• NAME: ATHIRA THULASIDHARAN

• CLASS: SYBA
• ROLLNO: BA2302015
• SUB: ESSENTIALS OF MUSIC THERAPY
ASSIGNMENT-1
1. ORIGIN OF MUSIC
• Define music the way you perceive it.
Music is an art form and a cultural activity. Music involves elements like melody, harmony,
rhythm, tempo etc. Music serves many purposes from entertainment and expression to
therapeutic uses and is deeply embedded in human culture across all societies. Music holds deep
value to humans as music helps human in so many ways.
• Elaborate on the origin of music.
The origin of music is one of the most fascinating aspects of human evolution. One of the aspects
can be the mother-child (infant) bond where a mother sings lullaby to the new born. This
relationship is fundamental to understanding how music has played a role in nurturing and
shaping human societies from the earliest times. One of the most universal forms of early music
is the lullaby. These soothing songs have been used across cultures to calm and lull infants to
sleep. Lullabies typically feature simple, repetitive melodies and gentle rhythms, which help
create a comforting and secure environment for the child. Emotional expression through music
could strengthen group bonds, facilitate cooperation, and improve social interactions, which were
crucial for survival in early human societies.
• How do you think music was originated and introduced to human beings?

Music begins with early vocalization. Early humans might have used rhythmic and melodic
sounds to communicate basic emotions, intentions, or social signals before the development of
complex language. These vocalizations could have included cries, chants, or rhythmic patterns.
There could also be aspect of social bonding/ gathering. Early humans could have used music for
social bonding. Music's ability to synchronize group activity and create shared emotional
experiences would have been beneficial for fostering social cohesion and cooperation in early
human groups. Music may have been integrated into religious or ritualistic practices. Early
rituals often involved music to enhance spiritual experiences or mark significant events,
contributing to the development of early musical traditions. There are much archaeological
evidence such as bone flutes from the Swabian Jura region in Germany, suggest that early
humans created and used musical instruments around 40,000 years ago. These instruments
indicate that the creation and manipulation of sound were important aspects of early human
culture.

• Discuss it with your own perspective with examples.

Music plays a very important role in the evolution of humans without music or sounds the world
would have been a very different place. Music holds a very special place for every human as it
helps every one in one or the other way. The invention of the phonograph, radio, and later digital
recording technology revolutionized music creation and distribution. These technologies
democratized access to music and facilitated global exchange of musical styles. The rise of
digital platforms and streaming services has transformed how music is accessed and shared.
Modern technology has enabled unprecedented access to diverse musical traditions and
innovations.

One example of the technology and the evolution of music is that music helps in healing.

2. MYTHOLOGICAL REFERENCE

• Talk about mythological references for Music from Indian Perspective

Music holds a deeply revered place in Indian mythology and culture. Some of the references of
music with respect to Indian perspective are as follows.

Saraswati and the Veena: Saraswati, the goddess of knowledge, music, and arts, is often
depicted playing the veena, a classical Indian string instrument. According to mythology, the
veena symbolizes the harmonious blend of intellect and creativity. Saraswati's association with
music underscores its divine and transformative power, which is believed to bring wisdom and
enlightenment.

Krishna and the Flute: Lord Krishna, one of the most beloved deities in Hinduism, is often
depicted playing the flute. His divine music is said to be enchanting and is believed to attract and
mesmerize all living beings. The flute of Krishna symbolizes divine love and the transcendental
nature of music.

Nataraja and the Cosmic Dance: Lord Shiva, in his aspect as Nataraja (the Lord of Dance),
performs the cosmic dance, or Tandava. This dance represents the rhythmic cycles of creation,
preservation, and destruction of the universe. The dance is accompanied by music, which is
integral to the cosmic order. The rhythm of Shiva’s dance is considered the source of all musical
rhythms.

The Origin of Raga: In Hindu mythology, the concept of raga (a melodic framework for
improvisation) is said to have divine origins. Various mythological accounts describe how the
gods and sages composed and transmitted ragas to humans, highlighting the belief that music is a
celestial gift.

• Which of these references fascinates you the most?

The story of Nataraja, the cosmic dancer aspect of Lord Shiva, is particularly captivating. The
idea of Shiva performing the Tandava dance, with its accompanying rhythm and music,
symbolizes the dynamic and cyclical nature of the universe. This dance represents the creation,
preservation, and destruction of the cosmos, encapsulating the fundamental processes of
existence. What makes this reference, so intriguing is the way it merges music, dance, and
cosmology into a unified concept. Shiva’s dance is not just a performance but a cosmic event
that maintains the order of the universe. The rhythmic beats of the dance are thought to resonate
with the very pulse of creation, embodying the divine rhythm that sustains all life.

This concept reflects a profound understanding of how music and rhythm are integral to the
cosmic order, suggesting that the universe itself is in a constant state of musical and rhythmic
motion. The idea that the divine engages in a cosmic dance to maintain balance and harmony
resonates deeply, illustrating how intertwined spirituality and the arts can be.

• Elaborate and discuss about the significance of deity and musical reference.

In Indian context, deities and musical references are intricately connected, reflecting a deep-
seated belief in the divine power of music to influence the cosmos, human emotions, and
spiritual experiences.

Nataraja and the Cosmic Dance

Significance:

Cosmic Rhythm: Nataraja’s dance, the Tandava, represents the eternal rhythm of creation,
preservation, and destruction. The dance’s rhythm is thought to align with the fundamental
vibrations of the universe, signifying that music and dance are integral to cosmic order.

Integration of Art and Divinity: The dance and accompanying music are not separate from the
divine but are expressions of divine will and action. This highlights the idea that art forms are
manifestations of divine forces and are essential to the cosmic cycle.

Dynamic Balance: The Tandava reflects the dynamic nature of existence, where music and
rhythm play a crucial role in maintaining balance and harmony. This aspect emphasizes the
interconnectedness of artistic expression and the natural world.

Saraswati and the Veena

Significance:

Goddess of Knowledge and Arts: Saraswati, the goddess of knowledge, wisdom, and arts,
embodies the synthesis of intellectual and artistic pursuits. Her association with music
underscores the belief that musical expression is a form of divine knowledge and creativity.

Symbol of Harmony: The veena, a traditional Indian string instrument, is not merely a musical
tool but a symbol of harmony between mind, body, and spirit. Saraswati’s play on the veena
signifies the harmonious flow of cosmic energy and the integration of the material and spiritual
worlds.
Spiritual Enlightenment: Music played by Saraswati is believed to impart wisdom and
enlightenment, illustrating the transformative power of music in elevating one's consciousness
and understanding.

3. THERAPEUTIC ASPECT OF MUSIC

• Do you think music has any therapeutic properties?

Yes, music is widely recognized for its therapeutic properties, and this belief is supported by
both scientific research and traditional practices. Music has a powerful impact on emotions.
Listening to soothing music can elevate mood, reduce feelings of anxiety, and provide comfort
during times of stress. Certain types of music, such as classical or ambient, can have calming
effects, while upbeat music can improve energy and motivation. Music can lower cortisol levels,
the hormone associated with stress. This effect is often utilized in therapeutic settings to help
patients manage anxiety, stress, and even chronic pain.

• List down and elaborate.

Here is elaborated list of the therapeutic properties of music.

Mood Enhancement: Music can significantly improve mood by influencing emotions. For
example, listening to uplifting or soothing music can help lift spirits and provide a sense of
comfort. Research shows that music can stimulate the release of dopamine, the “feel-good”
neurotransmitter, leading to improved emotional states.

Memory and Learning: Music can enhance cognitive functions such as memory and learning.
For individuals with cognitive impairments, like Alzheimer’s disease, music therapy can help
with recall and cognitive functioning by engaging memory pathways. Rhythmic and melodic
cues can also aid in learning and retention in educational settings.

Attention and Focus: Music, particularly instrumental or classical, can improve concentration
and focus. The rhythmic and melodic elements of music can create an environment conducive to
attention, making it easier for individuals to concentrate on tasks such as studying or working.

Pain Relief: Music therapy has been used effectively to manage pain by providing distraction
and relaxation. Music can alter the perception of pain by shifting attention away from discomfort
and inducing a relaxation response. This is often utilized in medical settings, such as during
surgeries or chronic pain management.

Expressive Communication: For those who struggle with verbal expression, music offers an
alternative way to communicate. Engaging in musical activities, such as songwriting or
improvisation, provides a means to express emotions and thoughts that might be difficult to
articulate otherwise.

Spiritual Healing: In many cultures, music plays a central role in spiritual practices and rituals.
Sacred chants, hymns, and devotional music are used to foster spiritual well-being and connect
individuals with higher spiritual realms. Music is seen as a medium for spiritual enlightenment
and healing.

• Talk about the first time you heard about music having therapeutic effects.

The first time when I heard /encountered about the therapeutic effects of music is when I myself
started to feel that music has the potential to calm a person or make a person feel at ease and
after a few more further research about the same I gained the knowledge of how music has its
therapeutic characteristics that can help humans.

4. CONCEPT OF MUSICAL THERAPY

• Have you ever experienced the effects of music?

Yes, I have experienced the magical effect of music.

• Write about the incident and experience.

Whenever I feel very sad or too much of emotions, I always listen to one my of favorite soft song
which helps me to calm down.

• Share the details of the song and why you find it therapeutic.

Song- Sadaa Paalaya (Malayalam)

Singers-Sudeep kumar and Sithara Krishnakumar

Music director- Composed by Gopi Sundar.

I find this song therapeutic because of its slow and classical note and the beautiful voice of the
singers.

5. MUSIC AND HUMANS

• Write about the significance of music in human life.

Music holds a profound and multifaceted significance in human life, influencing a wide array of
aspects from emotional well-being to cultural identity. Its impact is deeply rooted in both our
individual experiences and collective societal practices.

Early Development: For children, music plays a crucial role in early development. Engaging
with music helps with language acquisition, motor skills, and socialization. Music activities can
support developmental milestones and foster a love for learning.

Social Bonding: Music brings people together, fostering social interaction and cohesion. Group
activities such as choirs, bands, and dance groups create opportunities for collaboration and
strengthen social connections. Shared musical experiences can build community and enhance
relationships.
 Self-Expression: Music allows individuals to express their creativity and individuality.
Whether through playing an instrument, singing, or composing, engaging with music provides a
sense of personal fulfillment and self-expression.

Joy and Enjoyment: For many, music is a source of pleasure and joy. It enhances everyday life
by providing entertainment, inspiration, and a means to celebrate personal and shared
experiences.

Universal Language: Music transcends language barriers and cultural differences, serving as a
universal form of communication. Its ability to convey emotions and messages without words
allows for a shared human experience across diverse populations .

• Which are the stages of human life, where one would seek musical solace?

Music can offer solace and support throughout all stages of human life, adapting to the unique
needs and challenges of each phase. Music is very important in every stage of human life as in
each stage, human develop a different type of connection to different types of music that helps
individuals to navigate through life.

• Explain with appropriate songs for respective stages of human life.

CHILDHOOD

"Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star": A Classic rhyme which is introduced to children during their
kindergarten years.

“Lakdi Ki Kathi": A fun and lively song, it's designed to delight children.

ADOLESCENCE

Firework" by Katy Perry: This empowering anthem resonates with adolescents seeking to assert
their identity and self-worth.

ADULTHOOD

Ilahi”: This energetic and adventurous song perfectly captures the spirit of exploration and new
experiences in early adulthood, celebrating freedom and youthful exuberance.

OLDAGE

During old age people tend to listen more to devotional songs.