Laboratory Manual for

PROGRAMMING FOR PROBLEM

SOLVING (3110003)

B.E. Semester 1
Computer Engineering

Government Engineering College, Gandhinagar

Directorate of Technical Education, Gandhinagar,

Gujarat
 Government Engineering College, Sector 28, Gandhinagar
Certificate

This is to certify that Mr./Ms. ________________________________________

Enrollment No. _______________of B.E. Semester _____ Computer
Engineering of this Institute (GTU Code: 13) has satisfactorily completed the
Practical / Tutorial work for the subject _____________________for the
academic year 202__-2__.

Place: __________

Date: __________

Name and Sign of Faculty member

Head of the Department

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 1 of 82

 Preface
Main motto of any laboratory/practical/field work is for enhancing required skills as
well as creating ability amongst students to solve real time problem by developing
relevant competencies in psychomotor domain. By keeping in view, GTU has
designed competency focused outcome-based curriculum for engineering degree
programs where sufficient weightage is given to practical work. It shows importance
of enhancement of skills amongst the students and it pays attention to utilize every
second of time allotted for practical amongst students, instructors and faculty
members to achieve relevant outcomes by performing the experiments rather than
having merely study type experiments. It is must for effective implementation of
competency focused outcome-based curriculum that every practical is keenly
designed to serve as a tool to develop and enhance relevant competency required by
the various industry among every student. These psychomotor skills are very difficult
to develop through traditional chalk and board content delivery method in the
classroom. Accordingly, this lab manual is designed to focus on the industry defined
relevant outcomes, rather than old practice of conducting practical to prove concept
and theory.

By using this lab manual students can go through the relevant theory and procedure
in advance before the actual performance which creates an interest and students can
have basic idea prior to performance. This in turn enhances pre-determined outcomes
amongst students. Each experiment in this manual begins with competency, industry
relevant skills, course outcomes as well as practical outcomes (objectives). The
students will also achieve safety and necessary precautions to be taken while
performing practical.

This manual also provides guidelines to faculty members to facilitate student centric
lab activities through each experiment by arranging and managing necessary
resources in order that the students follow the procedures with required safety and
necessary precautions to achieve the outcomes. It also gives an idea that how
students will be assessed by providing rubrics.

C programming is a general-purpose, procedural, imperative computer programming

language. C is robust language and has rich set of built-in functions, data types and
operators which can be used to write any complex program. Program written in C are
efficient due to availability of several data types and operators.C has the capabilities
of an assembly language (low level features) with the feature of high level language
so it is well suited for writing both system software and application software. C is

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highly portable language i.e. code written in one machine can be moved to other
which is very important and powerful feature.

Utmost care has been taken while preparing this lab manual however always there is
chances of improvement. Therefore, we welcome constructive suggestions for
improvement and removal of errors if any.

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Practical – Course Outcome matrix
Course Outcomes (COs):
CO-1: Formulate algorithm/flowchart for given arithmetic and logical problem
CO-2: Translate algorithm/flowchart into C program using correct syntax and execute it
CO-3: Write programs using conditional, branching, iteration, and recursion
CO-4: Decompose a problem into function
CO-5: Develop an application using the concepts of array, pointer, structure, and file management to
solve engineering and/or scientific problems
Sr. CO CO CO CO CO
Objective(s) of Experiment
No. 1 2 3 4 5
Write an algorithm & draw a flowchart for following
problems.
1. (a) accepting two numbers and performing addition, √
subtraction, division and multiplication on them
(b) to check whether given number is even or odd
Write an algorithm & draw a flowchart for following
problems.
2. (a) to print first 10 Fibonacci numbers √
(b) to find out largest number from three numbers

Write a C program for following problems.

(a) Write a program to that performs as calculator
3. (addition, multiplication, division, subtraction). √
(b) Write a program to find area of triangle
(a=h*b*.5) a = area h = height b = base

Write a C program for following problems.

(a) Write a C program to interchange two numbers.
4. √
(b) Write a program to compute Fahrenheit from
centigrade (f=1.8*c +32)
Write a C Program for following problems using
branching, iteration and recursion.
(a) Write a program to read marks of a student from
keyboard whether the student is pass or fail( using
5. √
if else)
(b) Write a program to read three numbers from
keyboard and find out maximum out of these three.
(nested if else)
Write a C Program for following problems using branching,
6. iteration and recursion. √

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 (a) Write a C program to read no 1 to 7 and print
relatively day Sunday to Saturday. (Switch
statement)
(b) Write a C program to find factorial of a given
number.
(c) Write a program to print following patterns :
i) * ii) * iii) * * *
** * * **
*** * * * *
Write a C Program using concept of function.
(a) Write a program that defines a function to add first
7. n numbers. √
(b) Write a program using function to find maximum
number from two numbers.
Write a C Program using concept of function.
(a) Write a program to exchange two numbers by
8 using function √
(b) Write a program to reverse the number using
function.
Write a C Program using the concept of an array.
(a) Write a C program to find out the Maximum and
Minimum number from given 10 numbers in an
9 √
array.
(b) Write a program to sort the elements of an array in
ascending order.
Write a C Program using the concept of pointer, structure &
File.
(a) Write a program to access elements using pointer.
(b) Design a structure student_record to contain name,
branch and total marks obtained. Develop a
program to read data for 10 students in a class and
10 print them. √
(c) A file named data contains series of integer
numbers. Write a c program to read all numbers
from file and then write all odd numbers into file
named “odd” and write all even numbers into file
named “even”. Display all the contents of these file
on screen

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Industry Relevant Skills
The following industry relevant competency are expected to be developed in the student by
undertaking the practical work of this laboratory.
1. Will be able to solve any problem by writing an algorithm & drawing a flowchart.
2. Will be able to develop an application software by using the concepts of functions,
arrays, file management, loops, branching etc…

Guidelines for Faculty members

1. Teacher should provide the guideline with demonstration of practical to the students
with all features.
2. Teacher shall explain basic concepts/theory related to the experiment to the students
before starting of each practical
3. Involve all the students in performance of each experiment.
4. Teacher is expected to share the skills and competencies to be developed in the
students and ensure that the respective skills and competencies are developed in the
students after the completion of the experimentation.
5. Teachers should give opportunity to students for hands-on experience after the
demonstration.
6. Teacher may provide additional knowledge and skills to the students even though
not covered in the manual but are expected from the students by concerned industry.
7. Give practical assignment and assess the performance of students based on task
assigned to check whether it is as per the instructions or not.
8. Teacher is expected to refer complete curriculum of the course and follow the
guidelines for implementation.

