Table of contents 2

• Beginner Level Projects 5

1. Installing Arduino IDE and uploading code 5
2. Installing Libraries 11
3. Serial Monitor – Send Data 14
4. Serial Monitor – Receive Data 16
5. Blinking LED using UNO R3 boards built-in LED 17
6. Blinking LED using external LED 18
7. Smooth LED 19
8. Push Button 20
9. Potentiometer 21
10. Photoresistor 22
11. RGB LED - change 23
12. Active Buzzer 24
13. Passive Buzzer 25
14. Servo Motor 26
15. Servo Motor control using potentiometer 27
• Intermediate Level Projects 28
16. DHT Temperature Sensor using 3 pins 28
17. 1-digit 7 Segment Display 29
18. I2C 1602 LCD display 30
19. Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04 31
20. Relay 32
21. Bluetooth HC 05 33
22. L293D Motor Shield 39
23. Controlling DC Motor using Relay 40
• Advance Level Projects 41
24. 2WD Car Chassis Assembly Instructions 41
25. Line Following Robot Car 44
26. Obstacle Avoidance Robot Car 51
27. Torch Light Following Robot Car 58
28. Bluetooth Controlled Car using Android phone app. 64
29. Wifi ESP8266 with Blynk app 74
30. Introduction to NodeMCU ESP8266 87

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Introduction:
Understanding Arduino Uno R3 board
There are many varieties of Arduino boards that can be used for different purposes. Some boards look a bit
different from the one below, but most Arduino’s have majority of these components in common:

Power (USB / Barrel Jack)

Every Arduino board needs a way to be connected to a power source. The Arduino UNO can be powered from a
USB cable coming from your computer or a wall power supply that is terminated in a barrel jack. In the picture
above the USB connection is labeled (1) and the barrel jack is labeled (2).

Note:
Do NOT use a power supply greater than 20 Volts as you will overpower (and thereby destroy) your Arduino.
The recommended voltage for most Arduino models is between 6 and 12 Volts.
Pins (5V, 3.3V, GND, Analog, Digital, PWM, AREF)

The pins on your Arduino are the places where you connect wires to construct a circuit (probably in conjuction
with a breadboard and some wire. They usually have black plastic ‘headers’ that allow you to just plug a wire
right into the board. The Arduino has several different kinds of pins, each of which is labeled on the board and
used for different functions.
* GND (3): Short for ‘Ground’. There are several GND pins on the Arduino, any of which can be used to ground
your circuit.
* 5V (4) & 3.3V (5): As you might guess, the 5V pin supplies 5 volts of power, and the 3.3V pin supplies 3.3
volts of power. Most of the simple components used with the Arduino run happily off of 5 or 3.3 volts.
* Analog (6): The area of pins under the ‘Analog In’ label (A0 through A5 on the UNO) are Analog In pins. These
pins can read the signal from an analog sensor (like a temperature sensor) and convert it into a digital value
that we can read.
* Digital (7): Across from the analog pins are the digital pins (0 through 13 on the UNO). These pins can be
used for both digital input (like telling if a button is pushed) and digital output (like powering an LED).

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* PWM (8): You may have noticed the tilde (~) next to some of the digital pins (3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11 on the UNO).
These pins act as normal digital pins, but can also be used for something called Pulse-Width Modulation
(PWM). We have a tutorial on PWM, but for now, think of these pins as being able to simulate analog output
(like fading an LED in and out).
* AREF (9): Stands for Analog Reference. Most of the time you can leave this pin alone. It is sometimes used
to set an external reference voltage (between 0 and 5 Volts) as the upper limit for the analog input pins.

Reset Button
Just like the original Nintendo, the Arduino has a reset button (10). Pushing it will temporarily connect the
reset pin to ground and restart any code that is loaded on the Arduino. This can be very useful if your code
doesn’t repeat, but you want to test it multiple times. Unlike the original Nintendo however, blowing on the
Arduino doesn’t usually fix any problems.

Power LED Indicator

Just beneath and to the right of the word “UNO” on your circuit board, there’s a tiny LED next to the word ‘ON’
(11). This LED should light up whenever you plug your Arduino into a power source. If this light doesn’t turn
on, there’s a good chance something is wrong. Time to re-check your circuit!

TX RX LEDs
TX is short for transmit, RX is short for receive. These markings appear quite a bit in electronics to indicate
the pins responsible for serial communication. In our case, there are two places on the Arduino UNO where TX
and RX appear – once by digital pins 0 and 1, and a second time next to the TX and RX indicator LEDs (12).
These LEDs will give us some nice visual indications whenever our Arduino is receiving or transmitting data
(like when we’re loading a new program onto the board).

Main IC
The black thing with all the metal legs is an IC, or Integrated Circuit (13). Think of it as the brains of our Arduino.
The main IC on the Arduino is slightly different from board type to board type, but is usually from the ATmega
line of IC’s from the ATMEL company. This can be important, as you may need to know the IC type (along with
your board type) before loading up a new program from the Arduino software. This information can usually be
found in writing on the top side of the IC. If you want to know more about the difference between various IC’s,
reading the datasheets is often a good idea.

Voltage Regulator
The voltage regulator (14) is not actually something you can (or should) interact with on the Arduino. But it is
potentially useful to know that it is there and what it’s for. The voltage regulator does exactly what it says – it
controls the amount of voltage that is let into the Arduino board. Think of it as a kind of gatekeeper; it will turn
away an extra voltage that might harm the circuit. Of course, it has its limits, so don’t hook up your Arduino
to anything greater than 20 volts.

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Beginner Level Projects

Project 1:
Installing Arduino IDE and uploading code
STEP-1:Download the Arduino IDE
(Integrated Development Environment)
Access the Internet:
In order to get your Arduino up and running, you'll need to download some software first from www.
arduino.cc (it's free!). This software, known as the Arduino IDE, will allow you to program the Arduino
to do exactly what you want. It’s like a word processor for writing programs. With an internet-capable
computer, open up your favorite browser and type in the following URL into the address bar:

www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software

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For different operating system platforms, the way of using Arduino IDE is different. Please refer to the following
links: Windows User: http://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Windows Mac OS X
User:http://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/MacOSX Linux User: http://playground.arduino.cc/Learning/Linux
For more detailed information about Arduino IDE, please refer to the following link: http://www.arduino.cc/en/
Guide/HomePage

STEP-2: Connect your Arduino Uno to your Computer

Use the USB cable provided in the kit to connect the Arduino to one of your computer’s USB inputs.

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7 Beginner Level Projects
STEP-3: Install Drivers
Depending on your computer’s operating system, you will need to follow specific instructions. Please go
to the URLs below for specific instructions on how to install the drivers onto your Arduino Uno.

Windows Installation Process:

Go to the web address below to access the instructions for installations on a Windows-based computer.
http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/Windows

Macintosh OS X Installation Process:

Macs do not require you to install drivers. Enter the following URL if you have questions. Otherwise
proceed to next page.

http://arduino.cc/en/Guide/MacOSX

Linux Installation Process:

32 bit / 64 bit, Installation Process Go to the web address below to access the instructions for
installations on a Linux-based computer.

http://www.arduino.cc/playground/Learning/Linux

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STEP-4: Open the Arduino IDE

Open the Arduino IDE software on your computer. Poke around and get to know the interface. We aren’t
going to code right away, this is just an introduction. The step is to set your IDE to identify your Arduino
Uno.

GUI (Graphical User Interface)

Verify
Checks your code for errors compiling it.

Upload
Compiles your code and uploads it to the configured board. See uploading below for details.
NOTE:
If you are using an external programmer with your board, you can hold down the "shift" key on your
computer when using this icon. The text will change to "Upload using Programmer"

New
Creates a new sketch.

Open
Presents a menu of all the sketches in your sketchbook. Clicking one will open it within the current
window overwriting its content.
NOTE:
due to a bug in Java, this menu doesn't scroll; if you need to open a sketch late in the list, use the File |
Sketchbookmenu instead.

Save
Saves your sketch.

Serial Monitor
Opens the serial monitor.

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STEP-5: Select your board: Arduino Uno

STEP-6: Select your Serial Device

Windows: Select the serial device of the Arduino board from the Tools | Serial Port menu. This is likely to
be com3 or higher (COM1 and COM2 are usually reserved for hardware serial ports). To find out, you can
disconnect your Arduino board and re-open the menu; the entry that disappears should be the Arduino
board. Reconnect the board and select that serial port.

Mac OS: Select the serial device of the Arduino board from the Tools > Serial Port menu. On the Mac, this
should be something with /dev/tty.usbmodem (for the Uno or Mega 2560) or /dev/tty.usbserial (for older
boards) in it.

Linux: http://playground.arduino.cc/Learning/Linux

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How to upload the code to Uno R3 board ?

First connect your uno R3 board using usb cable to your laptop or computer.

If you already have arduino code in your systemfolders then just open it. Select the correct COM port
for the bord. Then Click on verify button. Once the code is compiled without any error then click on
upload button. Once the code is uploaded you will see a message at the bottom stating .
Now your code has been successfully uploaded.....

Alternatively, if you want to upload an example code you can go to File -> Examples -> and click on the
example code you wish to upload.

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Project 2:
Installing Libraries
What are Libraries?
Libraries are a collection of code that makes it easy for you to connect to a sensor, display, module, etc.
For example, the built-in LiquidCrystal library makes it easy to talk to character LCD displays. There are
hundreds of additional libraries available on the Internet for download. The built-in libraries and some
of these additional libraries are listed in the reference. To use these additional libraries, you will need to
install them.

How to install libraries?

There are 3 different methods to install libraries, so let’s see one by one.

Method-1: Using library manager

To install a new library into your Arduino IDE, you can use the Library Manager.
Open the IDE and click Sketch > Include > Library > Manage Libraries.

The library manager will open and you will find a list of libraries that are already installed orready for
installation. In this example, we will install the Bridge library. Scroll down the list to findit,thenselectthe
versionofthelibraryyouwanttoinstall.Sometimes,onlyoneversionof the library is available. If the version
selection menu does not appear, don't worry; it is normal.

