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Light Emitting Diode (LED)

A Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a PN junction diode that converts electrical energy into light energy through the process of electroluminescence when forward biased. The fabrication involves depositing a P-type layer on an N-type substrate, with metal films providing anode and cathode connections. The working principle involves free electrons and holes recombining at the junction to emit light, represented in an energy level diagram showing electron transitions between conduction and valence bands.

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3 views8 pages

Light Emitting Diode (LED)

A Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a PN junction diode that converts electrical energy into light energy through the process of electroluminescence when forward biased. The fabrication involves depositing a P-type layer on an N-type substrate, with metal films providing anode and cathode connections. The working principle involves free electrons and holes recombining at the junction to emit light, represented in an energy level diagram showing electron transitions between conduction and valence bands.

Uploaded by

deepakkalimuthu2006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Light Emitting Diode (LED)

Mrs. P. Baby Shalini


Assistant Professor
Department of Physics
Mailam Engineering College
Mailam
Definition
• LED is a PN junction diode which convert electrical energy to light energy
under forward biasing.

• It emits light in both visible and IR region.


Principle
• When Light Emitting Diode (LED) is forward biased, free electrons in
the conduction band recombines with the holes in the valence band
and releases energy in the form of light.

• The process of emitting light in response to the strong electric


field or flow of electric current is called electroluminescence.
Fabrication
• The P-type layer is deposited on N-type
substrate by diffusion process.

• The recombination occurs in P-layer, so it is


deposited upper most.

• The metal film is used on the P-type layer


to provide anode connection to the diode.

• Similarly, Gold-film layer is coated on


N-type to provide cathode connection.
Working
• When PN junction is forward biased, the
barrier width is reduced.

• When Light Emitting Diode (LED) is


forward biased, the free electrons from
n-side and the holes from p-side are
pushed towards the junction.

• At the junction the electron recombine


with hole to produce light energy.
Working-Energy level diagram
• The recombination indicates that the
electrons in the conduction band
jump down to the valence band.

• When the electrons jump from one


band to another band the electrons
will emit the electromagnetic energy
in the form of photons.

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