Instructions for Students

1. Students are expected to carefully listen to all the theory classes delivered by the faculty
members and understand the COs, content of the course, teaching and examination
scheme, skill set to be developed etc.
2. Students shall organize the work in the group and make record of all observations.
3. Students shall develop maintenance skill as expected by industries.
4. Student shall attempt to develop related hand-on skills and build confidence.
5. Student shall develop the habits of evolving more ideas, innovations, skills etc. apart from
those included in scope of manual.
6. Student shall refer technical magazines and data books.
7. Student should develop a habit of submitting the experimentation work as per the
schedule and s/he should be well prepared for the same.

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Common Safety Instructions
Students are expected to
1) Switch on the PC carefully (not to use wet hands)
2) Shutdown the PC properly at the end of your Lab
3) Carefully handle the peripherals (Mouse, Keyboard, Network cable etc)
4) Use Laptop in lab after getting permission from Teacher

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 Index
(Progressive Assessment Sheet)

Sr. Objective(s) of Experiment Page Date of Date of Assessme Sign. of Remar

No. No. perform submiss nt Teacher ks
ance ion Marks with date
Write the Following
1. Vision & Mission of DTE, GEC Gandhinagar
and Computer Department
0 2. Program Outcome of Computer Engineering
3. PSOs and PEOs of Computer Engineering
Department
4. Course outcomes of PPS
Write an algorithm & draw a flowchart for
following problems.
(a) accepting two numbers and performing
1 addition, subtraction, division and multiplication on
them
(b) to check whether given number is even or
odd
Write an algorithm & draw a flowchart for
following problems.
2 (a) to print first 10 Fibonacci numbers
(b) to find out largest number from three
numbers
Write a C program for following problems.
(a) Write a program to that performs as
calculator (addition, multiplication, division,
3
subtraction).
(b) Write a program to find area of triangle
(a=h*b*.5) a = area h = height b = base
Write a C program for following problems.
(a) Write a C program to interchange two
4 numbers.
(b) Write a program to compute Fahrenheit
from centigrade (f=1.8*c +32)
Write a C Program for following problems using
branching, iteration and recursion.
5 (a) Write a program to read marks of a
student from keyboard whether the
student is pass or fail( using if else)
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 (b) Write a program to read three numbers
from keyboard and find out maximum
out of these three. (nested if else)
Write a C Program for following problems using
branching, iteration and recursion.
(a) Write a C program to read no 1 to 7
and print relatively day Sunday to
Saturday. (Switch statement)
(b) Write a C program to find factorial of
a given number.
6 (c) Write a program to print following
patterns

i) * ii) * iii) * * *

** * * **

*** * * * *

Write a C Program using concept of function.

(a) Write a program that defines a function
7 to add first n numbers.
(b) Write a program using function to find
maximum number from two numbers.
Write a C Program using concept of function.
(a) Write a program to exchange two
8 numbers by using function
(b) Write a program to reverse the number
using function.
Write a C Program using the concept of an array.
(a) Write a C program to find out the
Maximum and Minimum number from
9
given 10 numbers in an array.
(b) Write a program to sort the elements of
an array in ascending order.
Write a C Program using the concept of
pointer, structure & File.
10 (a) Write a program to access elements
using pointer.
(b) Design a structure student_record to
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 contain name, branch and total marks
obtained. Develop a program to read data for
10 students in a class and print them.
(c) A file named data contains series of
integer numbers. Write a c program to read all
numbers from file and then write all odd
numbers into file named “odd” and write all
even numbers into file named “even”. Display
all the contents of these file on screen
Total

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DTEs’ Vision:

Vision:
 To provide globally competitive technical education
 Remove geographical imbalances and inconsistencies
 Develop student friendly resources with a special focus on girls’ education and support
to
weaker sections
 Develop programs relevant to industry and create a vibrant pool of technical
professionals

Vision and Mission of GEC Gandhinagar:

Vision:
 To be a premier engineering institution, imparting quality education for innovative
solutions relevant to society and environment.

Mission:
 To develop human potential to its fullest extent so that intellectual and innovative
engineers can emerge in a wide range of professions.
 To advance knowledge and educate students in engineering and other areas of
scholarship that will best serve the nation and the world in future.
 To produce quality engineers, entrepreneurs and leaders to meet the present and future
needs of society as well as environment.
Vision and Mission of Computer Department:

Vision:
 To achieve excellence for providing value-based education in Computer Engineering
through innovation, team work and ethical practices

Mission:
 To produce computer science and engineering graduates according to the needs of
industry, government, society and scientific community.
 To develop partnership with industries, government agencies and R and D
Organizations
 To motivate students/graduates to be entrepreneurs.
 To motivate students to participate in reputed conferences, workshops, symposiums,
seminars and related technical activities

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Programme Outcomes (POs)

1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science,engineering

fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.

2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyzecomplex

engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics,
natural sciences, and engineering sciences.

3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineeringproblems and

design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.

4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledgeand research

methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the
information to provide valid conclusions.

5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques,resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering
activities with an understanding of the limitations.

6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextualknowledge to

assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities
relevant to the professional engineering practice.

7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professionalengineering

solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need
for sustainable development.

8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics andresponsibilities and
norms of the engineering practice.

9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as amember or

leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.

10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activitieswith the

engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write
effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive
clear instructions.

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11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understandingof the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.

