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Quartile Deviation Explanation

The document discusses Quartile Deviation, a statistical measure that indicates the spread of the middle 50% of data, calculated using the first (Q1) and third (Q3) quartiles. It explains how to compute Quartile Deviation for both ungrouped and grouped data, providing examples for each case. The conclusion emphasizes the utility of Quartile Deviation in understanding data dispersion, especially in skewed distributions.

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MD. ARIFUR RAHMAN
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5 views4 pages

Quartile Deviation Explanation

The document discusses Quartile Deviation, a statistical measure that indicates the spread of the middle 50% of data, calculated using the first (Q1) and third (Q3) quartiles. It explains how to compute Quartile Deviation for both ungrouped and grouped data, providing examples for each case. The conclusion emphasizes the utility of Quartile Deviation in understanding data dispersion, especially in skewed distributions.

Uploaded by

MD. ARIFUR RAHMAN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Good [morning/afternoon], everyone!

Today, we’re going to discuss Quartile Deviation, which is an important statistical measure that helps
us understand the spread or dispersion of data. Specifically, we’ll look at how to calculate Quartile
Deviation for both ungrouped and grouped data.

What is Quartile Deviation?


Quartile Deviation, also known as the semi-interquartile range, is a measure of the spread of the
middle 50% of the data. It is defined as half the difference between the third quartile (Q3) and the first
quartile (Q1).
The formula for Quartile Deviation is:

Q3 − Q1
QD =
2
​

Where:
Q1 is the first quartile (25th percentile), which divides the lower 25% of the data.
Q3 is the third quartile (75th percentile), which divides the lower 75% of the data.

By using only Q1 and Q3, Quartile Deviation is less influenced by outliers and extreme values
compared to other measures like the range or standard deviation. This makes it very useful in many
situations where we want to focus on the spread of the central portion of the data.

Quartile Deviation with Ungrouped Data


First, let's look at ungrouped data. This is data where each value is listed individually, and we are
working directly with those values.

Example:
Consider the following data representing the ages of 9 people in a group:
Ages: 22, 24, 25, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 40
To calculate the Quartile Deviation for this ungrouped data:

Step 1: Arrange the Data in Ascending Order


Our data is already sorted: 22, 24, 25, 28, 30, 32, 34, 35, 40

Step 2: Find Q1 and Q3


The Median (Q2) of the data is the middle value, which is 30 (the 5th value in the sorted data).
Q1 (First Quartile): The median of the lower half of the data (values below 30). These are 22, 24,
25, 28. The median of this set is the average of 24 and 25, which is 24.5.
Q3 (Third Quartile): The median of the upper half of the data (values above 30). These are 32, 34,
35, 40. The median of this set is the average of 34 and 35, which is 34.5.

Step 3: Calculate the Quartile Deviation


Now that we have Q1 = 24.5 and Q3 = 34.5, we can calculate the Quartile Deviation:

Q3 − Q1 34.5 − 24.5 10
QD = = = =5
2 2 2
​ ​
So, the Quartile Deviation for this dataset is 5 years. This tells us that the spread of the middle 50% of
the ages in the group is 5 years.

Quartile Deviation with Grouped Data


Now, let's move on to grouped data, where data is organized into classes or intervals. This often
happens when we work with large datasets, such as in surveys or reports.

Example:
Consider the following grouped data, which shows the number of hours 30 students spent studying for
a test:

Hours of Study (h) Frequency (f)

0-5 4

6 - 10 8

11 - 15 10

16 - 20 5

21 - 25 3

The total number of students (n) is:

n = 4 + 8 + 10 + 5 + 3 = 30
Now, let’s calculate the Quartile Deviation for this grouped data.

Step 1: Cumulative Frequency Table


First, let’s create the cumulative frequency table:

Hours of Study (h) Frequency (f) Cumulative Frequency (CF)

0-5 4 4

6 - 10 8 12

11 - 15 10 22

16 - 20 5 27

21 - 25 3 30

Step 2: Find Q1 and Q3

Q1 corresponds to the 25th percentile, so for n = 30, n4 ​ = 30


4
​ = 7.5. Therefore, Q1 lies between the
7th and 8th position.
3n 3×30
Q3 corresponds to the 75th percentile, so for n = 30, 4 ​ = 4
​ = 22.5. Therefore, Q3 lies
between the 22nd and 23rd position.

From the cumulative frequency table:


Q1 lies in the 6 - 10 hours class.
Q3 lies in the 11 - 15 hours class.

Step 3: Apply the Formula for Q1 and Q3


To find the exact values of Q1 and Q3, we use the formula for grouped data:
n
4
−F
Q=L+( )×h
​

f
​

Where:
L is the lower boundary of the quartile class.
F is the cumulative frequency of the class before the quartile class.
f is the frequency of the quartile class.
h is the class width.

For Q1:

L = Lower boundary of the 6 - 10 class = 5


F = Cumulative frequency before the 6 - 10 class = 4
f = Frequency of the 6 - 10 class = 8
h = Class width = 10 - 6 = 4

7.5 − 4 3.5
Q1 = 5 + ( )×4=5+( ) × 4 = 5 + 1.75 = 6.75
8 8
​ ​

For Q3:

L = Lower boundary of the 11 - 15 class = 10


F = Cumulative frequency before the 11 - 15 class = 12
f = Frequency of the 11 - 15 class = 10
h = Class width = 15 - 10 = 5

22.5 − 12 10.5
Q3 = 10 + ( ) × 5 = 10 + ( ) × 5 = 10 + 5.25 = 15.25
10 10
​ ​

Step 4: Calculate the Quartile Deviation


Now, calculate the Quartile Deviation:

Q3 − Q1 15.25 − 6.75 8.5


QD = = = = 4.25
2 2 2
​ ​ ​

So, the Quartile Deviation for this grouped data is 4.25 hours. This means the spread of the middle
50% of the students' study hours is 4.25 hours.

Conclusion
In conclusion, Quartile Deviation is a useful measure of data spread, especially when dealing with
skewed or non-normal distributions. We learned how to calculate Quartile Deviation for
both ungrouped data and grouped data.
For ungrouped data, we used the position of the data points, while for grouped data, we utilized the
class intervals and cumulative frequencies. Quartile Deviation provides a clear picture of how the
central portion of the data is spread out.
Thank you for your attention, and I’m happy to take any questions!

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