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Finally click on install and wait for the IDE to install the new library. Downloading may take time depending
on your connection speed. Once it has finished, an Installed tag should appear next to the Bridge library.
You can close the library manager.

You can now find the new library available in the Include Library menu.

Method-2: Importing a .zip library (Recommended for all the projects which we
use)
LibrariesareoftendistributedasaZIPfileorfolder.Thenameofthefolderisthenameofthe library. Inside the
folder will be the following: .cpp file, .h file, often a keywords.txt file, examples folder, and other files
required by the library. Starting with version 1.0.5, you can install third-party libraries in the IDE. Do not
unzip the downloaded library; leave itas-is.
In the Arduino IDE, navigate to Sketch > Include Library > Add .ZIP Library.

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You will be prompted to select the library you would like to add. Navigate to the .zip file's location and
open it.
Return to the Sketch > Import Library menu. You should now see the library at the bottom of the drop-
down menu. It is ready to be used in your sketch. The zip file will have been expanded in the libraries folder
in your Arduino sketches directory.
NB: The Library will be available to use in sketches, but examples for the library will not be shown in the
File > Examples until after the IDE has restarted.

Method-3: Manual Installation:

To install the library, first, quit the Arduino application. Then unzip the ZIP file containing the library.
For example, if you're installing a library called "ArduinoParty", uncompress ArduinoParty.zip. It should
contain a folder called ArduinoParty, with files like ArduinoParty.cpp and ArduinoParty.h inside. (If the
.cpp and .h files aren't in a folder, you'll needtocreateone.Inthiscase,you'dmakeafoldercalled"ArduinoPart
y"andmoveintoit all the files that were in the ZIP file, like ArduinoParty.cpp andArduinoParty.h.)
Drag the ArduinoParty folder into this folder (your libraries folder). Under Windows, it will likely
be called "My Documents\Arduino\libraries". For Mac users, it will likely be called "Documents/Arduino/
libraries". On Linux, it will be the "libraries" folder in your sketchbook.
Your Arduino library folder should now look like this (on Windows):
My Documents\Arduino\libraries\ArduinoParty\ArduinoParty.cpp
My Documents\Arduino\libraries\ArduinoParty\ArduinoParty.h
MyDocuments\Arduino\libraries\ArduinoParty\examples
....
or like this (on Mac and Linux): Documents/Arduino/libraries/ArduinoParty/ArduinoParty.cpp Documents/
Arduino/libraries/ArduinoParty/ArduinoParty.h Documents/Arduino/libraries/ArduinoParty/examples
....
There may be more files than just the .cpp and .h files so make sure they're all there. (The library won't
work if you put the .cpp and .h files directly into the libraries folder or if they're nestedinanextrafolder.
Forexample:Documents\Arduino\libraries\ArduinoParty.cppand
Documents\Arduino\libraries\ArduinoParty\ArduinoParty\ArduinoParty.cpp won'twork.)
Restart the Arduino application. Make sure the new library appears in the Sketch > Import Library menu.
That's it. You've installed a library!

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Project 3:
Serial Monitor – Send Data
We will use the serial port on UNO R3 to send data to computer

Parts Required:
• Uno R3 board, USB Cable

Serial port on Arduino

UNO has integrated USB to serial transfer, could communicates with computer when USB cable get
connected to it. Arduino Software also uploads code to UNO through the serial connection. Computer
identifies serial devices connected to your computer as COMx. We can use the Serial Monitor window of
Arduino Software to communicate with UNO, connect UNO to computer through the USB cable, choose the
right device, and then click the Serial Monitor icon to open the Serial Monitor window.

Interface of Serial Monitor window is as follows. If you can't open it, make sure UNO had been connected
to the computer, and choose the right serial port in the menu bar "Tools".

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15 Beginner Level Projects
Circuit Connection:
Connect UNO to the computer with USB cable.

Code: Verify and Upload the code“Serial_Send_Data.ino” to Uno R3 board

Output:Open the “Serial Monitor”, then you'll see data sent from UNO r3.

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Beginner Level Projects 16

Project 4:
Serial Monitor – Receive Data
We will use the serial port to receive data from Uno R3.

Parts Required:
• Uno R3 board, USB Cable

Circuit Connection:
Connect UNO to the computer with USB cable

Code: Verify and Upload the code named “Serial_Receive_Data.ino” to Uno R3 board
Output: Open the “Serial Monitor”, then you'll see the number constantly sent from UNO.Fill character in the
sending area, and click the Send button, then you'll see the string returned from UNO.

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Project 5:
Blinking LED using UNO R3 boards built-in LED
Make an inbuilt led below 13th pin blink.

Parts Required:
• Uno R3 board, USB Cable

Circuit Connection:
Connect the uno r3 board to the computer using the usb cable.

Code: Verify and Upload the code named “Blinking_LED_inbuilt.ino” to Uno R3 board.
Output: LED blinks continuously in certain interval.

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Project 6:
Blinking LED using an external LED
Make an external LED blink.

