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Social physiology (Seven Pillars International School)

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Science
Stage 9

Paper 2 2025

45 minutes

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
• Answer all questions.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
• You should show all your working on the question paper.

INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 50.
• The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

3146_02_4RP
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1 The diagram shows the pathway of water through a plant.

soil

(a) Name the type of cell where water enters the plant.

[1]

(b) Water from the soil enters a plant.

Write down the name of this process.

[1]

(c) Water passes from the root, through the stem to the leaf.

Name the vessel in the stem that the water passes through.

[1]

(d) Water moves from the leaf to the air.

Write down the name of this process.

[1]

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2 (a) Complete the sentences about chemical bonding.

(i) The type of bond made when a pair of electrons is shared by two atoms is called

a bond. [1]

(ii) When an atom an electron, a positive ion is made. [1]

(b) What is an ionic bond?

A bond that occurs between ions when atoms lose or gain electrons
The ionic bond is held by electrostatic force as the ions are oppositely charged

[1]

3 Look at the diagram of sound waveform A.

sound waveform A

Draw on the grid a sound waveform B that completely cancels out sound waveform A.

sound waveform B
[1]

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4 Aiko finds a drawing of a desert.

She draws a diagram to show the different causes of desertification.

grassland with too land over used for trees cut down by less rain
many animals crops humans

soil becomes bare

soil eroded by wind

and water

desertification

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(a) Climate change causes desertification.

Circle the cause of desertification due to climate change.

grassland with too many animals

land over used for crops

trees cut down by humans

less rain
[1]

(b) Suggest two future impacts of desertification.

[2]

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5 Complete these sentences about how plants make glucose.

(a) Plants use energy from light, and

to make glucose and .

[3]

(b) Plants make glucose using the process of .

This process takes place in structures in some leaf cells.

These structures are called .

[2]

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6 Look at part of the reactivity series.

calcium most reactive

magnesium

zinc

iron

copper

silver

gold least reactive

(a) Zinc, Zn, reacts with copper sulfate solution, CuSO4.

Zinc sulfate solution, ZnSO4 and copper, Cu, are made.

Write the symbol equation for this reaction.

[1]

(b) Predict if copper reacts with magnesium sulfate solution.

Tick () the correct answer.

yes no

Explain your answer.

[1]

(c) Predict if iron reacts with silver nitrate solution.

Tick () the correct answer.

yes no

Explain your answer.

[1]

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7 Oliver makes a series electrical circuit.

Here is a diagram of his electrical circuit.

ammeter

lamp

switch battery

(a) (i) Oliver wants to measure the voltage across the lamp.

Write down the name of the meter that measures voltage.

[1]

(ii) Oliver uses this meter to measure the voltage across the lamp.

Draw on the diagram to show where and how the meter is connected.

Use this shape for the meter.

Use lines for wires.

[1]

(b) Oliver writes down the readings from the meters in his electrical circuit.

voltage = 1.5 V

current = 0.6 A

Calculate the resistance of the lamp.

resistance = Ω [2]

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8 Scientists are concerned that some asteroids may collide with the Earth.

NASA sent a spacecraft to collide with a small asteroid.

small asteroid

NOT TO SCALE

The small asteroid was destroyed.

(a) Suggest why NASA destroyed the small asteroid.

[1]

(b) One consequence of a large asteroid hitting the Earth is climate change.

Describe one other consequence of a large asteroid hitting the Earth.

[1]

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10

9 These varieties of lettuce are from the same species.

Look at the diagram of one leaf from each variety of lettuce.

A B C

D E DRAWN TO SCALE

Key

Yes: go to question 3
1 Does the leaf have a rounded end?
No: go to question 2

Yes: mizuna
2 Is the leaf longer than it is wide?
No: endive

Yes: oak leaf

3 Is the rounded end of the leaf dark in colour?
No: go to question 4

Yes: purslane
4 Is the leaf small and oval in shape?
No: romaine

Use the key to identify each variety of lettuce.

E
[2]

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11

10 (a) A sample of substance X has a mass of 150 g and a volume of 25 cm3.

Calculate the density of substance X.

Include the unit of density.

density of substance X = unit [3]

(b) Substance X has a melting point of 1852 oC and a boiling point of 4377 oC.

