SPEAKING

UNIT 1: GATHERING
Part 1: Interview
1. Which areas of your academic life would you like to develop? (Why? How? By when?)
- Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving: Enhance my ability to evaluate information critically
and solve complex problems.
- Writing and Communication: Develop clearer, more engaging ways to present complex ideas in
writing and speaking for diverse audiences.
- Research Skills: Dive deeper into understanding advanced methodologies for research, data
analysis, and synthesizing knowledge.
- Collaborative Skills: Learn how to better engage with and contribute to diverse teams to achieve
shared goals.
2. Who benefits from volunteer work?
Volunteer work benefits a wide range of people and groups:
- Volunteers:
+ Personal Growth: Volunteers gain new skills, confidence, and experiences that enhance
personal and professional development.
+ Social Connection: Opportunities to build relationships and expand social networks
- Recipients:
+ vulnerable or disadvantaged individuals receive essential services, resources, or care.
+ Communities or individuals benefit from education, mentoring, or capacity-building initiatives.
+ Enhanced access to healthcare, education, and basic necessities.
3. Are there any disadvantages to volunteer work?
While volunteer work has many benefits, there can also be disadvantages or challenges depending
on the circumstances:
For Volunteers: Balancing volunteer work with other responsibilities like work, school, or family
can be challenging. Overcommitting or working in emotionally taxing environments may lead to
stress or exhaustion.
For Recipients: Especially in international or cross-cultural settings, volunteers may
unintentionally impose their values or solutions that don't align with local needs. Temporary
volunteers may not provide lasting support, leaving projects incomplete or unsustainable.
4. What are the benefits of keeping discussion going?
- Stronger Relationships: Engaging in meaningful discussions fosters trust, empathy, and rapport
among participants.
- Conflict Resolution: Continuing a discussion helps participants identify the root causes of
disagreements and work toward resolution.
- Learning and Growth: Participants improve communication, active listening, and critical thinking
skills. Longer discussions allow for a deeper exchange of knowledge and experiences.
5. How can people work together most effectively?
Effective collaboration requires a combination of clear communication, mutual respect, and shared
goals:
- Establish Clear Goals and Roles: Ensure everyone understands the purpose of the collaboration
and the desired outcomes.
- Foster Open and Respectful Communication: Encourage listening without interruption and
validate others' input. Offer constructive criticism and be open to receiving it without
defensiveness.
- Manage Conflict Proactively: Resolve misunderstandings or disagreements before they
escalate. Use neutral facilitators if necessary to maintain harmony.
6. Which is more important, the individual or the community?
Both the individual and the community are interconnected and essential in different ways, and their
importance can be understood as complementary rather than mutually exclusive. Individuals are
the building blocks of society, and their actions, decisions, and integrity shape the community.
Communities provide a support system, shared resources, and collective knowledge that
individuals cannot achieve alone.
→ respecting individual autonomy while fostering a sense of community and shared responsibility.
7. Is social networking good for emotional health?
- Provides a platform to stay connected with friends, family, and like-minded communities,
reducing feelings of loneliness and isolation.
- Helps individuals find support groups and communities that align with their interests or struggles.
- Offers a space to share experiences and receive encouragement, empathy, and advice.
- Enables real-time communication, which can help during emotional crises.
8. Has social media had a negative impact on our offline character?
- Over-reliance on digital communication can make people less skilled at face-to-face interactions.
- Social media allows people to disengage or "block" others easily, which may reduce resilience in
dealing with real-life disagreements.
- Anxiety, insecurity, or jealousy stemming from social media can manifest in offline interactions,
affecting behavior and relationships.
9. What can young people, parents, schools and the government do to reduce the problems
associated with social networking?
Young People
- Limit screen time and take regular breaks from social media to avoid overuse and burnout.
- Learn to deal with online criticism constructively and recognize the curated nature of others’
posts.
- Actively report cyberbullying, inappropriate content, or harassment and block problematic users.
- Prioritize meaningful offline connections and avoid substituting real-life relationships with online
ones.
Parents
- Set a good example by practicing balanced social media use and prioritizing offline interactions.
- Maintain open communication and use parental controls judiciously to protect children without
undermining trust.
- Promote hobbies, sports, and social events that build real-world skills and relationships.
Schools
- Teach students how to navigate social media responsibly, evaluate sources, and recognize cyber
risks.
- Host workshops or talks on topics like online safety, mental health, and the impact of social
media.
- Implement strict guidelines to address and prevent cyberbullying within the school community.
Government
- Enforce laws that require social media companies to protect users from harmful content, data
misuse, and cyberbullying.
- Fund initiatives to educate the public on responsible social media use and the importance of
mental health.
- Invest in studies about social media's impact and develop evidence-based policies to mitigate its
risks.

Part 2: Present
1. Discuss about the benefits and challenges of group work?
"Group work can be incredibly beneficial for several reasons. One of the most significant benefits
is that it allows individuals to collaborate and share ideas. With diverse perspectives, you're able
to approach problems from different angles and come up with more creative solutions. It also helps
develop key skills such as teamwork, communication, and leadership, which are important in any
professional setting. Sharing the workload can also reduce stress, making the entire process more
manageable and efficient."
"However, there are challenges as well. One of the most common issues is unequal participation.
Some members may not contribute as much, which can cause frustration for others who feel they're
doing the majority of the work. Miscommunication is another challenge; when you're working in
a group, it's easy for messages to get lost or misunderstood. Conflicts can arise too, particularly
when there are differences in opinions or working styles. Managing these conflicts requires good
communication and a willingness to compromise."
"In conclusion, while group work can be highly beneficial in fostering collaboration and skill
development, it's important to recognize and address the challenges, such as unequal participation
and conflict, to ensure a successful outcome."
2. Discuss about the benefits and challenges of volunteer work?
"Volunteering can be an incredibly rewarding experience, both for the volunteer and the
community. One of the most significant benefits of volunteer work is the sense of fulfillment and
satisfaction that comes from helping others. Many people find that volunteering offers a deep sense
of purpose, knowing they're making a positive difference. It also provides a great opportunity to
develop new skills. For example, volunteering in a leadership position can help you strengthen
your organizational and communication skills."
"Another benefit is the chance to meet new people and build valuable relationships. Through
volunteering, you can connect with a wide variety of individuals, and these connections can lead
to networking opportunities, personal friendships, or even career prospects. Additionally,
volunteering has been shown to improve mental health by providing a sense of purpose and
reducing stress."
"However, volunteer work comes with its own set of challenges. One major challenge is the time
commitment. Finding the time to volunteer, especially when you have other responsibilities like
work or school, can be difficult. Another challenge is burnout—volunteers who are deeply invested
in a cause may find themselves physically or emotionally exhausted. There's also the issue of
resources. Many volunteer organizations operate on tight budgets, and volunteers may not always
have the support they need."
"Lastly, sometimes the impact of volunteer work may feel limited, especially when the problems
you're working to address are large or deeply entrenched. It's important to remember, however,
that even small efforts can contribute to larger positive changes over time."
"In conclusion, while volunteer work offers a range of benefits, including personal fulfillment,
skill development, and making a positive impact, it's essential to be aware of the challenges like
time commitment, burnout, and limited resources, and find ways to manage them to ensure a
rewarding experience."
3. Positive and negative effects of social media on our physical and mental well – being?
"Social media has both positive and negative effects on our physical and mental well-being. On
the positive side, it allows us to stay connected with friends and family, which is crucial for mental
health. For example, people dealing with mental health issues can find support groups or
communities that share similar experiences, reducing feelings of isolation. Social media also
provides a wealth of information on health, fitness, and wellness, helping us make better choices
for our physical and mental health.Moreover, social media can serve as a source of motivation and
encouragement, especially for those pursuing fitness goals or trying to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Following fitness influencers or joining online fitness groups can help keep people accountable
and inspired."
"However, there are negative effects as well. One of the most significant concerns is the impact
social media has on mental health. Constant exposure to curated, idealized versions of others' lives
can cause feelings of inadequacy or anxiety. The pressure to gain likes or followers can lead to
stress, and negative comments or cyberbullying can further harm mental well-being. Another issue
is the disruption of sleep. Spending time on social media late at night, particularly on devices with
bright screens, can interfere with our sleep patterns, leading to fatigue and stress. Social media
also contributes to unrealistic body standards, which can result in body dissatisfaction and lower
self-esteem, especially among young people. Physically, excessive screen time can cause eye
strain, headaches, and poor posture, which leads to long-term discomfort. It also encourages a
sedentary lifestyle, which can contribute to obesity and other health problems." Lastly, social
media addiction is a growing issue. People may become dependent on it, checking their
notifications repeatedly, which can interfere with personal relationships and real-life activities."
"In conclusion, while social media has its advantages, such as providing connection, support, and
access to valuable information, it is essential to be mindful of its negative effects, especially on
mental health and physical well-being. Setting boundaries and using social media in a balanced,
mindful way can help mitigate these risks."

UNIT 2: GAMES
Part 1: Interview
1. How do you think games have changed over the past 10 years?
Over the past decade, video games have become much more immersive, realistic, and accessible.
The graphics, AI, and gameplay mechanics have dramatically improved, leading to a more
engaging experience. Online multiplayer gaming has become a central aspect, with e-sports and
live streaming gaining massive popularity. Additionally, mobile gaming has surged, allowing more
people to play anywhere, anytime. There’s also been a focus on inclusivity, with games offering
more diverse characters and narratives.
2. Which one would you prefer, E – sports or outdoor activities?
Both E-sports and outdoor activities have their merits. E-sports offer excitement, strategy, and the
ability to connect with others worldwide, while outdoor activities provide physical exercise, fresh
air, and a connection to nature. If I had to choose, outdoor activities might be preferable for
physical and mental well-being, offering a more direct way to stay healthy and enjoy the outdoors.
3. What social skills can playing games offer?
Playing games, especially multiplayer ones, can develop various social skills, such as teamwork,
communication, and problem-solving. Players learn to collaborate, negotiate, and share
responsibilities in order to achieve a common goal. Games also encourage conflict resolution, as
disagreements are common, and players must learn to compromise or work through differences.
4. What are some benefits of sports?
Sports offer numerous benefits, including physical health improvements such as better
cardiovascular fitness, increased strength, and flexibility. They also contribute to mental well-
being by reducing stress, boosting self-confidence, and promoting positive social interactions.
Sports teach teamwork, discipline, and leadership, while also providing a sense of community
and accomplishment.
5. Do you think Doping should be accepted in sports? Why?
No, doping should not be accepted in sports. It undermines the fairness and integrity of the
competition and puts athletes’ health at risk. Sports are meant to showcase natural talent,
dedication, and hard work, and doping artificially enhances performance, giving some athletes an
unfair advantage. It also sends the wrong message to fans and aspiring athletes, especially younger
generations.
6. Should dangerous sports be banned for adults and children?
Dangerous sports should not necessarily be banned, but proper safety regulations and precautions
must be in place. Adults should have the freedom to choose their activities, but it is essential to
ensure that participants are well-informed of the risks involved. For children, more caution is
necessary, and dangerous sports should be closely monitored and only allowed if appropriate safety
measures are in place.
7. Do you think video games have a positive impact on children in your country?
Video games can have both positive and negative effects on children, depending on the content
and how much time they spend playing. Positive impacts include improving cognitive skills, such
as problem-solving and strategic thinking, and enhancing hand-eye coordination. Some games also
promote teamwork and creativity. However, excessive gaming or exposure to violent content can
have detrimental effects on children’s behavior and mental health.
8. Do you think video games are socially isolating? Why/ Why not?
Video games can be socially isolating if played excessively, especially when they replace face-to-
face interactions. However, many modern video games feature online multiplayer modes, which
allow players to connect and collaborate with others globally. These games can create a sense of
community and friendship. Balance is key, and gaming should complement rather than replace in-
person socializing.
9. What effects do video games have on academic performance and health?
Video games can have both positive and negative effects on academic performance and health. On
one hand, they can improve cognitive abilities such as concentration, problem-solving, and
memory, which may help with academic tasks. On the other hand, excessive gaming can lead to
neglecting studies, poor time management, and reduced physical activity. Health issues may
include eye strain, poor posture, and sleep disruption, especially if gaming is done excessively or
late at night.
10. What do you think are the main reasons for the increased popularity of streaming and
online gaming?
The main reasons for the growth of streaming and online gaming include improved internet
infrastructure, which allows for smooth gameplay and streaming experiences, as well as the rise
of platforms like Twitch and YouTube. The social aspect of gaming, where players can interact
with others in real time, also contributes to its appeal. Additionally, the ability to access a wide
range of games and entertainment content at any time has made gaming and streaming more
accessible to a global audience.
11. What are some of the disadvantages of streaming services?
While streaming services offer convenience, they have some disadvantages. One issue is the cost
of multiple subscriptions to different platforms, which can add up over time. Streaming services
also rely heavily on stable internet connections, and buffering or low-quality streams can disrupt
the viewing experience. Additionally, there is a growing concern about the impact on mental
health, as binge-watching can lead to sedentary behavior and reduced productivity.
Part 2: Present
1. Discuss opportunities and challenges of E – sports.
+ In terms of health
+ In terms of career
+ Explain why E-sport should not be encouraged
Speaking Sample
"E-sports has become a global phenomenon, offering both exciting opportunities and challenges
for participants. In terms of health, there are clear cognitive benefits, as playing games can improve
mental agility, problem-solving skills, and hand-eye coordination. Many players also form global
communities, which can be valuable for social interaction. However, on the flip side, excessive
gaming can lead to physical health problems, such as eye strain, poor posture, and a sedentary
lifestyle. Mental health can also be affected, with the pressure of competition potentially causing
stress or burnout."
"From a career perspective, e-sports offers exciting opportunities for professional gamers,
streamers, and even coaches. The industry is growing, providing jobs in marketing, broadcasting,
and content creation. Still, it’s a high-risk career, with many players experiencing a short career
span, often peaking in their early twenties. Financial instability is also a concern, as not every
player will secure a stable income from gaming."
"However, I believe e-sports should not be overly encouraged, especially when it comes to young
people. The physical health risks of a sedentary lifestyle, combined with potential mental health
issues such as stress and social isolation, are significant concerns. Additionally, the pressure to
succeed in such a competitive field can create unrealistic expectations. While gaming can be a fun
and rewarding activity, it should be enjoyed in moderation, without overshadowing other important
aspects of life, such as physical activity, face-to-face relationships, and long-term career planning."

UNIT 3: ENERGY
Part 1. Interview
1. What kind of changes have places where you live, study, or work faced?
Over time, areas where I live, study, or work may have undergone significant changes such as
urbanization, with more buildings and infrastructure being developed. The introduction of new
technologies like smart devices and high-speed internet could also be evident.
2. What kind of jobs require much energy?
Jobs that require a lot of physical energy typically include manual labor positions, such as
construction workers, factory workers, farm laborers, and delivery drivers. Jobs in high -
performance sports, fitness training, or event management can also require substantial energy.
3. Do you think manual work will all be done by machines in the future?
While automation and robotics will likely continue to play a larger role in performing repetitive or
dangerous tasks, there will always be a need for manual workers. Machines may handle many
tasks more efficiently, but human oversight, decision-making, creativity, and adaptability cannot
be entirely replaced.
4. Do you think manual workers will earn more in the future?
It's possible that manual workers may earn more in the future, especially in sectors where
specialized skills are required, such as in trades like plumbing, electrical work, or advanced
manufacturing. However, wage increases will depend on factors such as supply and demand,
economic conditions, and the evolution of labor markets.
5. How can you save the amount of energy you use everyday?
- Turning off lights and appliances when not in use.
- Using energy-efficient appliances and light bulbs (LEDs).
- Unplugging devices when they’re not needed.
- Using public transportation or carpooling instead of driving alone.
6. Do you think solar cells, wind farms, tidal power, hydropower and thermal energy will
solve our future energy needs?
These renewable energy sources can play a significant role in addressing future energy needs.They
can reduce dependency on fossil fuels and help combat climate change, but infrastructure,
economic feasibility, and geographical limitations will determine their success.
7. Why is renewable energy important?
Renewable energy is important because it is sustainable and has a much lower environmental
impact compared to fossil fuels. It helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions, mitigate climate
change, and promote cleaner air and water.
8. Should governments invest more in renewable energy?
Yes, governments should invest more in renewable energy. Such investments can drive the
development of cleaner, more sustainable energy systems, reduce environmental damage, create
jobs, and help countries meet climate goals.
9. How can individuals contribute to the use of renewable energy?
- Using energy-efficient appliances and renewable energy sources like solar panels.
- Supporting policies and businesses that prioritize renewable energy.
- Reducing energy consumption through conscious actions like turning off lights, using less
heating, and conserving water.
- Driving electric vehicles or using public transport to reduce carbon footprints.
- Raising awareness and advocating for cleaner energy choices.
10. How has the use of renewable energy changed over time?
The use of renewable energy has significantly increased in recent decades. Advances in
technology, such as more efficient solar panels and wind turbines, have made renewable energy
more viable and cost-competitive. Public awareness and supportive policies have also contributed
to the growth of renewable energy sources.
11. What do you know about renewable energy?
Renewable energy comes from sources that are naturally replenished, such as the sun (solar
energy), wind (wind energy), water (hydropower), geothermal heat, and biomass. These sources
are more sustainable than fossil fuels, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and offer the potential for
cleaner, more affordable energy.
12. What role can education play in promoting awareness about renewable energy?
Education plays a crucial role in promoting awareness about renewable energy by informing
people about the importance of sustainable energy sources and how they can reduce their
environmental impact. Public awareness campaigns and educational programs can help shift
consumer behavior toward greener choices.
13. What challenges do societies face in the transition to a renewable energy landscape?
- Infrastructure limitations: Many regions lack the infrastructure necessary to support large-scale
renewable energy production.
- Cost: Initial investments in renewable energy technologies can be high, though the long-term
savings outweigh the upfront costs.
- Intermittency: Renewable sources like solar and wind are intermittent and may not be available
consistently, requiring effective energy storage solutions.
14. What are the main sources of energy in your country?
The main sources of energy in my country vary, but typically, fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural
gas have been the dominant sources. However, renewable energy sources like wind, solar, and
hydropower are increasingly contributing to the energy mix, as governments and businesses
prioritize cleaner energy to meet climate goals.
15. What energy does your country produce?
My country produces a mix of energy, including fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), along with
increasing amounts of renewable energy (solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal).
16. How could you minimize the adverse environmental effects of your lifestyle?
- Use energy-efficient appliances and reduce overall energy consumption.
- Opt for sustainable transportation options like cycling, walking, or public transport.
- Reduce waste through recycling, composting, and choosing products with minimal packaging.
- Support sustainable and ethical brands that prioritize environmentally friendly practices.
- Conserve water and reduce plastic usage to reduce waste and pollution.

Part 2:
1. Describe an initiative related to energy and resources that was implemented in your city.
+ Describe energy
+ Why do you think sustainable energy is important for cities like HCM?
+ Steps should be taken to manages its resources more effectively?
Describe an initiative related to energy and resources that was implemented in your city.
In my city, Ho Chi Minh City (HCM), a significant initiative was launched to promote solar energy.
The local government introduced a program that encourages both businesses and households to
install solar panels. They provided financial incentives and technical support to make it more
accessible. The aim was to reduce the dependency on non-renewable energy sources, lower
electricity costs, and contribute to the reduction of carbon emissions. Additionally, there has been
a push to improve waste management and recycling programs to manage resources better.
Describe energy.
Energy refers to the capacity to do work. It comes in different forms, including electricity, heat,
and light. The most common sources of energy are fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas, but
renewable energy sources, like solar, wind, and hydropower, are becoming increasingly important
due to their environmental benefits.
Why do you think sustainable energy is important for cities like HCM?
Sustainable energy is vital for cities like HCM due to the growing population and urbanization. As
the demand for electricity increases, relying on traditional fossil fuels can lead to higher pollution
and environmental degradation. By shifting to renewable sources like solar and wind, HCM can
reduce its carbon footprint, improve air quality, and ensure long-term energy security for future
generations. Sustainable energy also helps reduce energy costs in the long term and promotes green
jobs and economic growth.
Steps should be taken to manage its resources more effectively?
To manage resources more effectively, HCM should focus on:
• Investing in renewable energy infrastructure like solar and wind to decrease reliance on
fossil fuels.
• Encouraging energy efficiency in buildings and industries through stricter regulations and
incentives.
 • Promoting public transportation to reduce energy consumption and pollution.
• Educating citizens on the importance of recycling, conserving water, and reducing waste.
• Developing smarter waste management systems to reduce waste sent to landfills and
improve resource recovery.
2. Advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy?
Advantages of Renewable Energy:
One of the main advantages of renewable energy is that it is environmentally friendly. Unlike
fossil fuels, renewable sources like solar, wind, and hydro power produce little to no greenhouse
gas emissions, helping to reduce climate change and air pollution.
Another advantage is that renewable energy is sustainable. Unlike coal or oil, which are finite
resources, renewable energy comes from sources that are naturally replenished, like the sun or
wind. This means that, in theory, we can use them forever without running out.
Renewable energy can also reduce dependence on imported energy. By harnessing local
renewable resources, countries can increase their energy security and reduce the cost of importing
fossil fuels.
Disadvantages of Renewable Energy:
However, there are some disadvantages to renewable energy as well. One key challenge is the
intermittency of some sources. For example, solar and wind power depend on weather conditions,
which can be unpredictable, leading to periods when energy production is low.
Another disadvantage is that the initial investment for renewable energy infrastructure, such as
solar panels or wind turbines, can be expensive. While the operational costs are often lower, the
upfront costs can be a barrier for some individuals or businesses.
Finally, the land and space requirements for certain types of renewable energy can be significant.
For example, large solar farms or wind turbines require considerable space, which may not always
be available in densely populated areas.

UNIT 4: RISK
Part 1: Interview
1. What skills and qualities do companies typically value in people they hire?
Companies value skills like communication, problem-solving, teamwork, and technical expertise.
Qualities such as adaptability, initiative, and reliability are also highly sought after.
2. What risks might there be for a company in hiring someone with maverick qualities?
Hiring someone with maverick qualities might bring challenges like difficulty in fitting into the
company culture, resistance to authority, or non-conformity that may disrupt team dynamics.
However, these risks can be managed if the individual’s unique skills align with company goals.
3. What benefits might a maverick new hire bring?
Mavericks can bring fresh ideas, creativity, and innovation. They may challenge the status quo,
leading to improvements in processes or products and inspiring others to think outside the box.
4. How do we define success in a group task – process or outcome?
Success in a group task can be defined by both process and outcome. While achieving the desired
result is crucial, how the group works together—collaboration, communication, and problem-
solving—can also be an important measure of success.
5. What risk do people take in their family life, social life, work life and leisure time?
In family life, risks include relationship issues or financial instability. In social life, risks involve
rejection or social conflicts. In work life, risks may involve career changes or taking on challenging
projects. In leisure time, risks can range from physical injuries in sports to personal safety in
adventurous activities.
6.What risks do ordinary people take with money every day? How can these risks be
avoided?
Ordinary people take risks like overspending, investing in volatile assets, or failing to save. These
risks can be minimized by budgeting, making informed investment decisions, and having
emergency savings.
7. Do you agree that young people take more risks than older people? Why/ Why not?
Yes, young people tend to take more risks, often because of a desire for adventure, less experience
with consequences, or seeking independence. Older people may be more cautious due to life
experience and responsibilities.
8.How do assess risk in your own life?
I assess risk by evaluating potential consequences, weighing the benefits against the dangers, and
considering if the risk aligns with my goals or values.
9. Who usually takes risks, why?
People who are more adventurous, curious, or have fewer responsibilities are likely to take risks.
They may seek excitement, growth, or rewards. Others may take risks to challenge themselves or
achieve success.
10. Why do boys take risks more often than girls?
Boys tend to take more risks due to differences in brain development and social conditioning. Boys
may also be encouraged to be more daring and competitive, while girls are often socialized to be
more cautious.
11. What advice should parents give to children to avoid taking risks?
Parents should teach children to assess situations carefully, consider consequences, and make
decisions based on reasoning rather than impulse. Encouraging problem-solving and open
communication is key.
12. Should we read about dangerous situations, why?
Yes, reading about dangerous situations helps raise awareness, provides learning opportunities,
and can prepare people for risks they may encounter in their own lives. It promotes safety and
informed decision-making.
13. Why do some people like to watch risk-taking movies?
People enjoy risk-taking movies because they provide excitement, adrenaline, and a sense of
adventure. These movies often offer an escape from everyday life and allow people to vicariously
experience high-stakes situations.
14. What kinds of sports are dangerous but exciting?
Sports like skydiving, rock climbing, base jumping, and extreme surfing are dangerous but thrilling
due to the physical challenges and adrenaline rush involved.
15. Why do some people enjoy dangerous sports?
Some people enjoy dangerous sports because they provide excitement, challenge, and the thrill of
pushing personal limits. These activities also offer a sense of accomplishment and adrenaline.
16. Do you think everything people do involves some degree of risk?
Yes, most activities involve some level of risk, whether it's physical, emotional, or financial. Even
simple actions like crossing the street or making a decision at work carry potential risks.
17. Is it a good thing for leaders to be risk-takers?
It can be good for leaders to take calculated risks, as it can drive innovation, inspire change, and
help achieve breakthroughs. However, reckless risk-taking can lead to failure and harm the
organization.
18. Should society ever discourage risk-taking?
Society should discourage reckless or unnecessary risk-taking, especially when it endangers others
or the individual. However, calculated risks that promote personal growth, innovation, and societal
progress should be encouraged.
Part 2. Describe a time you took risk, you thought that bad things happened but still took it
because you believed it had positives
You should say:
What bad things were
When you took risks
And explain why it had positive results
A time when I took a risk, and at first, it seemed like a bad decision, was when I decided to study
abroad for a semester in a country I had never been to before.
When I first arrived, I faced several challenges. I was in an unfamiliar environment, far from home,
and had to adjust to a new culture, language, and way of life. I felt homesick and struggled with
communication, as I wasn't fluent in the local language. The academic workload was also much
heavier than I had anticipated, and at times, I thought I made the wrong decision.
The bad things that happened were feelings of isolation, frustration, and stress. There were
moments when I doubted whether I should have stayed at home instead of going abroad, especially
when things seemed to go wrong.
Despite these difficulties, I decided to push through, believing that the experience would bring
long-term benefits. Over time, I adapted to the new culture, made new friends, and gained
confidence in navigating unfamiliar situations. The experience helped me develop valuable skills
such as problem-solving, adaptability, and communication in diverse settings.
In the end, studying abroad was one of the best decisions I made. Not only did it expand my
worldview, but it also enhanced my career prospects by giving me an international perspective. I
became more self-reliant and learned to embrace challenges.

UNIT 5. SPRAWL
PART 1.
1. Why do you think the cities have expanded at a faster rate than the suburbs?
Cities have expanded faster due to greater job opportunities, better access to education and
healthcare, and more amenities that attract businesses and residents. Suburbs often take longer to
develop infrastructure and attract economic activity.
2. Why might poverty be a greater issue in the suburbs?
In some suburbs, poverty can be hidden because of the general perception of suburban areas being
affluent. Limited access to social services, fewer job opportunities, and lower wages can contribute
to higher poverty rates.
3. Do you agree that it is better for people to live in cities or suburbs?
It depends on personal preferences. Cities offer convenience and more opportunities, while suburbs
provide a quieter environment, more space, and often better schools. Both have pros and cons
depending on lifestyle choices.
4. Do you eat at international chain restaurants? Why?
Yes, I occasionally eat at international chain restaurants because they offer convenience,
consistency, and familiar flavors when I’m in a rush or traveling.
5. What languages are needed for the 21st century workplace?
English remains dominant, but knowing languages like Mandarin, Spanish, and Arabic can be
beneficial, especially in international business, trade, and diplomatic relations.