Parts Required:
• Uno R3 board, USB Cable
* Breadboard
* Few jumper wires
* LED
* Resistor – 220ohm

Circuit Connection:
Provide the connection as per the below circuit.

Code: Verify and Upload the code named “Blinking_LED_external.ino” to Uno R3 board
Output: LED blinks continuously in certain interval

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Project 7:
Smooth LED
Make an LED blink smoothly.

Parts Required:
* Uno R3 board, USB Cable
* Breadboard
* Few jumper wires
* LED
* Resistor – 220ohm

Circuit Connection:
Provide the connection as per the below circuit.

Code: Verify and Upload the code named “Blinking_LED_smoothly.ino” to Uno R3 board
Output: LED will turn from low brightness to high and vice versa.

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Project 8:
Smooth LED
Turn the Led ON by pressing push button.

Parts Required:
* Uno R3 board, USB Cable
* Breadboard
* Few jumper wires
* LED
* Resistor – 220ohm
* Push Button

Circuit Connection:
Provide the connection as per the below circuit.

Code: Verify and Upload the code named “PushButton.ino” to Uno R3 board.
Output: Press the Push Button and you will see the LED glow.

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Project 9:
Potentiometer
Adjust the brightness of Led using potentiometer.

Parts Required:
* Uno R3 board, USB Cable
* Breadboard
* Few jumper wires
* LED
* Resistor – 220ohm
* Potentiometer

Circuit Connection:
Provide the connection as per the below circuit.

Code: Verify and Upload the code named “Potentiometer.ino” to Uno R3 board
Output: Rotate the potentiometer from left to right to see the brightness of the LED changing.

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Project 10:
Photoresistor
Adjust the brightness of Led using photoresistor.

Parts Required:
* Uno R3 board, USB Cable
* Breadboard
* Few jumper wires
* LED
* Resistor – 220ohm for LED
* 3 pin Photoresistor

Circuit Connection:
Provide the connection as per the below circuit.

Code: Verify and Upload the code named “Photoresistor.ino” to Uno R3 board
Output: Close the photoresistor with your finger to see the intensity of the LED increase.

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Project 11:
RGB Led
Turn on the RGB led to see different colors pop up.

Parts Required:
* Uno R3 board, USB Cable
* Breadboard
* Few jumper wires
* RGB LED Module

Circuit Connection:
Provide the connection as per the below circuit.

Code: Verify and Upload the code named “RGB_LED.ino” to Uno R3 board
Output: Color of the LED changes from RED to GREEN to BLUE in cycles.

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Project 12:
Active Buzzer
Make the buzzer beep in certain interval.

Parts Required:
* Uno R3 board, USB Cable
* Breadboard
* Few jumper wires
* Active Buzzer (Identification: Has a small sticker on top of it. Remove this sticker before use)
* Resistor – 220ohm

Circuit Connection:
Provide the connection as per the below circuit.

Code: Verify and Upload the code named “Active_Buzzer.ino” to Uno R3 board
Output: Active Buzzer will beep continuously in certain interval.

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Project 13:
Passive Buzzer or Tone Generator
Hear the tone/music through passive buzzer.

Parts Required:
* Uno R3 board, USB Cable
* Breadboard
* Few jumper wires
* Passive Buzzer or Tone Generator
* Resistor – 220ohm

Circuit Connection:
Provide the connection as per the below circuit.

Code: Verify and Upload the code named “Passive_Buzzer.ino” to Uno R3 board
Output: Produces musical tones.

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Project 14:
Passive Buzzer or Tone Generator
Make the servo rotate from from 0 to 180 degrees and vice versa.

Parts Required:
* Uno R3 board, USB Cable
* Male to Male Jumper Wires
* Servo Motor

Circuit Connection:
Provide the connection as per the below circuit.

Code: Verify and Upload the code named “Servo.ino” to Uno R3 board
Output: Servo arm will rotate from 0 to 180 degrees and comes back to its original position

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Project 15:
Servo control through potentiometer
Control the rotation of servo using potentiometer.

Parts Required:
* Uno R3 board, USB Cable
* Breadboard
* Male to Male Jumper Wires
* Servo Motor
* Potentiometer 10k

Circuit Connection:
Provide the connection as per the below circuit.

Code: Verify and Upload the code named “Servo_Potentiometer.ino” to Uno R3 board
Output: Rotate the potentiometer from left to right and see the rotation of the servo arm based on the
rotation of potentiometer.

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Intermediate Level Projects

Project 16:
DHT Temperature Sensor using 3 pins
Display current temperature and humidity in serial monitor.

Parts Required:
* Uno R3 board, USB Cable
* Few jumper wires
* 3pin DHT11 Sensor

Circuit Connection:
Provide the connection as per the below circuit.

Library: Install DHT.zip library before uploading the code.Otherwise your code will give error message.
Code: Verify and Upload the code named “DHT11_TempSensor_3pin.ino” to Uno R3 board.
Output: Open “Serial Monitor” to see the current temperature and humidity displayed.

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Project 17:
1-digit 7 Segment Display
Display numbers from 0 to 9 in the 1-digit 7 Segment display.