12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and abilityto engage
in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)

• Design, develop, test and evaluate computer based systems by applying standard software
engineering practices and strategies in the area of algorithms, web design, data structure, and
computer network

• Apply knowledge of ethical principles required to work in a team as well as to lead a

team

Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)

• To provide students with a strong foundation in the mathematical, scientific and

engineering fundamentals necessary to formulate, solve and analyze engineering problems and to
prepare them for graduate studies, R and D, consultancy and higher learning.

• To develop an ability to analyze the requirements of the software, understand the

technical specifications, design and provide novel engineering solutions and efficient product
designs.

• To provide exposure to emerging cutting edge technologies, adequate training and

opportunities to work as teams on multidisciplinary projects with effective communication skills
and leadership qualities.

• To prepare the students for a successful career and work with values and social concern
bridging the digital divide and meeting the requirements of Indian and multinational companies.

• To promote student awareness on the life-long learning and to introduce them to

professional ethics and codes of professional practice.

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CO-1: Formulate algorithm/flowchart for given arithmetic and
logical problem
Algorithm
An algorithm is a sequence of instructions that are carried out in a predetermined sequence in
order to solve a problem.
Features of the algorithm
It defines several important features of the algorithm, including:
Inputs: Algorithms must receive inputs that can be represented as values or data.
Output: The algorithm should produce some output. It can be a consequence of a problem or a
solution designed to solve it.
Clarity: Algorithms must be precisely defined, using unambiguous instructions that a computer
or other system can follow unambiguously.
Finiteness: The algorithm requires a limited steps. It means that it should be exited after
executing a certain number of commands.
Validity: The algorithm must be valid. In other words, it should be able to produce a solution to
the problem that the algorithm is designed to solve in a reasonable amount of time.
Effectiveness: An algorithm must be effective, meaning that it must be able to produce a solution
to the problem it is designed to solve in a reasonable amount of time.
Generality: An algorithm must be general, meaning that it can be applied to a wide range of
problems rather than being specific to a single problem.
How to write an algorithm?
Step 1: First define the problem which you want to solve.
Step 2: Think out the steps to solve the problem, arrange all those steps into sequential order so
we can realize the correct solution for the problem.
Step 3: Write an algorithm in pseudo code or a programming language.
Step 4: Test your algorithm to make sure it is correct and efficient.

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Example of Algorithm:
Algorithm for finding the average of three numbers is as follows −
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read 3 numbers a, b, c

Step 3: Compute sum = a + b + c

Step 4: Compute average = sum/3
Step 5: Print average value
Step 6: Stop
Algorithm for finding the area of rectangle is as follows –
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read Breadth (b) and Length (l) for the Rectangle.
Step 3: Calculate Area (a) = Length * Breadth
Step 4: Print Area (a)
Step 5: Stop
Algorithm for finding the larger number from the two numbers is as follows –
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Read Two Numbers a, b.
Step 3: Compare two numbers. IF (a>b) then go to step 5.
Step 4: Print “b is greater”, go to step 6.
Step 5: Print “a is greater”, go to step 6.
Step 6: Stop

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Flowchart
Diagrammatic representation of an algorithm is called flow chart.
Flowchart Symbols

The different flowchart symbols have different conventional meanings.

The various symbols used in Flowchart Designs are given below.

Terminal Symbol: In the flowchart, it is represented with the help of a circle for denoting the
start and stop symbol. The symbol given below is used to represent the terminal symbol.

Input/output Symbol: The input symbol is used to represent the input data, and the output symbol
is used to display the output operation.

Processing Symbol: It is represented in a flowchart with the help of a rectangle box used to
represent the arithmetic and data movement instructions. The symbol given below is used to
represent the processing symbol.

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Decision Symbol: Diamond symbol is used for represents decision-making statements. The
symbol given below is used to represent the decision symbol.

Connector Symbol: The connector symbol is used if flows discontinued at some point and
continued again at another place. The following symbol is the representation of the connector
symbol.

Flow lines: It represents the exact sequence in which instructions are executed. Arrows are used
to represent the flow lines in a flowchart. The symbol given below is used for representing the
flow lines:

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Hexagon symbol (Flat): It is used to create a preparation box containing the loop setting
statement. The symbol given below is used for representing the Hexagon symbol.

Internal storage symbol: The symbol given below is used to represent the internal storage
symbol.

Advantages of Flowchart in C:
Following are the various advantages of flowchart:
Communication: A flowchart is a better way of communicating the logic of a program.
Synthesis: Flowchart is used as working models in designing new programs and software
systems.
Efficient Coding: Flowcharts act as a guide for a programmer in writing the actual code in a
high-level language.
Proper Debugging: Flowcharts help in the debugging process.
Effective Analysis: Effective analysis of logical programs can be easily done with the help of a
related flowchart.
Proper Documentation: Flowchart provides better and proper documentation. It consists of
various activities such as collecting, organizing, storing, and maintaining all related program
records.
Testing: A flowchart helps in the testing process
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Examples of flowchart
Draw a flowchart for finding average of 3 Numbers.

Design a flowchart for calculating the area of a rectangle.

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Design a flowchart to find out greater number from the two numbers.

Comparison of Algorithm and Flowchart

Algorithm Flowchart
An algorithm is a procedure or set of rules A flowchart is a graphical representation of
that defines how a program is to be executed. the steps a program takes to process data.
An algorithm does not include any sort of It utilizes different types of geometrical
geometrical pattern. shapes, symbols, and patterns.
An algorithm demands the knowledge of a A Flowchart doesn’t demand the knowledge
computer programming language. of a computer programming language.
It is difficult to debug the errors in It is easy to debug the errors in flowcharts.
algorithms.

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Practical-1

AIM: Write an algorithm & draw a flowchart for following problems.

(a) Accepting two numbers and performing addition, subtraction,
division and multiplication on them
(b) To check whether given number is even or odd.

