the diagram a comer of the shaded star is at the midpoint of each side of the large square. The fraction of the large square covered by the star is, Sol. Consider any one of the four squares forming the big square. The shaded triangle clearly occupies half of half of the small square, that is, one quarter of it. The same fraction is then true for the whole figure. (Alternatively, it is easy to cut the shaded region into four triangles that cam be pasted to fill one quarter of the big square without overlapping.) Vedartty ——___ eam LIVE One12 12, Sol. 13. Sol. (i) If the lengths of two sides of a triangle are given, show that its area is greatest when the angle between the sides is a right angle. (ii) ABC is a fixed triangle. P is any point on the same side of BC as that of A such that APAB and AABC have equal areas. Find the locus of P. (i Clearly h< Ac c A oO B [ABC] = 1/2AB xh [TABC]max when h = AC this happens When [= 90° (Gi) P lies on the line parallel to BC passing through A. ZI B Cc (@ In the given figure, what is the ratio of the areas of the two shaded triangles? (Gi) In the given figure, what is the ratio of the shaded area to the area of one of the five congruent triangles? eam LIVE One14, Sol. ay 6 b b b b Shadedarea One Triangle Area 4,9 1.1.3 ABCD is a rectangle, E is the mid-point of AD. F is the mid-point of EC. [ABCD] = 120 em*; FIND [BDF] Construction: Draw perpendicular from F to CD and BC to meet them at G and H respectively. Let the sides of the rectangle have lengths 2a and b, Now [ABCD] = 120 That is, (2a) - (b) = 120 = ab = 60 Because of Mid-point theorem, FG || ED in ACED and F being the midpoint of CE, G will b be the midpoint of DC; also CG = GD =b/2 & FG=a/2 ‘Now [BDF] = [BDC] - [DFC] - [FBC] o0-[ord)-[annd ay 2 ee sor =60~2ab-2ap- a 4 Vedartty ——___ eam LIVE One14 co 15, Ifa triangle is divided into four pieces with areas as shown, then the area x equals: LOA (125 () 13, (os (a2 Ans. (@) Sol. Join the top vertex to the point of interscetion of the two lines in the triangle thus dividing the area xr into two sub-areas and x9, We uso the fact that if the triangles have the same height, then their areas are proportional to their bases. Using the left hand the base, we see that = mH side of the triangle 3 so 8(2y +g) +40 = 180, giving Suny — day = 20. Next, us the right hand side of the triangle as the base, we see that is ry o+8 80 5(7y +2) +40 = 1529, giving x1 — 2x» = —8. Solve the equations to get ry = 12 and a2 = 10, and finally x = ry +r = 22. Vedartty ——___ eam LIVE One