Parts Required:
* Uno R3 board, USB Cable
* Breadboard
* Few jumper wires
* Resistor – 1Kohm
* 1-digit 7 Segment Display

Circuit Connection:
Provide the connection as per the below circuit.

Library: Install SevSeg.zip library before uploading the code. Otherwise your code will give error message.
Code: Verify and Upload the code named “1Digit_7Segment.inio” to Uno R3 board
Output: You can see the numbers displayed from 0 to 9.

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Project 18:
i2c 1602 Lcd Display
Display counter number in 1602 display.

Parts Required:
* Uno R3 board, USB Cable
* Few jumper wires
* I2c 1602 LCD display

Circuit Connection:
Provide the connection as per the below circuit.

Library: Install Newliquidcrystal_1.3.5 library before uploading the code. Otherwise your code will give
error message.
Code: Verify and Upload the code named “i2c_1602_LCDdisplay.ino” to Uno R3 board
Output: You will see LCD display counters with increase in number for every blink.

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Project 19:
Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04
Display the distance of object in serial monitor.

Parts Required:
* Uno R3 board, USB Cable
* Few jumper wires
* Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04

Circuit Connection:
Provide the connection as per the below circuit.

Code: Verify and Upload the code named “Ultrasonic_Sensor.ino” to Uno R3 board
Output: Open “Serial Monitor”. Place any object in front of the ultrasonic sensor and move the object closer
and further to see the distance displayed in serial monitor.

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Project 20:
1 channel Relay
Turn on the LED and DC motor using relay module.

Parts Required:
* Uno R3 board, USB Cable
* Breadboard
* Few jumper wires
* 1 Channel Relay.

Circuit Connection:
Provide the connection as per the below circuit.

Code: Verify and Upload the code named “Relay.ino” to Uno R3 board
Output: The relay will switch ON and OFFin certain interval continuously.

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Project 21:
Bluetooth HC-05 or HC-06
Control LED turn ON and OFF using Bluetooth mobile app.

Parts Required:
* Uno R3 board, USB Cable
* Breadboard
* Few jumper wires
* Bluetooth HC-05 module(or) HC-06 module
* LED
* Resistor – 220ohm
* Install “Arduino Bluetooth Controller” App from Playstore

Circuit Connection:
Provide the connection as per the below circuit. Connection is same for both HC-05 or HC-06 modules.

Follow the below steps to perform proper connection between phones Bluetooth app and HC-05/06
module.
1. Before uploading the code, you need to remove the VCC pin from Bluetooth HC-05/06 module.
2. Code: Verify and Upload the code named “Bluetooth_HC05.ino” to Uno R3 board

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Intermediate Level Projects 34
3. Connect the VCC pin back to Bluetooth HC-05/06 module.
4. Enable Bluetooth in your mobile setting and click on Pair new device.
5. You should see the device name HC-05 or HC-06 based on your bluetooth module.

6. Click on HC-05 or HC-06 and it will prompt for password.

7. Enter the password as 1234 or 0000 and click OK

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8. Device will be successfully paired with your mobile. But still you will see the led in the bluetooh HC-05 or
HC-06 module blinking.
9. Install the app named “Arduino bluetooth Controller” from Playstore

10. Open the app and under Connect to a device select HC-05 or HC-06

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11. Connect in “Switch Mode” option

12. Click on Setting icon to configure the button options.

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13. Enter x for ON button and y for OFF button and then go back to previous screen.

14. Click on the button icon to turn the Led ON.

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15. Click on the button once again to turn the Led OFF

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Project 22:
L293D Motor Shield
Make the DC motor run using L293D motor shield.

Parts Required:
* Uno R3 board, USB Cable
* Few jumper wires

Circuit Connection:
First Insert the L293D Motor shield on top of Uno R3 board andProvide the connection as per the below
circuit.

Code: Verify and Upload the code named “L293D_Motor_Shield.ino” to Uno R3 board
Output: You will see the DC motor rotate clockwise and anticlockwise alternatively.

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Project 23:
Controlling DC motor using Relay
Turn on the LED and DC motor using relay module.

Parts Required:
* Uno R3 board, USB Cable
* Breadboard
* Few jumper wires
* 2 Channel Relay.
* LED
* Resistor – 220ohm
* DC motor

Circuit Connection:
Provide the connection as per the below circuit.

Code: Verify and Upload the code named “DCMotor.ino” to Uno R3 board
Output: The relay will switch ON and OFF and you will see DC motor also turns ON and OFF while the relay
does.

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Advance Level Projects

Project 24:
2WD Car Chassis Assembly Instructions
The basis for all the robot car is assembling the chassis and we will show you step by step how to assemble
the car.

Step-1: Peel the outer sticker from the car chassis and the motor holders to make the chassis reveal its
original bright color.

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Advance Level Projects 42

Step-2: Insert the motor holder into its respective slot and install the gear motor using the screws and nuts
provided.

Step-3: Repeat the steps and install the gear motor in other side of the chassis as well.

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Step-4: Use the small screws and install all 4 Hex mount at the back end of the car chassis.