Solution: (Write your answer from here)

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Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 22 of 82
Rubrics Wise Marks Obtained:

Knowledge of Programming Team work (2) Communication Skill Ethics(2)

subject (2) Skill (2)

Good Average Good Average Good Satisfactory Good Satisfactory Good Average
(2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1)

Rubrics 1 2 3 4 5 Total
Marks

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Practical-2

AIM: Write an algorithm & draw a flowchart for following problems.

(a) To print first 10 Fibonacci numbers
(b) To find out largest number from three numbers
Solution: (Write your answer from here)

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Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 25 of 82
Rubrics Wise Marks Obtained:

Knowledge of Programming Team work (2) Communication Skill Ethics(2)

subject (2) Skill (2)

Good Average Good Average Good Satisfactory Good Satisfactory Good Average
(2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1)

Rubrics 1 2 3 4 5 Total
Marks

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CO-2: Translate algorithm/flowchart into C program using correct
syntax and execute it
C is a programming language to communicate a set of instructions to the computer to perform
some tasks. The set of instructions is known as a program. The program is written by a human
being who is known as a programmer or a developer. The program is then compiled by a
compiler to convert the C program into binary executable file. If the program is written properly
as per the C programming language convention then the compiler will not generate any error,
otherwise it shows all the errors with their location and suggestions to correct those. Here we
will use the TURBO C or TURBO C++ compiler to perform our practical tasks. Once the
program is compiled successfully, it gets converted into binary executable file known as .exe
file. That executable file is known to computer and thus it is also referred as machine code. A
binary executable file contains only ‘0’ and ‘1’ within it. The ‘0’ indicates OFF and ‘1’ indicates
ON state. Based on the executable instructions in binary format the computer enables and
disables its circuitry to perform various operations to fulfil the task mentioned in the program.
The above is just a brief overview of the entire life cycle of a program. To make it simple we the
programmer or a developer are just concerned with writing proper C language code using editor
of TURBO C compiler.
To start with this we require TURBO C/C++ compiler of 64bits version for Windows operating
system of 64bits. Download the same from the link: https://www.filehorse.com/download-turbo-
c/
Complete the installation and once the installation is done open the TURBO C++ compiler from

the desktop icon: by double clicking it. The below window will be visible soon.

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In above window observe things:
1) Dark blue area is the programming or coding section.
2) Top left light blue square is to close the coding section.
3) Top right light blue arrow is to minimize and maximise the code section.
4) The number near the light blue arrow at the top right corner is the code section window
number. Which we can call/use by Alt+No. To toggle between open code section windows.
5) The name NONAME00.CPP is the default file name of our program which requires to be
changed while saving the program.
6) The top bar is the menu bar which contains several menu options like, File, Edit, Search,
Run, Compile, Debug, etc. These menu Item’s name’s first letter is of RED color which indicates
the shortcut to open that menu item through Alt+Letter(having RED color).
7) The below status bar shows the short cuts to see the help thorough F1 key, F2 to Save, F3
to Open file, Alt+F9 to Compile the code and F9 to make and F10 for the menu.
Among all the above features of TURBO C compiler, to make our task simple and easy we are
concerned with only the following options.
a) File menu {New, Open, Save, Save as, close menu items}
b) Compile menu {Compile - Alt+F9}
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c) Run menu {Run - Ctrl+F9}
A student should follow good habits to save his time, efforts and preserve his/her work.
a) Always open a new code section, which does not have any past code.
b) Write your own code on your own without depending upon others.
c) Do save for even a minor change in program.
d) Give a good name to the program and save the program to the appropriate location via the
navigation window of the TURBO C compiler. Use save as an option to change either the file
name or the location of the file.
e) Once saved, then compile, use shortcut key and make a habit of it.
f) Once compiled, do run, use a shortcut key and make a habit of it.
g) See the output. If your output is correct, write down the program in your file pages or
take a back up of your code either into pen drive, or online in gmail or g-drive.
h) Once done, help your friends with their coding. This will help you in terms of revision
and better idea of the programing.
i) Once completed your lab work, SHUT DOWN the machine and SWITCH OFF the
machine, lights and fans not in use. Make an entry into LAB master and leave quietly.
Structure of C Program
The basic structure of a C program is divided into 6 parts which makes it easy to read, modify,
document, and understand in a particular format. C program must follow the below-mentioned
outline in order to successfully compile and execute.
Documentation
Preprocessor Section
Definition
Global Declaration
Main() Function
User defined Functions
1. Documentation
This section consists of the description of the program, the name of the program, and the creation
date and time of the program. It is specified at the start of the program in the form of comments.
Documentation can be represented as:
// description, name of the program, programmer name, date, time etc.
2. Preprocessor Section

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All the header files of the program will be declared in the preprocessor section of the program.
Header files help us to access other’s improved code into our code. A copy of these multiple files
is inserted into our program before the process of compilation.
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
3. Definition
The define section comprises of different constants declared using the define keyword. It is given
by:
#define a = 2
4. Global Declaration
The global declaration section contains global variables, function declaration, and static
variables. Variables and functions which are declared in this scope can be used anywhere in the
program.
5. Main Function
Every C program must have a main function. The main() function of the program is written in
this section. Operations like declaration and execution are performed inside the curly braces of
the main program. The return type of the main() function can be int as well as void too. void()
main tells the compiler that the program will not return any value. The int main() tells the
compiler that the program will return an integer value.
Example:
void main() or int main()
6. User Defined Functions
The user defined functions specified the functions specified as per the requirements of the user.
For example, color(), sum(), division(), etc.
Example: To find the sum of two numbers given by the user.
/* Sum of two numbers */
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{

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int a, b, sum;
printf("Enter two numbers to be added ");
scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);
// calculating sum
sum = a + b;
printf("%d + %d = %d", a, b, sum);
return 0; // return the integer value in the sum
}

Detail Description of C Program

/* Sum of the two numbers */ It is the comment section. Any statement described in
it is not considered as a code. It is a part of the
description section in a code. The comment line is
optional. It can be in a separate line or part of an
executable line.
#include<stdio.h> It is the standard input-output header file. It is a
command of the preprocessor section.
int main() main() is the first function to be executed in every
program. We have used int with the main() in order
to return an integer value.
{… The curly braces mark the beginning and end of a
function. It is mandatory in all the functions.
}
printf() The printf() prints text on the screen. It is a function
for displaying constant or variables data. Here, 'Enter
two numbers to be added' is the parameter passed to
it.
scanf() It reads data from the standard input stream and
writes the result into the specified arguments.
sum = a + b The addition of the specified two numbers will be
passed to the sum parameter in the output.
return 0 A program can also run without a return 0 function. It
Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 31 of 82
 simply states that a program is free from error and
can be successfully exited.

Practical-3

AIM: Write a C program for following problems.

(a) Write a program to that performs as calculator (addition,
multiplication, division, subtraction).
(b) Write a program to find area of triangle (a=h*b*.5) a = area h =
height b = base
Solution: (Write your answer from here)

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 32 of 82

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 33 of 82
Rubrics Wise Marks Obtained:

Knowledge of Programming Team work (2) Communication Skill Ethics(2)

subject (2) Skill (2)

Good Average Good Average Good Satisfactory Good Satisfactory Good Average
(2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1)

Rubrics 1 2 3 4 5 Total
Marks

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 34 of 82

Practical-4

AIM: Write a C program for following problems.

(a) Write a C program to interchange two numbers.
(b) Write a program to compute Fahrenheit from centigrade (f=1.8*c
+32)

Solution: (Write your answer from here)

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 35 of 82

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 36 of 82
Rubrics Wise Marks Obtained:

Knowledge of Programming Team work (2) Communication Skill Ethics(2)

subject (2) Skill (2)

Good Average Good Average Good Satisfactory Good Satisfactory Good Average
(2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1)

Rubrics 1 2 3 4 5 Total
Marks

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 37 of 82

CO-3: Write programs using conditional, branching, iteration, and
recursion.
Conditional Statement in C
Conditional Statements in C programming are used to make decisions based on the conditions.
Conditional statements execute sequentially when there is no condition around the statements. If
you put some condition for a block of statements, the execution flow may change based on the
result evaluated by the condition. This process is called decision making in ‘C.’
IF Statement
It is one of the powerful conditional statement. If statement is responsible for modifying the flow
of execution of a program. If statement is always used with a condition. The condition is
evaluated first before executing any statement inside the body of If. The syntax for if statement is
as follows:
if (condition)
instruction;
The condition evaluates to either true or false. True is always a non-zero value, and false is a
value that contains zero. Instructions can be a single instruction or a code block enclosed by
curly braces { }.

Following program illustrates the use of if construct in ‘C’ programming:

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num1=1;
int num2=2;
if(num1<num2) //test-condition
{
printf("num1 is smaller than num2");
}
return 0;
}

Output:

num1 is smaller than num2

Description of above program:

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 38 of 82

1. In the above program, we have initialized two variables with num1, num2 with value as 1, 2
respectively.
2. then, we have used if with a test-expression to check which number is the smallest and which
number is the largest. We have used a relational expression in if construct. Since the value of
num1 is smaller than num2, the condition will evaluate to true.
3. Thus it will print the statement inside the block of If. After that, the control will go outside of
the block and program will be terminated with a successful result.

IF-ELSE Statement:

The if-else is statement is an extended version of If. The general form of if-else is as follows:
if (test-expression)
{
True block of statements
}
Else
{

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 39 of 82

 False block of statements
}
Statements;
In this type of a construct, if the value of test-expression is true, then the true block of statements
will be executed. If the value of test-expression if false, then the false block of statements will be
executed. In any case, after the execution, the control will be automatically transferred to the
statements appearing outside the block of If.
Following programs illustrate the use of the if-else construct:
We will initialize a variable with some value and write a program to determine if the value is less
than ten or greater than ten.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num=19;
if(num<10)
{
printf("The value is less than 10");
}
else
{
printf("The value is greater than 10");
}
return 0;
}
Output:
The value is greater than 10
Description of above program:
1. We have initialized a variable with value 19. We have to find out whether the number is
bigger or smaller than 10 using a ‘C’ program. To do this, we have used the if-else construct.
Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 40 of 82
2. Here we have provided a condition num<10 because we have to compare our value with 10.
3. As you can see the first block is always a true block which means, if the value of test-
expression is true then the first block which is If, will be executed.
4. The second block is an else block. This block contains the statements which will be executed
if the value of the test-expression becomes false. In our program, the value of num is greater than
ten hence the test-condition becomes false and else block is executed. Thus, our output will be
from an else block which is “The value is greater than 10”. After the if-else, the program will
terminate with a successful result.
Nested IF-ELSE Statements:
When a series of decision is required, nested if-else is used. Nesting means using one if-else
construct within another one.

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 41 of 82

Let’s write a program to illustrate the use of nested if-else.
The below program checks if a number is less or greater than 10 and prints the result using
nested if-else construct.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int num=1;
if(num<10)
{
Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 42 of 82
 if(num==1)
{
printf("The value is:%d\n",num);
}
else
{
printf("The value is greater than 1");
}
}
else
{
printf("The value is greater than 10");
}
return 0;
}
Output:
The value is:1

Description of above program:

1. Firstly, we have declared a variable num with value as 1. Then we have used if-else construct.
2. In the outer if-else, the condition provided checks if a number is less than 10. If the condition
is true then and only then it will execute the inner loop. In this case, the condition is true hence
the inner block is processed.
3. In the inner block, we again have a condition that checks if our variable contains the value 1 or
not. When a condition is true, then it will process the If block otherwise it will process an else
block. In this case, the condition is true hence the If a block is executed and the value is printed
on the output screen.
4. The above program will print the value of a variable and exit with success.

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 43 of 82

Nested Else-if statements (else-if ladders)
Nested else-if is used when multipath decisions are required.

The general syntax of how else-if ladders are constructed in ‘C’ programming is as follows:
if (test - expression 1)
{
statement1;
}
else if (test - expression 2)
{
Statement2;
}
else if (test - expression 3)
{
Statement3;
}
else if (test - expression n)
{
Statement n;
}
else
{
default;
}
Statement x;
This type of structure is known as the else-if ladder. This chain generally looks like a ladder
hence it is also called as an else-if ladder. The test-expressions are evaluated from top to bottom.
Whenever a true test-expression if found, statement associated with it is executed. When all the n
test-expressions becomes false, then the default else statement is executed.

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 44 of 82

Let us see the actual working with the help of a program.
The below program prints the grade as per the marks scored in a test. We have used the else-if
ladder construct in the below program.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int marks=83;
if(marks>75)
{
printf("First class");
}
else if(marks>65)
{
printf("Second class");
}
else if(marks>55)

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 45 of 82

 {
printf("Third class");
}
Else
{
printf("Fourth class");
}
return 0;
}
Output:
First class
Description of above program:
1. We have initialized a variable with marks. In the else-if ladder structure, we have provided
various conditions.
2. The value from the variable marks will be compared with the first condition since it is true the
statement associated with it will be printed on the output screen.
3. If the first test condition turns out false, then it is compared with the second condition.
4. This process will go on until the all expression is evaluated otherwise control will go out of
the else-if ladder, and default statement will be printed.

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 46 of 82

Practical-5

AIM: Write a C Program for following problems using branching, iteration

and recursion.
(a) Write a program to read marks of a student from keyboard whether the
student is pass or fail (using if else)
(b) Write a program to read three numbers from keyboard and find out
maximum out of these three. (Nested if else)
Solution: (Write your answer from here)

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 47 of 82

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 48 of 82
Rubrics Wise Marks Obtained:

Knowledge of Programming Team work (2) Communication Skill Ethics(2)

subject (2) Skill (2)

Good Average Good Average Good Satisfactory Good Satisfactory Good Average
(2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1)

Rubrics 1 2 3 4 5 Total
Marks

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 49 of 82

Switch Statement:

The switch statement allows us to execute one code block among many alternatives.
You can do the same thing with the if...else..if ladder. However, the syntax of the switch
statement is much easier to read and write.

Syntax of Switch…case is as follows:

switch (expression)

case constant1:

// statements

break;

case constant2:

// statements

break;

default:

// default statements

How does the switch statement work?

The expression is evaluated once and compared with the values of each case label.
If there is a match, the corresponding statements after the matching label are executed. For
example, if the value of the expression is equal to constant2, statements after case constant2: are
executed until break is encountered.
If there is no match, the default statements are executed.

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 50 of 82

Loop Statements

Loops in programming are used to repeat a block of code until the specified condition is met. A
loop statement allows programmers to execute a statement or group of statements multiple times
without repetition of code.
Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 51 of 82
There are mainly two types of loops in C Programming:

Entry Controlled loops: In Entry controlled loops the test condition is checked before entering
the main body of the loop. For Loop and While Loop is Entry-controlled loops.

Exit Controlled loops: In Exit controlled loops the test condition is evaluated at the end of the
loop body. The loop body will execute at least once, irrespective of whether the condition is true
or false. do-while Loop is Exit Controlled loop.

do-while loop in C

The do-while loop continues until a given condition satisfies. It is also called post tested loop. It
is used when it is necessary to execute the loop at least once (mostly menu driven programs).

The syntax of do-while loop in c language is given below:

do {

//code to be executed

} while (condition);

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 52 of 82

while loop in C

The while loop in c is to be used in the scenario where we don't know the number of iterations in
advance. The block of statements is executed in the while loop until the condition specified in
the while loop is satisfied. It is also called a pre-tested loop.

The syntax of while loop in c language is given below:

while(condition){

//code to be executed

For Loop in C

The for loop in C language is used to iterate the statements or a part of the program several
times. It is frequently used to traverse the data structures like the array and linked list.

Syntax:

for (initialize expression; test expression; update expression)

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 //

// body of for loop

//

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Practical-6

AIM: Write a C Program for following problems using branching, iteration

and recursion.
(a) Write a C program to read no 1 to 7 and print relatively day Sunday to
Saturday. (Switch statement)
(b) Write a C program to find factorial of a given number.
(c) Write a program to print following patterns
i) * ii) * iii) * * *
** * * **
*** * * * *
Solution: (Write your answer from here)

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 55 of 82

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 56 of 82
Rubrics Wise Marks Obtained:

Knowledge of Programming Team work (2) Communication Skill Ethics(2)

subject (2) Skill (2)

Good Average Good Average Good Satisfactory Good Satisfactory Good Average
(2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1)

Rubrics 1 2 3 4 5 Total
Marks

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 57 of 82

CO-4: Decompose a problem into function.
Functions in C

In C, we can divide a large program into the basic building blocks known as function. The
function contains the set of programming statements enclosed by {}. A function can be called
multiple times to provide reusability and modularity to the C program. In other words, we can
say that the collection of functions creates a program. The function is also known as procedureor
subroutinein other programming languages.

Advantage of functions in C

There are the following advantages of C functions.

 By using functions, we can avoid rewriting same logic/code again and again in a
program.
 We can call C functions any number of times in a program and from any place in a
program.
 We can track a large C program easily when it is divided into multiple functions.
 Reusability is the main achievement of C functions.
 However, Function calling is always a overhead in a C program.

Function Aspects

There are three aspects of a C function.

Function declaration A function must be declared globally in a c program to tell the compiler
about the function name, function parameters, and return type.

Function call Function can be called from anywhere in the program. The parameter list must not
differ in function calling and function declaration. We must pass the same number of functions
as it is declared in the function declaration.

Function definition It contains the actual statements which are to be executed. It is the most
important aspect to which the control comes when the function is called. Here, we must notice
that only one value can be returned from the function.

Types of Functions

There are two types of functions in C programming:

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 58 of 82

Library Functions: are the functions which are declared in the C header files such as scanf(),
printf(), gets(), puts(), ceil(), floor() etc.

User-defined functions: are the functions which are created by the C programmer, so that
he/she can use it many times. It reduces the complexity of a big program and optimizes the code.

Return Value

A C function may or may not return a value from the function. If you don't have to return any
value from the function, use void for the return type.

Let's see a simple example of C function that doesn't return any value from the function.

Example without return value:

void hello(){

printf("hello c");

If you want to return any value from the function, you need to use any data type such as int, long,
char, etc. The return type depends on the value to be returned from the function.

Let's see a simple example of C function that returns int value from the function.

Example with return value:

int get(){

return 10;

In the above example, we have to return 10 as a value, so the return type is int. If you want to
return floating-point value (e.g., 10.2, 3.1, 54.5, etc), you need to use float as the return type of
the method.

Types of functions in terms of argument and return value:

A function may or may not accept any argument. It may or may not return any value. Based on
these facts, There are four different aspects of function calls.

 function without arguments and without return value

 function without arguments and with return value
Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 59 of 82
  function with arguments and without return value
 function with arguments and with return value

Call by value and Call by reference in C

There are two methods to pass the data into the function in C language, i.e., call by value and call
by reference.

Call by value and Call by reference in C

There are two methods to pass the data into the function in C language, i.e., call by value and call
by reference.

Call by value in C

 In call by value method, the value of the actual parameters is copied into the formal
parameters. In other words, we can say that the value of the variable is used in the
function call in the call by value method.
 In call by value method, we can not modify the value of the actual parameter by the
formal parameter.
 In call by value, different memory is allocated for actual and formal parameters since the
value of the actual parameter is copied into the formal parameter.
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  The actual parameter is the argument which is used in the function call whereas formal
parameter is the argument which is used in the function definition.

Call by reference in C

 In call by reference, the address of the variable is passed into the function call as the
actual parameter.
 The value of the actual parameters can be modified by changing the formal parameters
since the address of the actual parameters is passed.
 In call by reference, the memory allocation is similar for both formal parameters and
actual parameters. All the operations in the function are performed on the value stored at
the address of the actual parameters, and the modified value gets stored at the same
address.

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 61 of 82

Practical-7

AIM: Write a C Program using concept of function.

(a) Write a program that defines a function to add first n numbers.
(b) Write a program using function to find maximum number from two
numbers.

Solution: (Write your answer from here)

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 62 of 82

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 63 of 82
Rubrics Wise Marks Obtained:

Knowledge of Programming Team work (2) Communication Skill Ethics(2)

subject (2) Skill (2)

Good Average Good Average Good Satisfactory Good Satisfactory Good Average
(2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1)

Rubrics 1 2 3 4 5 Total
Marks

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 64 of 82

Practical-8

AIM: Write a C Program using concept of function.

(a) Write a program to exchange two numbers by using function
(b) Write a program to reverse the number using function.

Solution: (Write your answer from here)

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 65 of 82

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 66 of 82
Rubrics Wise Marks Obtained:

Knowledge of Programming Team work (2) Communication Skill Ethics(2)

subject (2) Skill (2)

Good Average Good Average Good Satisfactory Good Satisfactory Good Average
(2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1)

Rubrics 1 2 3 4 5 Total
Marks

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 67 of 82

CO-5: Develop an application using the concepts of array, pointer,
structure, and file management to solve engineering and/or scientific
problems
Arrays in C

Arrays are used to store multiple values in a single variable, instead of declaring separate
variables for each value. To create an array, define the data type (like int) and specify the name
of the array followed by square brackets []. To insert values to it, use a comma-separated list,
inside curly braces:

int myNumbers[] = {25, 50, 75, 100};

We have now created a variable that holds an array of four integers.

Access the Elements of an Array

To access an array element, refer to its index number. Array indexes start with 0: [0] is the first
element. [1] is the second element, etc.

This statement accesses the value of the first element [0] in myNumbers:

Example

int myNumbers[] = {25, 50, 75, 100};

printf("%d", myNumbers[0]);

// Outputs 25

Advantage of C Array

1) Code Optimization: Less code to the access the data.

2) Ease of traversing: By using the for loop, we can retrieve the elements of an array easily.

3) Ease of sorting: To sort the elements of the array, we need a few lines of code only.

4) Random Access: We can access any element randomly using the array.

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Disadvantage of C Array

1) Fixed Size: Whatever size, we define at the time of declaration of the array, we can't
exceed the limit. So, it doesn't grow the size dynamically like LinkedList which we will
learn later.

Two Dimensional Array in C

The two-dimensional array can be defined as an array of arrays. The 2D array is organized as
matrices which can be represented as the collection of rows and columns. However, 2D arrays
are created to implement a relational database lookalike data structure. It provides ease of
holding the bulk of data at once which can be passed to any number of functions wherever
required.

Declaration of two dimensional Array in C

The syntax to declare the 2D array is given below.

data_type array_name[rows][columns];

C Pointers

The pointer in C language is a variable which stores the address of another variable. This
variable can be of type int, char, array, function, or any other pointer. The size of the pointer
depends on the architecture. However, in 32-bit architecture the size of a pointer is 2 byte.
Consider the following example to define a pointer which stores the address of an integer.

int n = 10;

int* p = &n;

Declaring a pointer

The pointer in c language can be declared using * (asterisk symbol). It is also known as
indirection pointer used to dereference a pointer.

int *a;//pointer to int

char *c;//pointer to char

Pointer to array

int arr[10];

int *p[10]=&arr;
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Pointer to a function

void show (int);

void(*p)(int) = &display;

Pointer to structure

struct st {

int i;

float f;

}ref;

struct st *p = &ref;

Advantage of pointer

1) Pointer reduces the code and improves the performance, it is used to retrieving strings, trees,
etc. and used with arrays, structures, and functions.

2) We can return multiple values from a function using the pointer.

3) It makes you able to access any memory location in the computer's memory.

Usage of pointer

There are many applications of pointers in c language.

1) Dynamic memory allocation

In c language, we can dynamically allocate memory using malloc() and calloc() functions where
the pointer is used.