6. Do you enjoy the city you currently reside in?
Yes, I enjoy living in the city due to the accessibility of services, vibrant culture, and diverse
opportunities, though I also appreciate the need for quiet spaces.
7. Do you prefer urban or rural living?
I prefer urban living because it offers more opportunities and convenience, but I also appreciate
the tranquility and beauty of rural areas for vacations or getaways.
8. Is growing up in the city beneficial for young people?
Yes, growing up in a city exposes young people to diversity, cultural experiences, and educational
opportunities that can help them develop skills and broaden their perspectives.
9. What are some of the challenges that cities and towns face?
Cities and towns often struggle with issues like traffic congestion, pollution, lack of affordable
housing, crime, and managing urban sprawl.
11. What are the reasons for urban migration?
Urban migration is driven by job opportunities, better access to healthcare, education, and social
services, as well as the promise of a higher quality of life.
12. .Do you live in a city that has experienced urban sprawl?
Yes, many cities experience urban sprawl, which involves the uncontrolled expansion of urban
areas into surrounding rural land, resulting in increased traffic and environmental impact.
13.How do you feel about the growing size of cities?
While the growing size of cities can lead to more opportunities and diversity, it can also create
challenges such as congestion, pollution, and higher living costs.
14.Do you think urban sprawl is a positive or negative trend?
Urban sprawl is largely negative because it leads to environmental degradation, increases
infrastructure costs, and reduces the quality of life in both urban and surrounding areas.
15.Were there fewer people in the city when you were younger?
Yes, many cities have grown significantly over time due to urban migration and population growth,
leading to denser populations and increased demand for housing and services.
16.How do you think cities will look in the future due to urban sprawl?
Cities may become more spread out, with larger suburban areas, increased traffic, and more
challenges related to resource management and environmental impact.
17. What are the main causes of urban sprawl?
Urban sprawl is caused by population growth, inadequate urban planning, availability of cheap
land on the outskirts, and the desire for more living space outside crowded city centers.
18. How does urban sprawl affect the environment?
Urban sprawl leads to habitat destruction, increased air pollution, and greater carbon emissions
due to longer commutes, while reducing green spaces and natural ecosystems.
19. Do you think public transportation can help reduce urban sprawl?
Yes, improving public transportation can help reduce urban sprawl by encouraging higher-density
development and reducing the need for car ownership, which helps limit urban expansion.
20. How can city planners deal with the challenges of urban sprawl?
City planners can focus on sustainable development, improve public transportation systems,
enforce zoning laws, and promote mixed-use developments to prevent excessive sprawl.
21. Do you think urban sprawl will continue to be a problem in the future?
Yes, urban sprawl is likely to continue unless cities take proactive steps to implement better
planning and focus on sustainable development practices.
22. Do you think suburban areas are becoming more popular?
Yes, suburban areas are becoming more popular due to lower housing costs, better schools, and
the desire for a quieter lifestyle, especially in post-pandemic times with more remote work options.
23.How do suburban areas differ from urban areas in terms of lifestyle?
Suburban areas are quieter, with more space, and tend to offer a more family-oriented lifestyle.
Urban areas are busier, with more job opportunities, cultural activities, and amenities.
24. Have you ever lived in a suburban area? What was it like?
Yes, living in a suburban area can be peaceful and spacious, with a strong sense of community, but
it may lack the convenience and vibrancy of a city.
25. Do you think suburban sprawl affects the countryside?
Yes, suburban sprawl can lead to the encroachment of farmland and natural landscapes, reducing
biodiversity and damaging the environment.
26. Will suburban sprawl continue to increase in the future?
Suburban sprawl will likely continue as cities expand, but more sustainable development practices
and better planning could reduce its negative impact.
27. How does suburban sprawl affect local communities?
Suburban sprawl can increase traffic, reduce access to public services, and change the character of
neighborhoods, making them more spread out and less connected.
28. Do you think governments should invest more in suburban areas?
Governments should invest in suburban areas to improve infrastructure, access to services, and
sustainable development, while also addressing environmental concerns.
29. Why are more people moving to suburban areas nowadays?
More people are moving to suburban areas due to lower housing costs, more space, better schools,
and the increased ability to work remotely.
30. How does suburban sprawl affect the economy of a region?
Suburban sprawl can increase infrastructure costs for local governments, strain public services,
and lead to more car dependency, which can affect the regional economy.
31. Are you concerned about the environmental impact of urban sprawl?
This is a personal question, and the answer depends on individual values and beliefs. However,
considering the potential negative consequences of urban sprawl on the environment, many people
are indeed concerned.
32. What types of pollution are caused by urban sprawl?
•Air Pollution: Increased traffic from longer commutes and the expansion of industrial areas can
lead to higher levels of air pollutants like nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and greenhouse gases.
•Water Pollution: Runoff from paved surfaces can carry pollutants like oil, fertilizers, and
pesticides into waterways, harming aquatic ecosystems. Sprawl can also strain water resources by
increasing demand for water for residential and commercial uses.
•Noise Pollution: The constant noise from traffic, construction, and other urban activities can
disrupt wildlife habitats and negatively impact human health and well-being.
•Light Pollution: The expansion of urban areas can lead to increased light pollution, which can
disrupt natural rhythms and negatively impact ecosystems.
33. Do you think more green spaces should be preserved in cities?
Yes, preserving green spaces in cities is crucial for several reasons:
•Environmental benefits: Green spaces help improve air and water quality, provide habitat for
wildlife, and mitigate the urban heat island effect.
•Social benefits: Green spaces offer opportunities for recreation, relaxation, and social interaction,
promoting physical and mental well-being.
•Economic benefits: Green spaces can enhance property values and attract businesses and
residents.
34. How do you feel about the loss of natural land due to urban sprawl?
The loss of natural land due to urban sprawl is a significant concern for many people. It can lead
to the destruction of habitats, the loss of biodiversity, and the degradation of natural resources.
35. What are the potential long-term effects of sprawl on the environment?
The long-term effects of sprawl on the environment can be far-reaching and include:
•Climate change: Sprawl contributes to increased greenhouse gas emissions, which can accelerate
climate change.
•Loss of biodiversity: The destruction of natural habitats can lead to the extinction of species and
the loss of biodiversity.
•Resource depletion: Sprawl can strain natural resources like water and energy, leading to
shortages and conflicts.
•Habitat fragmentation: Sprawl can fragment natural habitats, making it difficult for wildlife to
move and find resources.
36. How can governments reduce the environmental effects of urban sprawl?
Governments can play a crucial role in mitigating the environmental effects of urban sprawl
through various strategies:
Smart Growth Policies: Implementing policies that encourage development within existing urban
areas, such as infill development, transit-oriented development, and mixed-use zoning, can reduce
the need for outward expansion.
Investing in Public Transportation: Expanding and improving public transportation systems can
reduce car dependency, leading to lower emissions and less traffic congestion.
Promoting Sustainable Land Use Practices: Encouraging the preservation of green spaces,
protecting natural habitats, and promoting sustainable land use practices can help mitigate the
environmental impacts of sprawl.
Implementing Building Codes and Regulations: Setting stricter building codes and regulations that
promote energy efficiency, water conservation, and the use of sustainable materials can reduce the
environmental footprint of new developments.
Incentivizing Sustainable Development: Providing financial incentives and tax breaks for
developers who adopt sustainable practices can encourage the development of more
environmentally friendly communities.
37. What are some alternative ways to develop cities that have less impact on the
environment?
Compact Development: Creating high-density, mixed-use developments that integrate residential,
commercial, and retail spaces within walkable neighborhoods.
Transit-Oriented Development: Designing communities around public transportation hubs,
making it easier for residents to access jobs, amenities, and services without relying on cars.
Green Building Initiatives: Promoting the construction of energy-efficient, environmentally
friendly buildings that use renewable energy sources, minimize water usage, and incorporate green
spaces.
Sustainable Urban Agriculture: Integrating urban agriculture into the city landscape, such as
community gardens and rooftop farms, can reduce the reliance on long-distance food
transportation and improve local food security.
Preservation of Green Spaces: Protecting existing green spaces and creating new parks and
greenways can help mitigate the urban heat island effect, improve air quality, and provide habitat
for wildlife.
38. How does urban sprawl affect wildlife and biodiversity?
Habitat Loss and Fragmentation: The expansion of urban areas leads to the destruction and
fragmentation of natural habitats, reducing the available space for wildlife and disrupting their
movement patterns.
Loss of Biodiversity: Habitat loss and fragmentation can lead to the decline and extinction of
species, reducing biodiversity and disrupting the ecological balance.
Edge Effects: The creation of sharp boundaries between urban and natural areas can create edge
effects, such as increased predation and competition, that negatively impact wildlife.
Pollution: Urban sprawl can lead to increased pollution, including air, water, and light pollution,
which can harm wildlife and their habitats.
39. Do you think green building initiatives can help reduce environmental damage from
urban sprawl?
Yes, green building initiatives can play a significant role in reducing the environmental damage
from urban sprawl. By incorporating sustainable design principles and technologies, green
buildings can:
Reduce energy consumption: Through features like energy-efficient appliances, solar panels, and
high-performance insulation, green buildings can significantly reduce energy consumption and
greenhouse gas emissions.
Conserve water: By using water-efficient fixtures and appliances, rainwater harvesting systems,
and greywater recycling, green buildings can minimize water usage and reduce the strain on water
resources.
Minimize pollution: By using non-toxic materials and minimizing waste, green buildings can
reduce their environmental impact and improve indoor air quality.
Create healthier living spaces: Green buildings can provide healthier living spaces for their
occupants by incorporating natural light, ventilation, and green spaces, which can improve mental
and physical well-being.
40. What role does public awareness play in reducing the negative environmental impacts of
sprawl?
Public awareness plays a crucial role in reducing the negative environmental impacts of sprawl.
When people are aware of the consequences of sprawl and the importance of sustainable
development, they are more likely to:
Support policies and initiatives: Advocate for policies that promote sustainable urban
development, such as smart growth, public transportation, and green building.
Make informed choices: Choose to live in walkable, transit-oriented communities and make
conscious decisions about their transportation and consumption habits.
Participate in community efforts: Get involved in local initiatives that promote sustainability, such
as community gardens, tree planting programs, and green building projects.
41. Do you think urban sprawl is good or bad for the economy?
Positive Impacts:
Economic Growth: Sprawl can lead to short-term economic growth by creating jobs in
construction, retail, and other sectors related to new development.
Increased Tax Revenue: New development can generate additional tax revenue for local
governments.
Housing Affordability: In some cases, sprawl can make housing more affordable by increasing the
supply of land available for development.
Negative Impacts:
Increased Infrastructure Costs: Sprawl can strain public infrastructure, such as roads, water
systems, and schools, leading to higher costs for taxpayers.
Reduced Economic Efficiency: Longer commutes associated with sprawl can decrease
productivity and increase transportation costs.
Environmental Costs: The negative environmental impacts of sprawl, such as pollution and
resource depletion, can have indirect economic costs.
42. How has the economy in your area changed due to urban sprawl?
Job Growth: An increase in jobs in construction, retail, and other sectors related to new
development.
Increased Traffic Congestion: Longer commute times and increased traffic congestion leading to
decreased productivity.
Changes in Housing Market: Changes in housing prices and availability due to increased
development.
Strain on Public Services: Increased demand for public services like schools, roads, and water
infrastructure.
43. Do you think sprawl leads to higher costs for governments?
Yes, sprawl can lead to higher costs for governments due to the need to expand and maintain
infrastructure to support the growing population. These costs can include:
Road Construction and Maintenance: Building and maintaining roads, highways, and bridges to
accommodate increased traffic.
Water and Sewer Infrastructure: Expanding and maintaining water and sewer systems to serve new
developments.
School Construction and Maintenance: Building and maintaining schools to accommodate the
growing student population.
Public Safety Services: Providing police and fire protection to new developments.
44. Are there any businesses that have benefited from urban sprawl?
Yes, several businesses have benefited from urban sprawl:
Construction Companies: Residential and commercial construction companies have experienced
growth due to the increased demand for new housing and commercial buildings.
Retail Businesses: Retailers located in new developments or along major roadways have benefited
from increased consumer spending.
Transportation Companies: Companies involved in transportation, such as trucking and logistics
companies, have benefited from the increased movement of goods associated with sprawl.
45. How do you think sprawl will affect the economy in the future?
The future economic impacts of sprawl will depend on various factors, including population
growth, technological advancements, and government policies. Some potential future impacts
include:
Increased Inequality: Sprawl can exacerbate economic inequality by making it more difficult for
low-income residents to access jobs and affordable housing.
Environmental Costs: The long-term environmental costs of sprawl, such as climate change and
resource depletion, could have significant economic consequences.
Dependence on Automobiles: Continued reliance on automobiles can lead to increased traffic
congestion, higher transportation costs, and decreased productivity.
46. How does urban sprawl affect public services and infrastructure?
Increased Demand: As urban areas spread outward, there's a growing need for public services like
schools, hospitals, fire and police stations, and public transportation. This increased demand puts
a strain on existing resources and often requires significant investments in new infrastructure.
Strained Infrastructure: Sprawl often leads to underfunded infrastructure. Roads, water and sewer
systems, and public transportation may not be adequately designed or maintained to handle the
increased population and traffic. This can result in traffic congestion, water shortages, and aging
infrastructure.
Inefficient Service Delivery: Providing services to sprawling areas can be less efficient and more
costly. Longer distances between residents and service centers can increase response times for
emergency services and make it more difficult to provide adequate public transportation.
47. Do you think urban sprawl can lead to economic inequality?
Yes, urban sprawl can contribute to economic inequality in several ways:
Reduced Access to Opportunities: Sprawl often leads to residential segregation, where low-income
residents are concentrated in areas with limited access to jobs, quality education, and other
economic opportunities.
Increased Transportation Costs: Longer commutes associated with sprawl can increase
transportation costs for low-income households, reducing their disposable income.
Strained Public Services: As mentioned earlier, sprawl can strain public services, which can
disproportionately affect low-income communities that rely heavily on these services.
48. What are the economic benefits of reducing urban sprawl?
Increased Efficiency: Compact, walkable communities can improve economic efficiency by
reducing commuting times and transportation costs.
Improved Productivity: Shorter commute times can lead to increased productivity and reduced
stress for workers.
Reduced Infrastructure Costs: By focusing development in existing urban areas, governments can
avoid the high costs associated with expanding infrastructure into new areas.
Environmental Benefits: Reduced sprawl can lead to environmental benefits like improved air and
water quality, which can have positive economic impacts.
Enhanced Quality of Life: More compact, walkable communities can offer a higher quality of life,
attracting businesses and residents and boosting the local economy.
49. How can cities balance growth with economic sustainability?
Balancing growth with economic sustainability requires a multi-pronged approach:
Smart Growth Policies: Implementing policies that encourage development within existing urban
areas, such as infill development, transit-oriented development, and mixed-use zoning.
Investing in Public Transportation: Expanding and improving public transportation systems can
reduce car dependency and promote more sustainable travel patterns.
Promoting Sustainable Land Use Practices: Encouraging the preservation of green spaces and
protecting natural resources can help maintain the long-term health of the environment and the
economy.
Investing in Human Capital: Investing in education and job training programs can help ensure that
residents have the skills and knowledge needed to succeed in a changing economy.
Creating Affordable Housing: Promoting the development of affordable housing options can
ensure that all residents have access to decent, affordable housing.
50. How do you think sprawl will change the economy in the future?
Increased Inequality: Sprawl can exacerbate economic inequality by making it more difficult for
low-income residents to access jobs and affordable housing.
Environmental Costs: The long-term environmental costs of sprawl, such as climate change and
resource depletion, could have significant economic consequences.
Dependence on Automobiles: Continued reliance on automobiles can lead to increased traffic
congestion, higher transportation costs, and decreased productivity.
51. How has the spread of urban sprawl changed the way people interact in cities?
Urban sprawl can significantly alter social interactions in cities:
Reduced Walkability and Increased Car Dependence: Sprawl often leads to lower density
development with greater distances between homes, workplaces, and amenities. This encourages
car dependency, reducing opportunities for casual encounters and spontaneous interactions.
Isolation and Decreased Community Engagement: People living in sprawling areas may spend
more time commuting and less time in their neighborhoods. This can lead to a sense of isolation
and decreased community engagement.
Weakening of Neighborhood Ties: The traditional concept of a close-knit neighborhood can be
disrupted by sprawl, as people spend less time on their streets and have fewer opportunities to
interact with their neighbors.
Shift Towards Online Interactions: With increased isolation, people may rely more on online
interactions for social connection, which can further weaken face-to-face interactions.
52. Do you think people in sprawling areas are more isolated than in more centralized cities?
Yes, research suggests that people living in sprawling areas are more likely to experience social
isolation compared to those living in more centralized, walkable cities. This isolation can stem
from:
Reduced opportunities for casual encounters: Sprawl often leads to lower density development,
making it less likely for people to encounter each other in public spaces.
Increased reliance on cars: Car dependency can limit opportunities for social interaction, as people
spend more time commuting and less time in their neighborhoods.
Lack of community amenities: Sprawl can lead to a lack of community gathering spaces, such as
parks, cafes, and community centers, which can further contribute to social isolation.
53. How do you feel about the changing social dynamics in areas with a lot of sprawl?
This is a personal question, and opinions may vary. Some people may view the changing social
dynamics in sprawling areas negatively, citing concerns about increased isolation, decreased
community engagement, and a decline in social cohesion. Others may not see these changes as
significant or may even view them positively, emphasizing individual autonomy and freedom of
movement.
54. Has suburban sprawl affected family life in your country?
This question requires specific knowledge about the social context of your country. However, in
many countries, suburban sprawl has had an impact on family life:
Increased commuting times: Longer commutes can put a strain on family time, as parents spend
more time away from home.
Shift towards nuclear families: Sprawl may have contributed to a shift towards nuclear families,
as extended family members may live further apart.
Reduced emphasis on community: The decline of strong community ties in sprawling areas can
affect children's social development and their sense of belonging.
55. Will urban sprawl lead to cultural changes in the future?
Yes, urban sprawl can lead to cultural changes in the future:
Weakening of traditional community values: The decline of strong community ties in sprawling
areas can lead to a weakening of traditional community values and a decline in civic engagement.
Increased individualism: Sprawl can promote a more individualistic culture, as people become
more focused on their own needs and less connected to their neighbors and community.
Shift towards online culture: The increased reliance on online interactions in sprawling areas can
lead to a shift towards online culture, with a potential decline in face-to-face social interactions.
56. How does urban sprawl affect the sense of community in cities?
Reduced Opportunities for Interaction: Sprawl often leads to lower density development, making
it less likely for people to encounter each other in public spaces. This can lead to a decline in casual
social interactions and a sense of isolation.
Weakening of Neighborhood Ties: Sprawl can disrupt traditional neighborhood structures, as
people spend less time on their streets and have fewer opportunities to interact with their neighbors.
Increased Dependence on Cars: Car dependency can limit opportunities for social interaction, as
people spend more time commuting and less time in their neighborhoods.
Loss of Shared Spaces: Sprawl can lead to a decline in shared public spaces like parks, squares,
and community centers, which are important for fostering social interaction and community
building.
58. How can urban sprawl change the cultural identity of a place?
Erosion of Traditional Culture: Sprawl can lead to the erosion of traditional culture and the loss of
local traditions and customs. As people become more isolated and less connected to their
communities, traditional cultural practices may be lost or diluted.
Homogenization of Culture: Sprawl can contribute to the homogenization of culture, as new
development often leads to the replacement of unique local character with generic, mass-produced
buildings and landscapes.
Loss of Historical and Architectural Heritage: Sprawl often leads to the destruction of historic
buildings and neighborhoods, which are important repositories of cultural heritage.
59. Do you think urban sprawl makes it harder for people to maintain traditions?
Yes, urban sprawl can make it harder for people to maintain traditions. As mentioned earlier, sprawl
can lead to a decline in community ties and a loss of cultural heritage, making it more difficult for
people to pass down traditions to future generations. Additionally, the constant influx of new
residents in sprawling areas can dilute the cultural identity of the place and make it harder for
existing traditions to thrive.
60. How does suburban sprawl affect social life and public spaces?
Reduced Access to Public Spaces: Sprawl often leads to a lack of easily accessible public spaces
like parks, squares, and community centers. This can limit opportunities for social interaction and
recreation.
Car-Oriented Development: Suburban areas are often designed for car use, which can discourage
walking and cycling, limiting opportunities for casual encounters and social interaction.
Homogenization of Design: Suburban developments often lack the diversity and character of
traditional neighborhoods, leading to a sense of sameness and a lack of social identity.
61. Do you think urban sprawl will have a lasting cultural impact in the future?
Yes, urban sprawl is likely to have a lasting cultural impact in the future. As cities continue to
expand and populations grow, the effects of sprawl on community, culture, and social interaction
are likely to become more pronounced. It is important to consider these cultural impacts when
planning for future urban growth and development.
PART 2.
1. Describe a crowded place you’ve been to
You should say:
when you went there
where the place is (or, was)
who you went therewith
and explain how you felt about the place
One of the most crowded places I’ve been to was a famous tourist attraction in my city, a popular
market known for its vibrant atmosphere and local goods.
I visited this market last year during the holiday season, which is always the busiest time of the
year. I went there with a few of my friends because we wanted to experience the festive spirit, buy
some souvenirs, and enjoy the street food that’s famous there.
The market is located in the heart of the city, surrounded by historic buildings and bustling streets.
As soon as we arrived, we could feel the energy of the place. There were people everywhere—
tourists, locals, and street vendors. The narrow lanes were packed with stalls selling everything
from handmade crafts to delicious food, and there was a constant buzz of conversations, music,
and the smell of various spices in the air
I felt a mix of excitement and slight overwhelm because of the large crowd. It was exciting to be
in such a lively place with so much to see and do, but at times, it felt a little too crowded to move
freely, and the noise was quite loud. Despite that, I enjoyed the experience. It was a chance to soak
in the local culture and connect with the vibrant community. Overall, it was a memorable visit,
though I did have to make sure to stay close to my friends because of how busy the place was.

2. Describe an interesting town or city in your country that visitors might enjoy. You should
say:
What the place is called
Where the place is
What the facilities are like
And say why visitors might enjoy going there.
One interesting city in Vietnam that visitors might enjoy is Hoi An. It’s a UNESCO World Heritage
site known for its charming old town and cultural richness.
Hoi An is located in central Vietnam, near the coast, and is about a 30-minute drive from Da Nang,
another popular city. The town is famous for its well-preserved ancient architecture, which blends
influences from various cultures like Chinese, Japanese, and French. The streets are lined with
colorful buildings, lanterns, and traditional wooden houses.
The facilities in Hoi An cater to both locals and tourists. There are plenty of boutique hotels,
guesthouses, and restaurants offering delicious Vietnamese cuisine, especially fresh seafood and
local specialties like "Cao Lau" (a type of noodle). The town is also known for its tailoring shops,
where visitors can get custom-made clothing at affordable prices. Additionally, the beach is just a
short ride away, where visitors can relax and enjoy the view.
Visitors might enjoy going to Hoi An because it offers a unique mix of history, culture, and natural
beauty. The town is perfect for walking around, with pedestrian streets and scenic canals. The
iconic lantern-lit evenings are a highlight, making it a romantic and picturesque destination.
Visitors can also take part in cultural activities such as cooking classes, lantern-making workshops,
or even take a boat ride along the river.
Overall, Hoi An provides a peaceful, yet vibrant atmosphere, offering something for everyone—
from history lovers to foodies and beach enthusiasts.

3. Describe a suburban area you know well. You should say:

where it is located,
what the area is like,
how it has changed over the years and explain whether you think suburban areas are better
than urban a living.
"The suburban area I'm familiar with is located on the outskirts of a major city in the southeastern
United States. It's nestled between a large lake and a sprawling forest, offering a mix of natural
beauty and urban convenience.
The area is characterized by single-family homes with spacious lawns, winding streets, and a
strong sense of community. There are several parks and green spaces, including a large community
park with playgrounds, sports fields, and walking trails. You'll also find a good mix of residential
areas, local businesses like grocery stores and restaurants, and a few small shopping centers. The
overall atmosphere is peaceful and family-oriented.
Over the years, the area has seen significant growth. What was once farmland and scattered houses
has transformed into a thriving community with new developments and amenities. Traffic
congestion has increased, and the area has become more densely populated. However, efforts have
been made to preserve some of the natural beauty and open spaces, with the development of
greenways and nature preserves.
Now, whether suburban areas are 'better' than urban areas is a matter of personal preference.
Suburbs offer a quieter environment, more space, and often a stronger sense of community.
However, urban areas provide easier access to amenities, more job opportunities, and a more
diverse population.
Ultimately, the best living environment depends on individual needs and priorities. Some people
thrive in the hustle and bustle of city life, while others prefer the tranquility and space of the
suburbs."
4. Describe an area that has been affected by urban sprawl and its environmental impact.
You should say:
where the area is
how urban sprawl has affected it
what environmental problems have occurred, and explain whether anything can be done to
protect the environment area.
I'd like to talk about the impact of urban sprawl on the outskirts of Ho Chi Minh City, particularly
in areas like District 9 and District 2.
In recent decades, these areas have experienced rapid development, with farmland and green
spaces being converted into residential areas, industrial parks, and commercial centers. This rapid
expansion has led to several environmental problems.
Firstly, air and water pollution have become significant issues. Construction activities, increased
traffic, and industrial emissions have led to a rise in air pollutants. Meanwhile, untreated
wastewater from new developments and industrial facilities has contaminated rivers and canals,
impacting water quality and aquatic life.
Secondly, deforestation and habitat loss have occurred as natural areas are cleared for
development. This has resulted in the displacement of wildlife and a decline in biodiversity.
Thirdly, the increased impervious surfaces due to concrete and asphalt have exacerbated flooding
issues. With less land to absorb rainwater, heavy rainfall now leads to more frequent and severe
flooding in these areas.
However, there are steps that can be taken to protect the environment in these areas. Sustainable
urban planning is crucial, with a focus on mixed-use development, public transportation, and green
spaces. Stricter environmental regulations and enforcement are also necessary to control pollution
and protect natural resources. Additionally, raising public awareness about environmental issues
and promoting sustainable living practices among residents can make a significant difference.
In conclusion, the rapid urban sprawl in areas like District 9 and District 2 has had a significant
impact on the environment. By implementing sustainable development practices and raising public
awareness, we can mitigate these impacts and create a more sustainable future for these areas."

5. Describe a situation where urban sprawl influenced the economy of a place.

You should say:
what the place was,
how urban sprawl influenced the economy
what the positive and negative effects were, and explain whether you think this economic
impact was inevitable.
One suburban area I know well is District 9 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It is located to the
northeast of the city center and has been rapidly developing in recent years.
District 9 is a mix of residential, commercial, and agricultural areas. In the past, it was known for
its quiet neighborhoods and farmland. However, over the last 10-15 years, it has experienced
significant changes, with new housing developments, shopping malls, and office buildings
cropping up. The area has become a more desirable place to live due to its relatively lower cost of
living compared to the city center and its access to both urban amenities and green spaces.
The infrastructure has also improved with better roads, more schools, and healthcare facilities. The
presence of several industrial zones and tech companies nearby has brought more job opportunities
and attracted people from different parts of the country.
Over the years, District 9 has transformed from a quiet suburban area to a vibrant, mixed-use
district. This development has had positive effects, such as boosting the local economy and
providing more housing options for families. However, it has also resulted in some challenges, like
increased traffic congestion and the loss of green spaces.
As for whether suburban areas are better than urban living, it depends on individual preferences.
Suburban areas, like District 9, offer a quieter, more spacious environment, which can be ideal for
families. However, they tend to be less convenient when it comes to proximity to workplaces,
cultural activities, or entertainment. On the other hand, urban areas are more bustling and provide
a wider range of services, but they can be noisy and crowded. So, it really comes down to whether
you value peace and space over convenience and access.