NILE UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA,

ABUJA
SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION
(2024/2025)

Course Code: MTH 205/206 Course Title: Linear Algebra II

Time Allowed: 2 Hours Total Marks: 100
Instruction: Answer all questions. Each question carries 2 marks.

1. Which of the following sets is a sub- (d) (2, 11, −1)

space of R2 ?
4. Find x such that (x, y + 1) = (y −
(a) {(x, y) | x + y = 1} 2, 6).
(b) {(x, y) | x2 + y 2 = 0} (a) 1
(c) {(x, y) | x + y = 0} (b) 2
(d) {(x, y) | x − y = 1} (c) 3
(d) 4
2. Let U = (2, 1, 4, 5) and V =
(6, k, −8, 2). What value of k makes 5. Write V = (9, −3, 16) as a linear
U and V orthogonal? combination of u = (1, 3, 3), v =
(2, 5, 1), w = (4, −2, 3). What is
(a) 0
one correct coefficient of u?
(b) 1
(a) 1
(c) −2
(b) 2
(d) −4
(c) 3
3. If U = 2i − 3j + 4k and V = (d) 4
3i + j − 2k, compute U × V.
6. Find k such that U = (1, 7, k +
(a) (2, −3, 4) 2, −2) and V = (3, k, −3, k) are or-
(b) (2, −1, −11) thogonal.
(c) (−2, 4, 11) (a) 0

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 (b) 1 12. Which of the following sets is closed
(c) 2 under vector addition?

(d) −1 (a) {(x, y)|x + y = 5}

(b) {(x, y)|x = y}
7. Which of the following is a basis for
R3 ? (c) {(x, y)|xy = 1}
(d) {(x, y)|x − y = 2}
(a) {(1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6), (7, 8, 9)}
13. The zero vector in R3 is:
(b) {(1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0), (0, 0, 1)}
(a) (0, 0)
(c) {(1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1)}
(b) (0, 0, 0)
(d) {(1, 0, 1), (0, 1, 0), (1, 0, 1)}
(c) (1, 1, 1)
8. Determine if the vectors v1 = (d) Undefined
(1, 2, 3), v2 = (4, 5, 6), v3 = (7, 8, 9)
are linearly independent. 14. To find if a set is a subspace, you
must check:
(a) Yes
(a) Zero vector, closure under ad-
(b) No dition and scalar multiplica-
(c) Only if scaled tion
(d) Cannot determine (b) Only scalar multiplication
(c) Only the zero vector
9. The dot product of vectors (1, 2, 3)
(d) Orthogonality
and (4, 5, 6) is:
15. A basis of a vector space is:
(a) 32
(a) Any set of vectors
(b) 38
(b) A set of linearly dependent
(c) 28
vectors
(d) 50 (c) A linearly independent set that
10. The cross product of (1, 0, 0) and spans the space
(0, 1, 0) is: (d) A set that includes the zero
vector
(a) (0, 0, 1)
16. The number of vectors in a basis is
(b) (1, 1, 0) called the:
(c) (1, 0, 1)
(a) Rank
(d) (0, 1, 1)
(b) Dimension
11. Which of these is a correct definition (c) Span
of a vector space over R? (d) Order
(a) A set with only addition 17. Which of the following is NOT a lin-
(b) A set with addition and scalar ear transformation?
multiplication over R (a) T (x) = 2x
(c) A set with multiplication only (b) T (x) = x + 3
(d) A group under addition (c) T (x) = 5x

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 (d) T (x) = −x (a) The product of its eigenvalues
(b) The number of eigenvectors
18. Linear transformations preserve:
(c) The determinant
(a) Multiplication only (d) The sum of its eigenvalues
(b) Addition and scalar multiplica-
24. The determinant of a square matrix
tion
equals:
(c) Norms
(a) The trace of the matrix
(d) Eigenvalues
(b) The sum of eigenvalues
3
19. If Span(S) = R , then S must con- (c) The product of eigenvalues
tain at least:
(d) The sum of diagonal elements
(a) 2 vectors 25. The characteristicpolynomial of a

(b) 3 linearly independent vectors a b
2 × 2 matrix A = is:
c d
(c) 4 vectors
(d) Infinite vectors (a) λ2 + (a + d)λ + ad − bc
(b) λ2 − (a + d)λ + (ad − bc)
20. Which of the following statements is
TRUE? (c) λ2 − ad + bc
(d) λ − a
(a) Every subspace of R2 is R2
26. The equation det(A − λI) = 0 is
(b) The set of all scalar multiples
called:
of a vector is a subspace
(c) A vector space cannot have di- (a) The minimal polynomial
mension zero (b) The characteristic equation
(d) All subspaces must contain (c) The diagonalization condition
(1, 0) (d) The trace identity
21. Which of the following equations de- 27. The algebraic multiplicity of an
fines an eigenvalue λ of a matrix A? eigenvalue is:

(a) Ax = 0 (a) The number of corresponding

eigenvectors
(b) Ax = λx
(b) The dimension of the
(c) det(A) = 0 eigenspace
(d) A = λI (c) The number of times it appears
as a root of the characteristic
22. The eigenvalues of a diagonal matrix
polynomial
are:
(d) The number of pivot columns
(a) All zero
28. A matrix is diagonalizable if:
(b) All one
(a) It is triangular
(c) Its diagonal entries
(b) It has n linearly independent
(d) Undefined
eigenvectors
23. The trace of a square matrix equals: (c) It has complex entries

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 (d) It is singular (a) The trace

29. A diagonal matrix D satisfies Dn =? (b) The characteristic polynomial

(c) The eigenvalue
(a) Multiply each entry by n
(d) The determinant
(b) Raise each diagonal entry to
the power n 35. If a matrix satisfies A2 −4A+4I = 0,
then A2 is:
(c) Multiply D by n
(d) Replace entries with n (a) 4A − 4I
(b) 4A + 4I
30. For A = P DP −1 , we have An =?
(c) 2A − I
n −1
(a) P D P (d) A2 = 0
(b) P n Dn P −1
36. The diagonal entries in D when di-
(c) Dn agonalizing a matrix A are:
(d) P DP
(a) Zeroes
31. The Cayley-Hamilton theorem (b) Eigenvalues of A
states:
(c) Inverse values
(a) Every matrix has a unique in- (d) Random constants
verse
37. Which matrix has no real eigenval-
(b) A matrix satisfies its own char-
ues?
acteristic polynomial  
(c) The eigenvectors are orthogo- 0 −1
(a)
nal 1 0
 
(d) The determinant equals the 1 0
(b)
trace 0 1
 
2 0
32. If the characteristic polynomial is (c)
0 3
λ2 −3λ+2, then the matrix satisfies:  
5 1
(d)
(a) A2 + 3A + 2I = 0 0 5
(b) A2 − 3A + 2I = 0 38. A matrix is diagonalizable if and
2 only if:
(c) A − A + I = 0
(d) A2 − 2A + 3I = 0 (a) It is square
33. The Cayley-Hamilton theorem is (b) It has enough eigenvectors
useful for computing: (c) It is symmetric
(a) Eigenvalues (d) It has repeated eigenvalues
(b) Eigenvectors 39. The characteristic equation of a 3×3
(c) Powers of matrices matrix has degree:
(d) Vector magnitudes (a) 1
34. The minimal polynomial of a matrix (b) 2
divides: (c) 3

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 (d) Depends on entries (a) 0

40. The trace of a 3 × 3 matrix with (b) 1

eigenvalues 1, 2, and 3 is: (c) -1
(a) 6 (d) Cannot be determined
(b) 5 46. Which transformation preserves
(c) 1 both length and angles?
(d) 0 (a) Diagonal transformation
41. The determinant of a 3 × 3 matrix (b) Orthogonal transformation
with eigenvalues 2, 3, and 4 is: (c) Shear transformation
(a) 9 (d) Linear transformation
(b) 24
47. A real symmetric matrix is always:
(c) 6
(d) 0 (a) Skew-symmetric
(b) Non-diagonalizable
42. Which of the following is always
true for any square matrix A? (c) Orthogonally diagonalizable
(d) Singular
(a) det(A) = trace(A)
(b) A satisfies its characteristic 48. The eigenvalues of a 2 × 2 matrix A
equation are both zero. Then:
(c) All eigenvalues are real (a) A is invertible
(d) A is diagonalizable (b) det(A) = 1
43. The set of all solutions to (A − (c) A is the zero matrix or not in-
λI)x = 0 forms: vertible
(a) A subspace called eigenspace (d) A has no eigenvectors
(b) A null space of a different ma- 49. If a matrix A has three linearly in-
trix dependent eigenvectors, then A:
(c) The column space of A
(a) Is not diagonalizable
(d) The orthogonal complement
(b) Is diagonalizable
44. What is the minimal polynomial of (c) Has no determinant
a diagonal matrix with eigenvalues
2 and 3? (d) Must be non-square

(a) (x − 2)(x − 3) 50. If A is diagonalizable and A =

P DP −1 , then A−1 is:
(b) x − 2
(c) x2 − 5x + 6 (a) P −1 D−1 P
(d) (x − 2)2 (x − 3)2 (b) P DP −1

45. A 3×3 matrix with eigenvalues 1, 0, (c) P D−1 P −1

and -1 has a determinant equal to: (d) D−1