2) Arrays, Functions, and Structures

Pointers in c language are widely used in arrays, functions, and structures. It reduces the code
and improves the performance.

Address Of (&) Operator

The address of operator '&' returns the address of a variable. But, we need to use %u to display
the address of a variable.

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 70 of 82

Why use structure?

In C, there are cases where we need to store multiple attributes of an entity. It is not necessary
that an entity has all the information of one type only. It can have different attributes of different
data types. For example, an entity Student may have its name (string), roll number (int), marks
(float). To store such type of information regarding an entity student, we have the following
approaches:

Construct individual arrays for storing names, roll numbers, and marks.

Use a special data structure to store the collection of different data types.

What is Structure

Structure in c is a user-defined data type that enables us to store the collection of different data
types. Each element of a structure is called a member. Structures ca; simulate the use of classes
and templates as it can store various information The ,struct keyword is used to define the
structure. Let's see the syntax to define the structure in c.

struct structure_name

data_type member1;

data_type member2;

data_type memeberN;

};

Let's see the example to define a structure for an entity employee in c.

struct employee

{ int id;

char name[20];

float salary;

};
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Declaring structure variable

We can declare a variable for the structure so that we can access the member of the structure
easily. There are two ways to declare structure variable:

By struct keyword within main() function

By declaring a variable at the time of defining the structure.

1st way:

Let's see the example to declare the structure variable by struct keyword. It should be declared
within the main function.

struct employee

{ int id;

char name[50];

float salary;

};

Now write given code inside the main() function.

struct employee e1, e2;

The variables e1 and e2 can be used to access the values stored in the structure. Here, e1 and e2
can be treated in the same way as the objects in C++ and Java.

2nd way:

Let's see another way to declare variable at the time of defining the structure.

struct employee

int id;

char name[50];

float salary;

}e1,e2;

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Accessing members of the structure

There are two ways to access structure members:

1) By . (member or dot operator)

2) By -> (structure pointer operator)

Let's see the code to access the id member of p1 variable by. (member) operator.

p1.id

C Structure example

Let's see a simple example of structure in C language.

#include<stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

struct employee

{ int id;

char name[50];

}e1; //declaring e1 variable for structure

int main( )

//store first employee information

e1.id=101;

strcpy(e1.name, "Sonoo Jaiswal");//copying string into char array

//printing first employee information

printf( "employee 1 id : %d\n", e1.id);

printf( "employee 1 name : %s\n", e1.name);

return 0;

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File Handling in C

In programming, we may require some specific input data to be generated several numbers of
times. Sometimes, it is not enough to only display the data on the console. The data to be
displayed may be very large, and only a limited amount of data can be displayed on the console,
and since the memory is volatile, it is impossible to recover the programmatically generated data
again and again. However, if we need to do so, we may store it onto the local file system which
is volatile and can be accessed every time. Here, comes the need of file handling in C.

File handling in C enables us to create, update, read, and delete the files stored on the local file
system through our C program. The following operations can be performed on a file.

 Creation of the new file

 Opening an existing file
 Reading from the file
 Writing to the file
 Deleting the file

Functions for file handling

There are many functions in the C library to open, read, write, search and close the file. A list of
file functions are given below:

No. Function Description

1 fopen() opens new or existing file

2 fprintf() write data into the file

3 fscanf() reads data from the file

4 fputc() writes a character into the file

5 fgetc() reads a character from file

6 fclose() closes the file

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7 fseek() sets the file pointer to given position

8 fputw() writes an integer to file

9 fgetw() reads an integer from file

10 ftell() returns current position

11 rewind() sets the file pointer to the beginning of the file

Opening File: fopen()

We must open a file before it can be read, write, or update. The fopen() function is used to open
a file. The syntax of the fopen() is given below.

FILE *fopen( const char * filename, const char * mode );

The fopen() function accepts two parameters:

The file name (string). If the file is stored at some specific location, then we must mention the
path at which the file is stored. For example, a file name can be like
"c://some_folder/some_file.ext".

The mode in which the file is to be opened. It is a string. We can use one of the following modes
in the fopen() function.

Mode Description

R opens a text file in read mode

w opens a text file in write mode

A opens a text file in append mode

r+ opens a text file in read and write mode

w+ opens a text file in read and write mode

a+ opens a text file in read and write mode

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rb opens a binary file in read mode

wb opens a binary file in write mode

ab opens a binary file in append mode

rb+ opens a binary file in read and write mode

wb+ opens a binary file in read and write mode

ab+ opens a binary file in read and write mode

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 76 of 82

Practical-9

AIM: Write a C Program using the concept of an array.

(a) Write a C program to find out the Maximum and Minimum number
from given 10 numbers in an array.
(b) Write a program to sort the elements of an array in ascending order.

Solution: (Write your answer from here)

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 77 of 82

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 78 of 82
Rubrics Wise Marks Obtained:

Knowledge of Programming Team work (2) Communication Skill Ethics(2)

subject (2) Skill (2)

Good Average Good Average Good Satisfactory Good Satisfactory Good Average
(2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1)

Rubrics 1 2 3 4 5 Total
Marks

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 79 of 82

Practical-10

AIM: Write a C Program using the concept of pointer, structure & File.
(a) Write a program to access elements using pointer.
(b) Design a structure student_record to contain name, branch and total
marks obtained. Develop a program to read data for 10 students in a class and
print them.
(c) A file named data contains series of integer numbers. Write a c program
to read all numbers from file and then write all odd numbers into file named
“odd” and write all even numbers into file named “even”. Display all the
contents of these file on screen

Solution: (Write your answer from here)

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 80 of 82

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 81 of 82
Rubrics Wise Marks Obtained:

Knowledge of Programming Team work (2) Communication Skill Ethics(2)

subject (2) Skill (2)

Good Average Good Average Good Satisfactory Good Satisfactory Good Average
(2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1)

Rubrics 1 2 3 4 5 Total
Marks

Student Name [Enrollment Number] Page 82 of 82