Step-5: Install the castor wheel on top of the hex mount using the screws.

Step-6: Insert the wheels into the gear motor. Please align the wheel according the slot of the gear motor to
insert properly. This completes the assembly instructions of 2WD car chassis.

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Project 25:
Line Following Robot Car
In this project we will build a line following car which will follow the black line in a white background.

Step-1: Take an assembled 2WD Car chassis. Just in case you are not aware how to assemble the 2WD car
chassis please refer to the “2WD Card Chassis Assembly Instruction” section for details.

Step-2: Install 2 hex connectors and screw the line sensors to them as shown in the picture.

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Step-3: Insert 6 x AA batteries in battery holder and place it in the back side of the car chassis using double
side stickers.

Step-4: Insert the L293D motor driver shield on top of the Uno R3 board and use a double side tape and fix
it on top of the battery holder.

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Step-5: Circuit Connection

Motors to L293D driver shield

Left Side Motor L293 Shield mounted on Uno R3

Wire-1 (Red) M4

Wire-2 (Black) M4

Right Side Motor L293 Shield mounted on Uno R3

Wire-1 (Red) M1

Wire-2 (Black) M1

NOTE:
Kindly note that there is no polarity in gear motors. Hence the red and black wires provided with
the motor is just for reference purpose. They can be interchanged if the motor is required to
rotate in different directions.

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Upload Code to Uno R3 board:

Use the provided USB cable and connect the Uno R3 board to your laptop/desktop computer.

Installing Libraries:

Open the LineFollowingCar.ino code using the Arduino IDE.

Before uploading the code to the Uno R3 board you need to install the “AFMotor.zip” library. Follow the
below steps to install the library.

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Compile and Upload the code to Uno R3 board.

Step-6: Insert the DC power jack from battery holder into Uno R3 dc jack and Power ON the Uno R3 board.
Now you should make sure the line sensors are working as expected.

Condition-1: When line sensor is in white surface then you should notice the below points.
* You should see both LED’s in each line sensor should be turned ON.
* Both wheels of the car should rotate in forward direction. If any of the wheels or both wheels rotation
in reverse direction, then please interchange the red and black wire connection which goes to the L293D
motor driver shield.

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Condition-2: Black Surface: When line sensors is in black surface you see only one Led in each light sensor
should be turned ON.

Note: If the above steps are not working as expected then please adjust the potentiometer in the
line sensor using the screwdriver to its desired level to make it work.

Demonstration when one of the line sensor is in black surface and when the other one is in white surface.
Make sure your line sensors also work in the same manner.

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Step-7: Make a circuit in oval shape or round shape using black insulation tape. Kindly note the surface
should be white with black line in it. If you are using reflective surfaces like floor, marble, granite, tiles it
might not work well. So please use a chart paper or matt white surface to get the best results.

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Project 26:
Obstacle Avoidance Robot Car
Step-1: Take an assembled 2WD Car chassis. Just in case you are not aware how to assemble the 2WD car
chassis please refer to the “2WD Card Chassis Assembly Instruction” section for details.

Step-2: Insert Servo motor from bottom to the servo slot and screw them. Insert servo arm to the servo.

Step-3: Place the Ultrasonic sensor holder on the servo arm and screw them. Kindly note the direction in
which the ultrasonic sensor holder is mounted, because it has to match with the pin terminals mintioned in
the ultrasonic sensor. Insert the ulrasonics sensor into the holder.

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Step-4: Insert 6 x AA batteries in battery holder and place it in the back side of the car chassis using double
side stickers.

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Step-5: Insert the L293D motor driver shield on top of the Uno R3 board and use a double side tape and fix
it on top of the battery holder.

Step-6: Circuit Connection

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Motors to L293D driver shield

Left Side Motor L293 Shield mounted on Uno R3

Wire-1 (Red) M4

Wire-2 (Black) M4

Right Side Motor L293 Shield mounted on Uno R3

Wire-1 (Red) M1

Wire-2 (Black) M1

Note: kindly note that there is no polarity in gear motors. Hence the red and black wires provided
with the motor is just for reference purpose. They can be interchanged if the motor is required to
rotate in different directions.

Ultrasonic Sensor to L293D driver shield:

Ultrasonic Sensor L293 Shield mounted on Uno R3

Gnd Gnd

Echo A5

Trig A0

Vcc +5

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Servo Motor to L293D driver shield:

Servo Motor L293 Shield mounted on Uno R3

Brown Color Wire -

Red Color Wire +

Orange color s
Wire

Upload Code to Uno R3 board:

Use the provided USB cable and connect the Uno R3 board to your laptop/desktop computer.

Installing Libraries:

Open the ObstacleAvoidingCar.ino code using the Arduino IDE.

Before uploading the code to the Uno R3 board you need to install the “AFMotor.zip” library.

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NOTE: If you had already installed this AFMotor.zip library during the previous projects then you
can ignore this step. Else follow the below steps to install the library.

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Compile and Upload the code to Uno R3 board.

Step-7: Insert the DC power jack from battery holder into Uno R3 dc jack and Power ON the Uno R3 board.

