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Data Collection and Sampling

The document outlines various methods for data collection and sampling, including interviews, questionnaires, observations, and focus groups, each with their respective advantages and disadvantages. It emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate methods based on factors like data type, time constraints, population, and budget. Additionally, it discusses the significance of sample representativeness and factors influencing it, such as margin of error and confidence levels.

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charlie pedrosa
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2 views3 pages

Data Collection and Sampling

The document outlines various methods for data collection and sampling, including interviews, questionnaires, observations, and focus groups, each with their respective advantages and disadvantages. It emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate methods based on factors like data type, time constraints, population, and budget. Additionally, it discusses the significance of sample representativeness and factors influencing it, such as margin of error and confidence levels.

Uploaded by

charlie pedrosa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DATA COLLECTION AND SAMPLING

- How do you collect your data


- To know the appropriate method
- Using different technique
- They’re different method

SAMPLING
- Random Probability Sampling
- Non-Sampling random

FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN SELECTING THE METHOD TO COLLECT DATA


- The type of data
 Qualitative Data
 Quantitative Data
- The time allotment to complete the study
- The population under investigation
- The researcher’s financial capacity

METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION


1. Interview Method or Direct Method
This is a person-to-person interaction between an interviewer and the interviewee.

Advantages: Precise and consistent answers can be obtained by modifying or rephrasing the
questions, especially for illiterate respondents or children under study.

Disadvantages: It is time, money, and effort consuming and it will be applicable only for small
populations, except when conducting a census.

 Disturbance fee- payment for the respondents.

2. Questionnaire or indirect method


This is an alternative method for the interview method. Written responses are obtained
by distributing questionnaires (a list of questions intended to elicit answers to a given
problem, which must be given in a logical order and not too personal) to respondents
through mail or hand.

Advantages: Lesser time, money, and effort are consumed.


Disadvantages: the meaning of the questions may be different for each respondent.
Inconsistent responses can no longer be modified, thus, it reduces the valid number of
respondents.
3. The registration method
Certain laws enforce this method of gathering information. Data gathered by this
method are as follows: marriage contracts, birth certificates, motor registrations,
licenses of firearms, registration of corporations, real estate, votes, etc.

4. The Observation method


In this method, the investigator observes the behavior of persons or organizations and
their outcomes. The method makes possible the recording of behavior at the
appropriate time and situation.

5. A focus group discussion


Involves gathering people from similar backgrounds or experiences together to discuss a
specific topic of interest. It is a form of qualitative research where questions are asked
about their perceptions attitudes, beliefs, opinions, or ideas.

6. The experimental method


This method is used when the objective is to determine the cause-and-effect
relationship.

7. Test method
This method is widely used in psychological research and psychiatry. Standard tests
are used because of their validity, reliability, and usability.

8. Mechanical Devices
-the devices that can be used when gathering data for social and educational
research are the camera, projector, videotape, tape recorder, etc. In chemical,
biological, and medical research, the telescope, barometer, computer, radar
machines, camera, and satellites are commonly used.

 What is your population of interest?


 To whom do you want to generalize your results?
o All teachers
o School children
o Chinese people
o Women aged 15-45 years
o Others
 Can you sample the entire population?

 Analogy of the ROD


1,000 respondents can represent the whole population

3 factors that influence sample representativeness


 The margin of error (e): a percentage that tells you how much you can expect your
survey results to reflect the views of the overall population. The smaller the margin of
error, the closer you are to having the exact answer at a given confidence level.
 Sampling confidence level: a percentage that reveals how confident you can be that the
population would select an answer within a certain.

Social science – 5 percent margin of error


Medical science – 1 percent of error

2 types of questionnaires
-interview
-survey

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