Suggest the type of structure in substance X.

[1]

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12

11 This question is about heat and temperature.

Lily has two blocks of metal.

block A block B

Block A has a higher temperature than block B.

Lily puts the blocks together.

block A block B

(a) Describe what happens when the two blocks touch each other.

[1]

(b) Describe what happens when the two blocks are together for 10 minutes.

[1]

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13

12 Hassan investigates the reaction between magnesium and dilute hydrochloric acid.

The reaction makes hydrogen gas.

Hassan adds 0.5 g of magnesium to 25 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid.

He measures the total volume of hydrogen gas made every minute for 4 minutes.

Look at his results.

The volume after 3 minutes is 45 cm3

20 cm3 = 1 minute
At the start the volume is 0 cm3

2 minutes = 35 cm3

50 cm3 is the volume after 4 minutes

Hassan presents his results in a table.

Complete the table of results.

[3]

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14

13 Chen runs for 20 minutes.

He is hot.

Chen has liquid water on his skin.

Explain how the evaporation of the liquid water cools his skin.

The greatest energy particles rise to collide with the air trapping with them heat as
the water evaporates from the skin’s surface

[2]

14 Rajiv uses the internet to find out about the carbon cycle.

He finds out that there are two types of carbon cycle.

• slow carbon cycle

Carbon in fossil fuels leaks slowly into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide through
volcanic activity.
This takes millions of years.

• fast carbon cycle

Humans burn fossil fuels such as oil to release very large amounts of carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere every year.
Rajiv also finds this graph.

12

10

global 8
carbon
dioxide 6
released in
billions of
tonnes 4

0
1850 1875 1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 2025 2050
year

(a) There are no values of carbon dioxide released shown on the graph between 1850 and
1865.
Suggest why.

[1]

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15

(b) Describe the trend in the amount of carbon dioxide released from the year 1850 to the
year 2000.

Explain the trend.

Use ideas about the slow carbon cycle and the fast carbon cycle.

description of trend

explanation Amount of carbon dioxide is increasing as a result of the fast carbon cycle as
humanActivity increases and the carbon cycle increases too
The slow carbon cycle also plays a role as it increase the amount of carbon
dioxide too.

[2]

(c) Suggest a value for the amount of global carbon dioxide released in 2025.

billions of tonnes [1]

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15 Mike investigates the rate water is absorbed by a plant.

The diagram shows some of the equipment he uses.

leaves

vein

stem

solution of red dye

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17

(a) Mike waits until the veins of the leaves are red in colour.

leaves

vein

stem

solution of red dye

Write down two measurements he takes to measure the rate water is absorbed by the plant.

Name the two pieces of equipment he uses to take these measurements.

measurement 1

equipment 1

measurement 2

equipment 2
[2]

(b) Mike decides to repeat the experiment three times.

Explain why.

[1]

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16 Jamila and Safia investigate convection.

Jamila:

• adds blue dye to cold water

• pours the cold blue water into water at room temperature.

Safia:

• adds red dye to hot water

• pours the hot red water into water at room temperature.

Jamila Safia

cold blue
water
hot red
water

water at room
temperature

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19

(a) Look at Safia in the picture.

She has not made a risk assessment.

Complete the table to identify two risks and describe how to control these risks.

risk how to control the risk

…………………………………….. …………………………………………..

…………………………………….. …………………………………………..

…………………………………….. …………………………………………..

…………………………………….. …………………………………………..

[2]
(b) Predict what happens to the cold blue water and the hot red water.

Explain your answers.

Use ideas about density and convection.

prediction for cold blue water

explanationThe cold water has more density so it will sink down and spread but then the water
at room temp will be more dense so it will sink down while the blue water will rise

prediction for hot red water

explanationThe hot water has less density so it will float and spread but then the water at room
temp will be less dense so it will float while the red water will sink

[3]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment
International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced annually and is available to download at
https://lowersecondary.cambridgeinternational.org/

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

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 The Periodic Table of Elements

© UCLES 2025
Group
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
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20

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

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rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og

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francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium nihonium flerovium moscovium livermorium tennessine oganesson
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –