CCS345

ETHICS
AND AI
PREPARED BY

MOHAN RAJ VIJAYAN

M.E (CSE), (PH.D.) M.B.A (PM), M.MUSIC, M.SC. (PSY), M.A

(PHILO), M.A (FRENCH), DIP.(ARCH & EPI)

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, MSEC

1.Study the morality and ethics in AI
2.Learn ae Ethical initiatives in the field of artificial intelligence
3.Study about AI standards and Regulations
4.Study about social and ethical issues of Robot Ethics
5.Study about AI and Ethics- challenges and opportunities

- COURSE OBJECTIVES
 UNIT I- INTRODUCTION
Definition of morality and ethics in AI-Impact on
society-Impact on human psychology- Impact on the
legal system-Impact on the environment and the planet-
Impact on trust
1. Definition of Morality and Ethics in AI
1.1 Morality in AI
Morality in AI refers to the application of ethical principles and values to the design,
development, and deployment of artificial intelligence systems. It concerns questions like:
•Should AI systems make decisions that align with human moral values?
•How can AI be designed to prioritize human well-being?
•What ethical considerations should guide AI behavior?

Morality in AI is inspired by human ethical theories, such as:

•Deontological Ethics (AI should follow strict rules and obligations)
•Utilitarianism (AI should make decisions that maximize overall well-being)
•Virtue Ethics (AI should reflect virtues such as honesty and fairness)
1.2 Ethics in AI
Ethics in AI involves ensuring that AI technologies are used in a responsible, transparent, and fair
manner. Ethical AI development considers:
•Bias and Fairness: AI should not discriminate based on gender, race, or socio-economic status.
•Privacy and Security: AI should protect user data from unauthorized access.
•Transparency and Explainability: AI decisions should be interpretable and justifiable.
•Accountability: Developers and organizations should be responsible for AI behavior.
 2. Impact on Society

AI is transforming society in significant ways, affecting industries, employment, and

personal lives. While AI-driven innovations bring efficiency and accessibility, they
also raise concerns about job losses, bias, and privacy.
AI has profound effects on different aspects of society, both positive and negative.
2.1 Positive Impacts of AI on Society 2.2 Negative Impacts of AI on Society
1. Automation and Efficiency 1. Job Displacement
2. Accessibility 2. Bias and Discrimination
3. Healthcare Advancements 3. Surveillance and Privacy Risks
2.1 Positive Impacts of AI on Society
1. Automation and Efficiency
AI improves efficiency by automating repetitive tasks,
allowing humans to focus on creative and strategic work.
Example:
•In manufacturing, robotic arms powered by AI assemble
products faster and more precisely than humans. Companies
like Tesla use AI-driven robots for car production, reducing
errors and improving speed.
•In finance, AI algorithms automate fraud detection and risk
assessment, processing large amounts of data in real-time. JP
Morgan’s COIN AI scans thousands of legal documents in
seconds, reducing workload for employees.
2. Accessibility
AI-powered tools assist individuals with disabilities, improving
their quality of life.
Example:
•Speech-to-text software like Google Live Transcribe helps
people with hearing impairments by converting spoken words
into text in real time.
•AI-driven prosthetics, such as those developed by Open
Bionics, enable amputees to perform complex movements
using brain signals.
•Smart assistants like Amazon Alexa and Apple’s Siri help
individuals with mobility challenges by allowing them to control
smart home devices through voice commands.
3. Healthcare Advancements
AI revolutionizes healthcare by enhancing disease diagnosis,
surgical precision, and drug discovery.
Example:
•Disease Diagnosis: AI models like Google’s DeepMind
Health detect diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and lung
cancer with high accuracy, often surpassing human doctors.
•Robotic Surgeries: AI-assisted robots like Da Vinci Surgical
System enhance precision in surgeries, reducing recovery
time for patients.
•Drug Discovery: AI-powered platforms like Atomwise
accelerate the development of new medicines by analyzing
millions of chemical compounds faster than traditional
methods.
2.2 Negative Impacts of AI on Society
1. Job Displacement
AI-driven automation is replacing human labor in various sectors, leading to unemployment and
economic inequality.
Example:
•Manufacturing Jobs: AI-powered robots in factories reduce the need for human workers on
assembly lines, affecting jobs in companies like Foxconn (which supplies parts for Apple).
•Retail Jobs: Self-checkout kiosks and AI-powered inventory management systems in stores like
Amazon Go reduce the need for cashiers.
•Transportation Jobs: Autonomous vehicles, such as those developed by Waymo, threaten
employment for taxi and truck drivers.
•Countermeasure:
Governments and organizations are promoting reskilling programs to help displaced workers
transition to AI-related jobs (e.g., AI maintenance and programming).
2. Bias and Discrimination
AI systems can reinforce societal biases if trained on biased datasets,
leading to unfair treatment of certain groups.
Example:
•Hiring Discrimination: Amazon’s AI-driven recruitment tool was
found to discriminate against female applicants because it was
trained on past hiring data that favored men.
•Facial Recognition Bias: AI-powered facial recognition systems,
such as those used by law enforcement agencies, have been shown
to have higher error rates for people of color, leading to wrongful
arrests (e.g., MIT research on bias in AI models).
•Loan and Credit Bias: AI algorithms used by banks may deny loans
to marginalized communities due to biased historical financial data.
•Countermeasure:
AI developers are working on ethical AI frameworks and diverse
3. Surveillance and Privacy Risks
AI-driven surveillance technologies raise concerns about privacy violations and misuse of personal data.
Example:
•Mass Surveillance: Countries like China use AI-powered facial recognition systems to monitor
citizens in public spaces, raising ethical concerns about freedom and privacy.
•Social Media Tracking: Platforms like Facebook and Google use AI to analyze user behavior for
targeted advertising, often collecting vast amounts of personal data without explicit consent.
•Workplace Monitoring: AI-driven employee tracking systems monitor workers’ activities, leading to
concerns about workplace privacy and stress.
Countermeasure:
Regulations like GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) in the European Union aim to protect
user privacy by enforcing strict data collection and usage rules.
3. Impact on Human Psychology

AI significantly influences human emotions, behaviors, and cognitive functions. While it

offers benefits like personalized support and enhanced learning, it also presents
challenges such as reduced human interaction, increased stress, and a decline in critical
thinking.
3.1 Positive Psychological Effects
1. Personalized Support
AI-powered mental health applications and chatbots provide psychological assistance, making therapy
and emotional support more accessible.
Examples:
•AI Chatbots for Mental Health: Apps like Woebot and Wysa use AI to provide cognitive behavioral
therapy (CBT) techniques, helping users manage stress, anxiety, and depression.
•AI-powered Companion Robots: Devices like ElliQ (for elderly individuals) and Replika (an AI
chatbot) provide emotional support and companionship, reducing loneliness.
•Crisis Intervention: AI-driven services like Crisis Text Line use machine learning to detect signs of
distress and provide timely intervention.
✅ Benefit: Individuals who lack access to therapists or feel uncomfortable seeking help in person can
receive instant, judgment-free support from AI-based systems.
2. Enhanced Learning
AI-driven education platforms personalize learning experiences, adapting to individual needs and learning
styles.
Examples:
•Adaptive Learning Platforms: AI-powered tools like Duolingo, Coursera, and Khan Academy analyze
students’ progress and adjust content to match their learning pace.
•AI Tutors: Virtual tutors like Socratic by Google and Quizlet AI help students understand complex
concepts by providing step-by-step explanations.
•Speech and Writing Assistance: Tools like Grammarly and Google Read Aloud help individuals
improve their writing and pronunciation, boosting confidence in communication.
✅ Benefit: Students receive customized learning experiences, improving knowledge retention and
motivation.
3.2 Negative Psychological Effects
1. Loss of Human Interaction
As AI-powered virtual assistants, chatbots, and automated services become more prevalent, people may engage
less in real-world social interactions.
Examples:
•AI Customer Service Replacing Human Support: Many companies use AI chatbots for customer service,
reducing face-to-face interactions and human empathy in problem-solving.
•Social Media Algorithms Reducing In-person Communication: Platforms like Instagram, TikTok, and
Facebook use AI to optimize engagement, often leading people to spend more time online than interacting with
real-world friends and family.
•AI Caregivers for the Elderly: While robots like Paro (a robotic seal used in elder care) provide comfort, they
may discourage meaningful human interaction with caregivers and family members.
⚠️ Concern: Over-reliance on AI for communication weakens social bonds and may contribute to feelings of
isolation and loneliness.
2. AI-Induced Stress and Anxiety
AI-driven technologies, such as deepfakes, surveillance, and misinformation, create psychological stress and
uncertainty.
Examples:
•AI-generated Deepfakes and Misinformation: Fake videos and news generated by AI (e.g., deepfake political
speeches or celebrity scams) can cause fear and confusion, making it hard to distinguish real from fake content.
•AI Surveillance Causing Anxiety: AI-powered facial recognition and monitoring systems, used by governments
and corporations, create a sense of being constantly watched, leading to stress and paranoia.
•Algorithmic Manipulation in Social Media: AI algorithms on platforms like YouTube and Twitter push
emotionally charged content, increasing anxiety and polarization among users.
⚠️ Concern: The rise of AI-driven manipulation and monitoring can contribute to mental distress and loss of trust
in digital content.
3. Reduced Critical Thinking
Excessive reliance on AI for decision-making can lead to cognitive laziness, where people stop questioning or
analyzing information critically.
Examples:
•AI Autocorrect and Auto-suggestions: Tools like Google Search Auto-complete and Grammarly provide
instant suggestions, reducing the need for users to think about correct spelling, grammar, or even research
independently.
•GPS Overuse Leading to Spatial Disorientation: AI navigation systems like Google Maps make people overly
dependent on GPS, reducing their ability to read maps or navigate without digital aid.
•AI Decision-making in Daily Life: Smart assistants like Alexa and Siri provide instant answers, leading users to
accept AI responses without questioning their validity.
⚠️ Concern: If AI handles most problem-solving tasks, individuals may experience reduced cognitive engagement,
weaker problem-solving skills, and a decline in independent thinking.
4. Impact on the Legal System

The increasing use of AI in various fields raises critical legal challenges, requiring the
development of new laws and regulations. Governments and legal institutions must address
issues such as liability, intellectual property, privacy violations, and the fairness of AI-driven
legal decisions.

Legal Challenges in AI

AI in Legal Decision-Making

4.1 Legal Challenges in AI
1. Liability Issues: Who is Responsible if AI Causes Harm?
AI-driven systems, especially in high-risk applications like self-driving cars and healthcare, introduce unclear legal
responsibilities. If an AI system makes an error, determining who is legally liable—the developer, manufacturer,
or user—becomes complex.
Examples:
•Self-driving Car Accidents: In 2018, an Uber self-driving car killed a pedestrian in Arizona. The legal system had
to determine whether the liability lay with Uber, the AI software developers, or the safety driver monitoring the
system.
•Medical Misdiagnosis by AI: AI-powered diagnostic tools, like IBM Watson for Oncology, have made incorrect
treatment recommendations. If an AI system misdiagnoses a patient, should the responsibility fall on the hospital,
the AI developers, or the medical professionals using the tool?
⚠️ Legal Challenge: Existing laws are designed for human liability, and new frameworks are needed to define AI
accountability.
2. Intellectual Property Rights: Who Owns AI-Generated Content?
AI can generate art, music, and written content, leading to debates over intellectual property (IP) ownership.
Current copyright laws are based on human creativity, raising questions about whether AI-generated works can be
legally owned.
Examples:
•AI-Generated Art: In 2018, an AI-generated painting titled "Edmond de Belamy" was sold for $432,500 at an
auction. Since no human artist was directly involved, questions arose about who should own the copyright—the AI,
its developers, or the company using it.
•ChatGPT and AI-Written Content: If AI tools like ChatGPT generate books, research papers, or code, should the
user, the AI company, or no one at all hold the copyright?
•Music Produced by AI: AI software like AIVA composes original music. Should AI-generated music be considered
human intellectual property or open-source content?
⚠️ Legal Challenge: Intellectual property laws need updates to define ownership rights for AI-created content.
3. Privacy Violations: AI and Data Protection Laws
AI systems collect, store, and analyze massive amounts of personal data, leading to privacy concerns.
Unauthorized data collection and AI-driven surveillance raise legal and ethical issues regarding user consent and
data security.
Examples:
•Facial Recognition and Privacy: AI-powered facial recognition tools, like those used in China and by U.S. police
departments, raise concerns about mass surveillance and potential misuse.
•AI in Social Media Monitoring: Platforms like Facebook and TikTok use AI to track user behavior and preferences,
sometimes without explicit consent. In 2019, Facebook was fined $5 billion for privacy violations under the U.S.
Federal Trade Commission (FTC) regulations.
•AI in Healthcare Data Processing: AI in medical research relies on sensitive patient data. If this data is misused,
leaked, or sold without consent, it can violate HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) laws in
the U.S.
⚠️ Legal Challenge: Stronger data protection laws (such as GDPR in Europe) are needed to regulate AI’s access
to personal data.
4.2 AI in Legal Decision-Making
1. Predictive Policing: AI Forecasting Crime Trends
AI is being used to analyze crime patterns and predict where crimes might occur. However, these systems can
reinforce racial and social biases, leading to discriminatory law enforcement.
Examples:
•COMPAS (Correctional Offender Management Profiling for Alternative Sanctions): This AI tool used in the U.S.
predicts whether a defendant is likely to re-offend. Studies have shown that COMPAS unfairly classified Black
defendants as high-risk more often than White defendants.
•AI in City Surveillance: Some police departments use AI-powered cameras and databases to predict "high-crime"
areas. However, these systems often focus on low-income neighborhoods, leading to biased policing.
⚠️ Legal Challenge: AI in law enforcement must be transparent and free of bias to ensure fair justice.
2. Automated Sentencing Systems: AI in Legal Decision-Making
Some courts use AI to assist judges in sentencing decisions, analyzing past legal data to suggest penalties.
However, AI-based sentencing can lack human judgment and reinforce bias.
Examples:
•AI in U.S. Courts: Some states use AI to recommend bail amounts and parole eligibility. If an AI model is
trained on biased data, it may unfairly suggest harsher punishments for minorities.
•AI in Immigration Decisions: AI tools have been used in visa applications and refugee asylum requests, but
critics argue they lack empathy and cultural understanding, leading to unfair rejections.
⚠️ Legal Challenge: AI must be monitored and audited to prevent bias in legal decision-making.
3. Smart Contracts: AI and Blockchain in Legal Agreements
AI combined with blockchain technology enables smart contracts, which are self-executing agreements with
terms written in code. These contracts automatically execute when conditions are met, eliminating
intermediaries like banks and lawyers.
Examples:
•Ethereum-Based Smart Contracts: Companies use blockchain to create self-executing contracts for property
sales, insurance claims, and supply chain management.
•Decentralized Finance (DeFi): AI-powered automated loan agreements on platforms like Aave and Uniswap
allow instant financial transactions without banks.
•Legal Automation in Business Agreements: AI reviews business contracts to identify risks and automatically
enforce terms.
✅ Benefit: Smart contracts reduce fraud, eliminate delays, and lower costs in legal transactions.
⚠️ Legal Challenge: If a smart contract malfunctions or has errors, it can execute unintended transactions,
and there may be no legal recourse to reverse it.
5. Impact on the Environment and the Planet
AI significantly affects the environment, with both positive contributions to sustainability
and negative consequences such as energy consumption, electronic waste, and resource
exploitation.
5.1 Positive Environmental Contributions
1. Climate Change Prediction: AI Analyzing Climate Data for Better Forecasting
AI enhances our ability to monitor and predict climate change by processing vast amounts of environmental
data. It helps scientists analyze temperature trends, detect extreme weather patterns, and model climate
projections.
Examples:
•Google’s AI for Weather Forecasting: Google's DeepMind developed an AI model that predicts rainfall within
the next 90 minutes more accurately than traditional methods.
•IBM’s Green Horizon Project: Uses AI to analyze air pollution levels and suggest policies to reduce emissions
in cities like Beijing.
•NASA’s AI-Based Climate Models: AI processes satellite images to track glacier melting, deforestation, and
carbon emissions, helping scientists assess climate risks.
✅ Impact: AI enables faster and more accurate climate predictions, helping governments and organizations
prepare for natural disasters and implement sustainability policies.
2. Energy Efficiency: AI Optimizing Energy Consumption
AI-driven systems enhance energy efficiency by optimizing power consumption in industries, buildings, and
smart cities. AI analyzes energy usage patterns and automates energy-saving measures.
Examples:
•Google’s AI-Powered Data Centers: Google uses AI to reduce cooling costs by 40% in its data centers,
significantly lowering energy consumption.
•Smart Grids for Renewable Energy: AI optimizes wind and solar power distribution, ensuring efficient use of
renewable energy.
•AI in Household Energy Management: Smart home systems like Nest Thermostat adjust heating and
cooling based on user behavior, reducing electricity waste.
✅ Impact: AI helps reduce carbon footprints by improving energy efficiency in industries, homes, and cities.
3. Wildlife Conservation: AI Protecting Endangered Species
AI-powered monitoring systems track animal populations, detect poachers, and analyze habitat changes to
protect biodiversity.
Examples:
•AI Drones for Anti-Poaching Efforts: Organizations like Wildlife Protection Solutions (WPS) use AI-driven
drones to detect and prevent illegal poaching in Africa.
•AI in Ocean Conservation: AI-powered cameras monitor coral reef health and track marine species affected by
climate change.
•Google’s AI in Wildlife Monitoring: AI analyzes sound recordings from rainforests to detect illegal logging
activities and protect endangered species.
✅ Impact: AI contributes to global conservation efforts, helping to preserve biodiversity and combat illegal
wildlife exploitation.
5.2 Environmental Concerns
1. High Energy Consumption: AI Model Training Requires Significant Computing Power
Training large AI models, especially deep learning networks, requires massive computational power, leading to
increased energy consumption and carbon emissions.
Examples:
•GPT-3’s Carbon Footprint: The training process for OpenAI’s GPT-3 required 1,287 MWh of electricity, emitting
over 550 tons of CO₂—equivalent to the emissions of a car driving 1.2 million miles.
•Bitcoin Mining and AI: AI-driven cryptocurrency mining consumes vast amounts of electricity. Bitcoin mining
alone uses more energy annually than entire countries like Argentina.
•AI in Cloud Computing: Large AI models run on cloud servers, which require constant cooling and power,
contributing to global energy demand.
⚠️ Environmental Impact: AI’s rapid growth increases global electricity demand, potentially worsening climate
change if powered by fossil fuels.
2. Electronic Waste: AI-Driven Automation Leads to Faster Device Obsolescence
AI accelerates automation and technological upgrades, leading to shorter product lifecycles and increased e-
waste from outdated electronics.
Examples:
•Smartphones and AI-Powered Devices: AI-driven gadgets (e.g., smart speakers, IoT devices) have short
lifespans, contributing to millions of tons of e-waste annually.
•Automated Manufacturing Replacing Older Machines: AI-driven automation forces industries to replace older,
less efficient machines more frequently.
•Self-Driving Cars and E-Waste: AI-powered electric and autonomous vehicles require advanced sensors and
batteries, increasing disposal challenges when these components become obsolete.
⚠️ Environmental Impact: Electronic waste contains hazardous materials (e.g., lead, mercury, cadmium), which
can pollute soil and water if not disposed of properly.
3. Resource Exploitation: Mining for AI Hardware Components Harms Ecosystems
AI hardware, including GPUs, semiconductors, and lithium batteries, requires rare earth metals. The mining
process for these materials destroys ecosystems, depletes natural resources, and contributes to pollution.
Examples:
•Lithium Mining for AI and EV Batteries: The demand for lithium-ion batteries (used in AI-powered devices and
electric vehicles) has led to large-scale mining operations in Chile, Australia, and China, causing water shortages
and environmental damage.
•Cobalt Mining in the Congo: AI and electronics industries rely on cobalt, with over 60% of global cobalt mining
happening in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Mining conditions have led to deforestation, pollution, and
human rights violations.
•Chip Manufacturing and Water Usage: AI chip production requires millions of liters of water. Taiwan’s
semiconductor industry, home to TSMC (the world's largest chipmaker), consumes massive water resources,
impacting local agriculture and water supply.
⚠️ Environmental Impact: AI-driven demand for rare earth metals and minerals accelerates habitat destruction,
pollution, and resource depletion.
6. Impact on Trust
AI has a profound impact on trust at different levels—individuals, businesses, and
governments. As AI systems become more integrated into daily life, the level of trust in AI-
driven decisions, security, and fairness determines how society interacts with these
technologies.
6.1 Trust in AI Systems
1. Transparency: Users Trust AI More When They Understand How It Makes Decisions
One of the primary challenges with AI is the “black box” problem, where AI systems make decisions without
clear explanations. When users understand how AI arrives at its conclusions, trust increases.
Examples:
•Explainable AI (XAI): Google's DeepMind and IBM’s Watson are developing AI models that explain their
reasoning in a way humans can understand.
•AI in Hiring Processes: AI-driven resume screening tools are used by companies like Amazon and
Unilever. However, if the AI rejects candidates without explaining why, job applicants lose trust in the system.
•Healthcare AI: AI tools like IBM Watson Health assist doctors in diagnosing diseases, but if they don’t
provide clear reasoning, doctors may hesitate to trust AI-based recommendations.
✅ Solution: Organizations should use explainable AI models and provide clear documentation on how AI
makes decisions to build public trust.
2. Bias and Fairness: Trust Decreases When AI Systems Show Discriminatory Behavior
AI systems can inherit biases from training data, leading to unfair or discriminatory outcomes. When users
perceive AI as biased, their trust in AI-driven decisions declines.
Examples:
•Racial Bias in Facial Recognition: Studies have shown that AI-powered facial recognition tools, like those
used by law enforcement, are less accurate for people of color. In 2018, Amazon’s AI system misidentified
28 U.S. Congress members as criminals, with a disproportionate bias against minorities.
•Bias in AI Hiring Tools: Amazon’s AI hiring algorithm was found to favor male candidates over females
because it was trained on historically male-dominated hiring data.
•Healthcare Disparities: AI tools in medical diagnostics may perform worse for underrepresented groups
due to biased training datasets, leading to misdiagnosis.
⚠️ Impact: Biased AI systems reinforce societal inequalities, reducing public trust in AI-based decision-making.
✅ Solution: Developers must train AI on diverse, representative datasets and conduct regular bias audits to
ensure fairness.
3. Reliability and Security: People Need Assurance That AI Systems Function as Intended
AI-driven technologies must be reliable and secure to gain user trust. If AI systems malfunction or are
vulnerable to cyber threats, trust diminishes.
Examples:
•Autonomous Vehicles and Safety Risks: In 2018, an Uber self-driving car caused a fatal accident due to AI
misidentifying a pedestrian, raising concerns about AI reliability.
•AI-Powered Fraud Detection: Banks use AI to detect fraud, but false positives (blocking legitimate
transactions) can frustrate customers and reduce trust in banking AI.
•Cybersecurity Risks: Hackers can manipulate AI models through adversarial attacks, where small alterations
in input data cause AI to make wrong decisions. For instance, researchers tricked Tesla’s self-driving AI by
altering road signs, causing the car to misinterpret speed limits.
⚠️ Impact: If AI systems fail frequently or are easily hacked, people lose trust in AI-powered solutions.
✅ Solution: AI must undergo rigorous testing, continuous security updates, and fail-safe mechanisms to
ensure reliability.
6.2 Trust in AI-Driven Societies
1. Government and Policy: Regulations to Ensure Ethical AI Use
Governments play a key role in establishing laws and ethical guidelines to ensure AI benefits society without
harming trust.
Examples:
•EU’s AI Act: The European Union proposed the AI Act, which categorizes AI risks and ensures transparency
and accountability in high-risk AI applications.
•AI in Law Enforcement: Countries like China use AI-driven facial recognition surveillance, raising concerns
about mass surveillance and privacy violations.
•Social Credit Systems: In China, AI is used to monitor citizen behavior, affecting their credit scores, travel
rights, and access to services—causing ethical concerns over government overreach.
⚠️ Impact: If governments fail to regulate AI responsibly, public trust in AI-powered governance decreases.
✅ Solution: Governments should implement transparent AI policies that balance innovation with ethics and
protect citizens' rights.
2. Corporate Responsibility: Companies Must Develop AI Responsibly to Gain User Trust
AI-powered businesses must prioritize ethical AI development, as unethical practices can lead to public
backlash and lawsuits.
Examples:
•Facebook’s AI and Misinformation: Facebook’s AI-driven news feed was criticized for spreading fake news
and extremist content, leading to public distrust in social media algorithms.
•Google’s AI Ethics Controversy: Google faced criticism when it fired AI ethics researchers who questioned
biases in AI systems, causing concerns about corporate transparency.
•Tesla’s Autopilot Claims: Tesla promoted "full self-driving" AI, but multiple crashes raised doubts about AI
reliability in autonomous driving.
⚠️ Impact: If corporations misuse AI for profit without ethical considerations, users lose trust in AI-powered
products.
✅ Solution: Companies should commit to AI ethics guidelines, conduct independent audits, and maintain
transparency in AI usage.
3. Human-AI Collaboration: Trust Increases When AI Complements Human Decision-Making
People trust AI more when it works alongside humans rather than replacing them entirely. AI should serve as
a decision-support tool, enhancing human capabilities rather than eliminating human judgment.
Examples:
•AI in Healthcare: AI tools like Google’s DeepMind Health assist doctors in analyzing medical images but
leave the final diagnosis to human doctors, improving trust.
•AI in Finance: Banks use AI-powered fraud detection systems, but final decisions on blocking transactions
or freezing accounts are reviewed by human analysts.
•AI in Education: Personalized AI learning platforms (e.g., Duolingo, Coursera AI tutors) assist students, but
teachers provide final assessments, balancing human oversight with AI automation.
✅ Solution: Organizations should design AI systems that enhance human expertise rather than replace
human decision-makers.