Result: You will see the car avoiding the obstacles and going towards the longest path available where
there is no obstacle in front of it.

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Project 27:
Light Following Car
In this project we will build a light following car which will follow the light in the dark.

Step-1: Take an assembled 2WD Car chassis. Just in case you are not aware how to assemble the 2WD car
chassis please refer to the “2WD Card Chassis Assembly Instruction” section for details.

Step-2: Insert 6 x AA batteries in battery holder and place it in the back side of the car chassis using double
side stickers.

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Step-3: Insert the L293D motor driver shield on top of the Uno R3 board and use a double side tape and fix
it on top of the battery holder.

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Step-4: Use double side tape and fix the Photoresistor in the 45 degree angle as shown in the picture
below.

Step-6: Circuit Connection

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Motors to L293D driver shield

Left Side Motor L293 Shield mounted on Uno R3

Wire-1 (Red) M4

Wire-2 (Black) M4

Right Side Motor L293 Shield mounted on Uno R3

Wire-1 (Red) M1

Wire-2 (Black) M1

Note: kindly note that there is no polarity in gear motors. Hence the red and black wires provided
with the motor is just for reference purpose. They can be interchanged if the motor is required to
rotate in different directions.

Left Side Photoresistor L293 Shield mounted on Uno R3

VCC +5
GND Gnd
D0 A5

Right Side Photoresistor L293 Shield mounted on Uno R3

VCC +5
GND Gnd
D0 A0

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Upload Code to Uno R3 board:

Use the provided USB cable and connect the Uno R3 board to your laptop/desktop computer.

Installing Libraries:

Open the TorchLight_FollowingCar.ino code using the Arduino IDE.

Before uploading the code to the Uno R3 board you need to install the “AFMotor.zip” library.
NOTE: If you had already installed this AFMotor.zip library during the previous projects then you
can ignore this step and directly compile and upload the code to UNO R3 board. Else follow the
below steps to install the library.

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Compile and Upload the code to Uno R3 board.

Step-8: Insert the DC power jack from battery holder into Uno R3 dc jack and Power ON the Uno R3 board.

Result: In a dark room, show the light in front of the cars photoresistor sensors and see the robot car
following the light.

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Project 28:
Bluetooth Controlled Car
Introduction: In this project we will demonstrate how to assemble a Bluetooth controlled car using Android
app. (Works only with Android mobile phones). Does not support iOS.

Parts Required:
* 2WD Car Chassis Assembled
* Uno R3
* L293D motor driver shield
* HC05 Bluetooth module
* Arduino Bluetooth RC Car app – Download from PlayStore.
* IMPORTANT NOTE: Kindly upload the code for Bluetooth car to UNO R3 board before installation. If you
want to upload the code after installation, then you need to remove the power supply of the Bluetooth
module before uploading. If you try to upload the code with Bluetooth module power supply, it will throw
error message.

Step-1: Upload the Code to Uno R3 board

Use the provided USB cable and connect the Uno R3 board to your laptop/desktop computer.

Installing Libraries:

Open the BluetoothCar.ino code using the Arduino IDE.

Before uploading the code to the Uno R3 board you need to install the “AFMotor.zip” library.
NOTE: If you had already installed this AFMotor.zip library during the previous projects then you
can ignore this step and directly compile and upload the code to UNO R3 board. Else follow the
below steps to install the library.

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Compile and Upload the code to Uno R3 board.

Step-2: Take an assembled 2WD Car chassis. Just in case you are not aware how to assemble the 2WD car
chassis please refer to the “2WD Card Chassis Assembly Instruction” section for details.

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Step-3: Insert 6 x AA batteries in battery holder and place it in the back side of the car chassis using double
side stickers.

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Step-4: Insert the L293D motor driver shield on top of the Uno R3 board and use a double side tape and fix
it on top of the battery holder.

Step-5: Circuit Connection

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Motors to L293D driver shield

Left Side Motor L293 Shield mounted on Uno R3

Wire-1 (Red) M4

Wire-2 (Black) M4

Right Side Motor L293 Shield mounted on Uno R3

Wire-1 (Red) M1

Wire-2 (Black) M1

Note: kindly note that there is no polarity in gear motors. Hence the red and black wires provided
with the motor is just for reference purpose. They can be interchanged if the motor is required to
rotate in different directions.

Bluetooth Module to L293D motor driver shield:

Bluetooth Module L293 Shield mounted on Uno R3

RX Tx (Pin 1)
TX Rx (Pin 0)
GND Gnd
VCC 5v

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Installing the Bluetooth RC controller app from PlayStore in your Android mobile phone:

Go to playstore and search for “Arduino Bluetooth RC Car” and install it.

Power on the Car and you would see the RED led in the Bluetooth module blinking. This means the Bluetooth
module is waiting for paring with the app.

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In your mobile phone

Go to Settings -> Bluetooth -> Turn on Bluetooth Option

Click “Pair new device” and from the Available devices select “HC-05”

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When prompted for password please enter 1234 and click Ok.

Kindly note still your Bluetooth module is NOT yet paired with the app.

Now open the “Arduino Bluetooth RC Car” app. You will see a RED circle indicator blinking on the left corner
of the app which indicates that bluetooth module is not yet paired with the app.

Now Click on the setting wheel icon.

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Click “Connect to Car” option

In the list of Bluetooth devices listed select “HC-05” option.

Now you should see the red flashing led turning to SOLD Green and also a text which reads Connected to
HC-05 being displayed.

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Result: Now that the app is connected to your Bluetooth car use the Forward, Backward, Left and Right
direction button to make the car move in desired direction.

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Project 29:
Wifi ESP8266-01 with Blynk app
Introduction:Control LED using wifi and blynk app from your mobile.
Parts Required:
* Uno R3 board, USB Cable
* Breadboard
* Few jumper wires
* ESP8266-01 module
* LED
* Resistor – 220ohm
* Blynk app need to be installed

Note: You need to change the circuit connection twice for setting up the ESP8266-01 wifi module.

First circuit connection for changing the baudrate of ESP8266-01 module: Provide the connection as per
the below circuit.

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Action-1: Procedure for changing the baudrate of ESP8266-01 to 9600 from 115200

1. Open New Sketch from the Arduino IDE.

2. Open Serial Monitor and change the following options

3. From drown select option “Both NL & CR"

4. Set baudrate to "115200 baud"

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5. Remove 3.3v power cable from ESP8266-01 module.

6. Upload the New empty Sketch/Code to the Uno R3 board.

7. Once code uploaded, Open Serial Monitor once again.

8. Plug in the 3.3v power cable back to ESP8266. Now in serial monitor you should see messages like
"ready" or "WIFI CONNECTED" or “WIFI GOT IP"

9. Now type the command AT in serial monitor and click Send button.

10. AT should give result AT OK

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11. Now type command AT+UART_DEF=9600,8,1,0,0 command will change the baudrate of ESP8266 to
9600.

12. Now select baudrate of serial monitor to 9600 from drop down.

13. Type AT in serial monitor should give result AT OK.

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14. Success! Now the baudrate of ESP8266-01 has been changed to 9600.

Installation and setup of Blynk App:

1. Download and install Blynk app from Google Playstore or Appstore
2. Open Blynk App and create “New Project”

3. Enter the “Project Name” as Led Wifi.

4. Select the “Board Type” as Arduino Uno and click Create

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5. Auth token will be generated and sent to your email address.

6. Click on the + icon to open widget box

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7. Add a new widget “Button”

8. Click on the button widget will take to its setting

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9. Change the PIN to “Digital - pin 7”, rename the widget to “Switch” and change the PUSH option to
SWITCH and go back.

10. Now all the configuration is completed at Blynk app.

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Second circuit connection for using the ESP8266-01 wifi module with your phones Blynk app: Provide the
connection as per the below circuit.

Update your CODE:

1. Library: Install Blynk.zip and BlynkESP8266_Lib.zip libraries. Otherwise your code will give error message.
2. Open the code named “wifi_blynk.ino”

3. Make the following changes in your CODE to reflect the correct “Auth Token”, “Network Name” and
“Network Password”

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Note: You would have received the Auth Token in your email. Kindly copy and paste it in the code.

4. Next enter your Wifi network “User Name” and “Password”.

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5. Once you have entered the Auth token, User Name and Passowrd you code should look something like
this;

6. Now perform the below steps to get connected with the wifi module:
7. Remove 3.3v power cable from ESP8266-01 module and then upload the updated code.
8. Plug in the 3.3v power cable back to ESP8266-01 module.
9. Open “Serial Monitor” and check if the ESP8266-01 module is getting connected to your Wifi network
successfully.
10. Ensure the baudrate is at 9600 then you should see like the screen below where the Wifi module gets
connected.

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11. Open Blynk app and you should see the project getting connected to your Uno R3 board through wifi
automatically.

12. Output: Click ON and OFF button through Blynk app to control the LED.
13. When ON button is clicked you would see the LED turn ON through Wifi.

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Similarly, when OFF button is clicked the LED turns OFF through Wifi.

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Project 30:
Introduction to NodeMCU ESP8266
The Node MCU is an open source firmware and development kit that helps you to prototype your IoT
product with ArduinoIDE or in few Lau script lines.
It includes firmware which runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SoC. And hardware which is based on the ESP-12
module. In this tutorial we explain how to use NodeMCU with Arduino IDE

How to Connect NodeMCU with Arduino IDE

* Open up the Arduino IDE.
* Go to File -> Preferences -> Additional Boards Manager URLs: http://arduino.esp8266.com/stable/
package_esp8266com_index.json -> click OK
* Close the IDE and open it up again.
* Go to Tools -> Board (where you’d select your version of Arduino) -> Boards Manager, find the ESP8266
and click Install. You now should be able to use the ESP8266 as an Arduino.
* Simply select the NODEMCU 1.0 as your board with Port and you should be ready to code.
Now, with ESP8266 board installed to Arduino IDE, we can program NodeMCU using Arduino IDE directly.

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